The introduction of treatment and the cultural adaptability of western psychotherapies for eating disorders in China

In the past 40 years, the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in China has shown an increasing trend, leading to an urgent need to develop efficient treatment modes and methods. Since the beginning of the new century, the diagnosis, treatment, and research of ED in China have been under development. This article gives an introduction and commentary on the treatment modes, treatment methods and their applications in ED in China. There are two main treatment forms for ED until now, that is, inpatient treatment and outpatient treatment. Inpatient treatment is recommended as the first choice. Since 2008, clinical psychotherapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and family-based treatment (FBT), which are effective for pathological symptoms of ED, have been introduced into China and developed clinically. Group CBT and group DBT for patients with ED and group FBT for caregivers might be the most efficient psychotherapy in China nowadays. A multi-family FBT support group could be developed as the basic treatment of ED patients. Although these new types of psychotherapy have observed effectiveness in clinical application, the Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) are rare and need to be developed.     

心脏直视手术围术期自体血回输335例的监护

0　引言　自体输血是采集患者体内血或回收自体失血,再输回同一患者,献血者与受血者为同一个体,既可以节约临床用血,减少患者费用,更重要是可以避免或减少同种输血传播感染性疾病.我科对335例体外循环心内直视手术患者实行自体血回输,收到较好的社会效益和经济效益.1　临床资料　1998-09/1999-02,我科心脏直视手术共445例,围术期采用自体输血335例,其中先心病226例,瓣膜手术59例,复杂心内畸形37例,冠心病、大血管13例,占同期体外循环心内直视手术75%.患者主要适应证:心脏及大血管外科手术,术前一般情况尚好,无肝、肾、呼吸功能障碍;术前检查…     

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase dramatically potentiates seizures induced by kainic acid and pilocarpine in rats

We investigated whether the severity of convulsions evoked by kainic acid and pilocarpine is modified in nitric oxide synthase inhibitor-treated rats. We found that chronic treatment (4 days) withN_w-nitro-l-arginine greatly potentiates seizures induced by both convulsants suggesting a potential role for nitric oxide in mechanisms regulating seizure induction and propagation.     

Characterization of a family with moderate hypercholesterolemia and binding defective low density lipoprotein

Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 (FDB) is a genetic disorder presenting with hypercholesterolemia and abnormal low density lipoprotein (LDL) that binds poorly to LDL receptors. This disease appears to be caused by a mutation in the apo B gene. In the present study thirteen members of a family with moderate hypercholesterolemia (250–350 mg/dl) were investigated. Biochemical studies on cultured skin fibroblasts ruled out classical familial hypercholesterolemia (receptor deficiency). LDL from nine affected members displayed, in an in vitro cell binding assay, a reduced affinity (2.5 fold) for the receptor, and had normal electrophoretic mobility, size and chemical composition. Lp(a) levels in family members were comparable to those present in normolipidemics and lower than those observed in primary hypercholesterolemia. The disorder is transmitted over three generations as an autosomal codominant trait and all the affected members are heterozygotes and hypercholesterolemic.Corresponding author.     

Stroma cells: a novel target of herceptin activity.

PURPOSE: Stroma cells play a relevant role in tumor development and progression. We investigated the activity of herceptin (HER), a humanized monoclonal antibody widely used for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing epithelial cancer, toward stroma cell lines L87/4 and L88/5. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We studied the antiproliferative potential of HER and role of human serum in HER activity. We also investigated the ability of HER to alter ancillary functions of L87/4 and L88/5, such as support to long-term hematopoiesis, growth factor production, breast cancer cell adhesion, and proliferation. RESULTS: Flow cytometry showed that HER2 membrane expression in L87/4 and L88/5 stroma cells was intermediate between the expression in HER2-negative/dim MCF-7 breast cancer cells and HER2-bright SK-BC3 breast cancer cells. HER2 gene amplification was not detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in either stromal cell lines. HER significantly inhibited L87/4 and L88/5 proliferation. Mean ID(50)s were found to be 2000 and 1700 micro g/ml for L87/4 and L88/5, respectively, after 3-day exposure and 800 micro g/ml for both cell lines after 9-day exposure. The presence of 10% human serum in the culture increased HER inhibitory activity. IC(50) of stroma cells was found to be intermediate between HER2-bright breast cancer cells (SK-BC3) and HER2-negative/dim breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The drug did not significantly affect the ability of stroma cells to support long-term hematopoiesis in the cobblestone area forming cell assay. In contrast, in coculture assay, MCF7 cells demonstrated a worse adhesion and growth capability on HER-treated stroma layers when compared with untreated stroma. Moreover, HER significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor production by L88/5 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the novel finding that HER may have a relevant activity against stroma cells.     

