The invention of an iliosacral screw fixation guide and its preliminary clinical application

Objective: To introduce an iliosacral screw fixation guide and evaluate its efficacy in fixation of sacroiliac joint fracture‐dislocations. Methods: Between January 2011 and May 2011, eight patients (five men, three women) with sacroiliac joint fracture‐dislocation underwent percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation with the assistance of this minimally invasive guide and under CT guidance. The patients, aged from 26 to 56 years (mean 32 years), had vertically unstable pelvic fractures. Before surgery, six patients who had displacement of >2 cm in their sacroiliac joints underwent skeletal traction on the femoral condyle. The inserted sites were marked out on the affected side of their buttocks after the best screw trajectory had been determined under CT control. The gear that controls the direction of the minimally invasive guide was adjusted according to the inserting angle determined by CT scans. A K‐wire was inserted into the sacroiliac joint along the pilot sleeve of the guide, and a hollow screw (diameter 7.3 mm) was implanted into the sacroiliac joint along the K‐wire. Results: All eight operations were successful on the first attempt. The operations lasted from 10 to 20 minutes (mean 14 minutes). Immediate CT scans confirmed that all the screws had been placed in the desired positions, none had penetrated the bones and the configuration of the sacroiliac joints had been satisfactorily restored and firmly fixed. No patient experienced numbness or radiating pain in the lower limbs during surgery. There were no postoperative vascular or neurological complications. Conclusion: The minimally invasive guide can eliminate discrepancies resulting from the surgeon's own sensory input when inserting screws under the guidance of CT, making percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation more accurate, safe and simple.     

Evaluation of vertical traction radiography for predicting the outcome of moderate to severe rigid scoliosis correction

Objective: To determine the efficacy of imaging patients in a state of traction (“traction imaging”) for selection of upper and lower vertebrae to undergo instrumentation (UIV and LIV, respectively) to correct moderate to severe, rigid scoliosis. Methods: Twenty‐seven patients aged 11–21 years (average, 15.5 years) who had been treated at our institution for scoliosis of the thoracic spine between 2004 and 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with the third multiple hook‐screw and rod instrumentation system. Standardized radiographic measurements (anteroposterior, sagittal, bending, fulcrum, traction) were taken and Cobb's angles, apical vertebra translation (AVT), and traction‐stable vertebrae determined. Results: All patients were followed for 6–36 months (average, 14.7 months). The Cobb's angles under preoperative vertical traction correlated positively with those measured postoperatively in standing anteroposterior film (P < 0.01). Preoperative AVT under vertical traction was significantly different from that measured postoperatively in standing anteroposterior film (P < 0.01). The traction radiography‐determined UIV slant angles were significantly different from those preoperatively without traction and the postoperative values, whereas traction radiography‐determined LIV values were not significantly different from those found preoperatively without traction (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Traction radiographic imaging is an effective, feasible preoperative assessment for determining which vertebrae are stable, designing the surgical strategy and choosing the UIV and LIV for correcting moderate to severe, rigid scoliosis.     

Functional MR imaging of kidneys in patients with lupus nephritis

Objective To evaluate the functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the assessment of renal involvement and pathological changes in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Seventeen patients with LN and 10 healthy controls underwent coronal echo?planar diffusion?weighted (DW) MR imaging and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MR imaging of the kidneys with a single breath?hold time of 16 s. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and R2* value of the kidneys were calculated with high b values (b=500 s/mm2). The correlation between the renal injury variables and the ADCs or R2* values was evaluated. Results The mean ADC value of kidneys in patients with LN was (2.43±0.24)×10-3 mm2/s, the mean R2* values of the renal cortex and medulla were (11.72±2.35)/s and (13.07±2.35)/s respectively, which were all significantly lower than those in volunteers (P=0.045,P=0.048 and P=0.001, respectively). In the patients with LN, the mean ADC values were positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=0.558, P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the ADC values of the right kidneys and pathological chronic indexes (r=-0.493, P<0.05). Moreover, the R2*values of the renal medulla were negatively correlated with 24 hours proteinuria, serum creatinine, pathological active indexes. The patients were assigned to group A (class Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, n=8) and group B (class Ⅴ+Ⅲ and Ⅴ+Ⅳ, n=9). The tubulointerstitial lesions in group B were more severe than those in group A, while the mean ADC values and R2* values of the renal cortex in group B were lower as compared to group A. Conclusion DW MR imaging and BOLD MR imaging may be used to non?invasively monitor the disease activity and evaluate the efficacy in lupus nephritis.     