Surgery of large ventral hernias. Personal experience in 1990-1997

BACKGROUND: The surgical treatment of large wall defects conventionally defined as an extension over 10 cm is discussed. The difficulty to contain the bowels that have lost law of domicile in the abdominal hollow, constitutes motive for notable increase of the endo-abdominal Pressure with serious consequences in the postoperative course and this leads to the use of prothesis meshes that allow the closing of the abdominal hollow with the Tension-Free technique. METHODS: Personal experience embraces 45 patients, with large wall defects, divided into 21 patients with overumbilical location, 14 with umbilical location, 10 with periumbelical location; a simple suture has been used in 7 cases, the reconstruction of the wall according to Stoppa in 36 cases and the apposition of Goretex net internally and Marlex net externally in 2 cases. RESULTS: There have been neither mortality, neither recidivists of illness, but only some complications: 9 cases of superficial infection, 1 case of intestinal occlusion and 2 of subcutaneous seroma. CONCLUSIONS: According to their experience and wide literature review, the authors draw some conclusions: an accurate toilet and a careful evaluation of the respiratory functionality are fundamental; it's necessary to postpone surgical intervention in presence of local inflammation and, where this is improrogable it's opportune to avoid the use of prothesis meshes or refold on readsorbible prothesis; special care must be taken to the hemostasis and an aspirative drain for 24-48 hrs preserves from the risk of postoperative hematomas and following local infections. The submuscular mesh permits a Tension-Free suture and for this reason it would have nowdays a more extensive use. Finally it's pointed out the choice of a PTFEe mesh in contact with the intestinal skein.     

Modulation of dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde extracellular levels in vivo in the rat striatum after different kinds of pharmacological treatment

We recently identified the direct product of dopamine (DA) by monoamine-oxidase (MAO) activity, dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPALD) in the trans-striatal dialysate. Based on these findings, in this work, we directly measured the variations in DOPALD levels after various kinds of pharmacological treatment in rat striatal extracellular fluid. Using both reversible and irreversible MAO inhibitors, we found that MAO-A inhibition suppressed, whereas MAO-B inhibition did not modify DOPALD levels in the dialysate. The vesicular DA uptake blocker Ro 4-1284 led to an increase in extracellular DA and DOPALD, whereas the increase in extracellular DA obtained after administration of the plasma membrane DA uptake blocker GBR-12909 occurred without concomitant changes in DOPALD extracellular levels. Microinfusions of DA through the dialysis probe or systemic administration of L-DOPA increased striatal DOPALD to a greater extent compared with other DA metabolites, both in intact and in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned striatum. This study indicates that the direct product of MAO activity within the rat striatum derives from the activity of the isoenzyme MAO-A. The assay of DOPALD, together with DOPAC, represents a reliable tool to measure directly, in freely moving animals, DA oxidative metabolism. As recent studies have shown that microinfusions of exogenous DOPALD might induce cell death, pharmacological modulation of DOPALD levels might also be relevant for an understanding of the mechanisms involved in DA neurotoxicity.     

应用改进的眼震图检查先天性眼球震颤

目的评价改进后的眼震图对先天性眼球震颤波形的分析,为其手术治疗提供较为精确的量化标准.方法改进电生理仪的视网膜电图(EOG)程序,分别记录68例患者33cm原在位、右5°、10°、15°、20°,左5°、10°、15°、20°,3m原在位及闭眼的波形,并对其中28例手术患者术前和术后的眼震图进行比较.结果68例患者中,跳动型48例,其中水平跳动46例,垂直跳动2例;水平钟摆型20例.跳动型中,有代偿头位的40例,钟摆型无明显代偿头位.28例手术患者中,水平跳动型26例,水平钟摆型2例.26例跳动型患者均有中间位和代偿头位.术后20例代偿头位消失,6例代偿头位在左5°～10°.按震频、振幅、震强的分组中,处于中等震频、振幅、震强范围内的多见.结论改进的眼震图可以对眼震的振幅、震频、震强、中间位进行量化的检测,从而指导其治疗.