案例分析法在护生护理核心制度培训中的应用

目的探讨案例分析法在护生护理核心制度培训中的应用效果。方法针对14项护理核心制度,由带教老师收集临床工作中相关案例,整编为实践情景案例和警示案例,并每月集中进行护理核心制度案例讨论分析,通过案例分析引导护生自我思考,促进护生对护理核心制度的理解、掌握和落实。结果护生对案例分析法培训的满意率达83.3%～95.5%;护生的护理核心制度理论考试合格率为90.9%;培训后护理差错发生数相对下降。结论应用案例分析教学法对护生进行护理核心制度培训,能够紧密将理论与实践结合起来,促进护生对核心制度的理解认识,使核心制度在工作中得到较好的落实。     

1例经鼻内镜鼻窦眼眶金属异物取出术患者的护理

对1例右侧鼻窦眼眶金属异物患者经鼻内镜鼻窦手术取出异物。结果术后1周,患者复查视力无明显改善,内镜检查双侧鼻腔通气良好,伤愈出院。提示术前准确定位,详细地给患者及其家属介绍病情,术后密切观察鼻腔渗血,做好气道湿化及口腔护理,可降低患者因失明所致的焦虑,促进患者康复。     

终末期肾病患者对护理专业性社会支持体验及期望的叙事研究

目的了解终末期肾病患者住院期间对护理人员提供社会支持的体验及需求,为护士实施全面有效的社会支持提供依据。方法采用立意抽样法选取14例终末期肾病住院患者为研究对象,采用半结构式访谈提纲进行深入访谈并按三维度叙事分析法进行转录和分析。结果患者住院期间感受到的护理专业性社会支持主要有:护理帮助支持、情感支持、沟通和信息支持;患者期望获得及时的评价支持,更多的情感支持,针对性、多样化的沟通信息支持。结论护理人员为终末期肾病患者提供专业性社会支持时应关注患者的期望,提升护理服务效能。     

痔吻合器治疗46例重度痔临床体会

目的 探讨吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）治疗痔的临床疗效。方法 总结46 例严重混合痔应用吻合器痔上黏膜环切术的临床资料,对其临床疗效进行评价。结果 46 例重度痔均一次性吻合成功,手术时间平均20 min,住院时间平均3.8d;随访平均13.4 个月,患者均无肛门失禁、肛门狭窄、肛周感染及复发。结论 吻合器痔上黏膜环切术治疗重度痔疗效确切、创伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、住院时间短、复发率低,值得临床推广。     

中国先天性双侧输精管缺如患者CFTR基因全部外显子突变检测

目的:探讨我国先天性双侧输精管缺如患者CFTR基因检测的必要性。方法:采用PCR技术结合DNA直接测序的方法检测9例先天性双侧输精管缺如患者CFTR基因全部外显子的突变情况,并在NCBI和Cystic Fibrosis Mutation Database在线比对。结果:除非编码区突变和已经报道的SNP位点之外,9例先天性双侧输精管缺如患者中4例新发现4种不同于西方人已知突变类型的外显子区突变,均为杂合子错义突变。结论:中国先天性双侧输精管缺如患者CFTR基因外显子区存在不同于西方人的突变,有必要对中国先天性双侧输精管缺如患者进行CFTR基因突变检测。     

The association of concurrent vitamin D and sex hormone deficiency with bone loss and fracture risk in older men: The osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) study

Low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (VitD), low sex hormones (SH), and high sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels are common in older men. We tested the hypothesis that combinations of low VitD, low SH, and high SHBG would have a synergistic effect on bone mineral density (BMD), bone loss, and fracture risk in older men. Participants were a random subsample of 1468 men (mean age 74 years) from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) plus 278 MrOS men with incident nonspine fractures studied in a case‐cohort design. “Abnormal” was defined as lowest quartile for VitD (<20 ng/mL), bioavailable testosterone (BioT, <163 ng/dL), and bioavailable estradiol (BioE, <11 pg/mL); and highest quartile for SHBG (>59 nM). Overall, 10% had isolated VitD deficiency; 40% had only low SH or high SHBG; 15% had both SH/SHBG and VitD abnormality; and 35% had no abnormality. Compared to men with all normal levels, those with both SH/SHBG and VitD abnormality tended to be older, more obese, and to report less physical activity. Isolated VitD deficiency, and low BioT with or without low VitD, was not significantly related to skeletal measures. The combination of VitD deficiency with low BioE and/or high SHBG was associated with significantly lower baseline BMD and higher annualized rates of hip bone loss than SH abnormalities alone or no abnormality. Compared to men with all normal levels, the multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for incident nonspine fracture during 4.6‐year median follow‐up was 1.2 (0.8–1.8) for low VitD alone; 1.3 (0.9–1.9) for low BioE and/or high SHBG alone; and 1.6 (1.1–2.5) for low BioE/high SHBG plus low VitD. In summary, adverse skeletal effects of low sex steroid levels were more pronounced in older men with low VitD levels. The presence of low VitD in the presence of low BioE/high SHBG may contribute substantially to poor skeletal health. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.