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41.
Dietary polyamines promote the growth of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in rat colon 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
We have examined whether dietary polyamines influence the formation and
initial growth of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in
rat colon. Effects of a combination of dietary polyamines at three dose
levels (putrescine: 50, 280, 740 nmol/g; spermidine: 10, 261, 763 nmol/g;
spermine: 1, 31, 91 nmol/g) in the polyamine-poor AIN-76A diet were studied
in animals in two different experimental situations: animals treated with
AOM alone and animals treated with AOM + difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a
specific inhibitor of endogenous polyamine synthesis. In both experimental
situations, dietary polyamines enhanced the growth of ACF, expressed as the
number of large ACF (foci with three or more aberrant crypts, ACF > or =
3), whereas the formation of ACF, expressed as the number of ACF, was
apparently not altered. In animals treated with AOM alone, maximal growth
enhancing effect on ACF was nearly obtained with the median level of
dietary polyamine. In rats fed a low polyamine diet, basic AIN-76A, DFMO
reduced the growth of AOM-induced ACF by 83%. This inhibitory effect of
DFMO was counteracted by dietary polyamines in a dose- dependent manner,
and it was abolished at the highest level of polyamines. In conclusion, it
was demonstrated that dietary polyamines are able to enhance the growth of
AOM-induced ACF. Further, dietary polyamines reversed the DFMO-caused
inhibition of ACF growth, probably by compensating for the DFMO-reduced
endogenous polyamine synthesis.
相似文献
42.
Hansen LA; Malarkey DE; Wilkinson JE; Rosenberg M; Woychik RE; Tennant RW 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(10):1837-1845
We previously reported that papillomas can arise from the follicular
epithelium of v-Ha-ras transgenic TGxAC mice. Since the viable-yellow
mutation (A(vy)) of the mouse agouti gene which regulates coat color
pigmentation by acting within the micro-environment of the hair follicle
has been shown to function as a tumor promoter in the liver, we
hypothesized that it may also play a role in TGxAC skin tumorigenesis.
Endogenous agouti protein product was detected in the outer root sheath of
anagen hair follicles following plucking of the hair shaft, but not in the
interfollicular epithelium, in TGxAC mice on an FVB/N genetic background.
It was also detected in papillomas from these mice produced by
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment or plucking.
Expression of the A(vy) allele in the v-Ha-ras transgenic TGxAC mouse line
results in an approximately 2-fold increase in papilloma development
compared with controls which did not carry the A(vy) allele following
twice-weekly treatment with 1.25, 2.5 or 5.0 microg TPA. In addition,
TPA-treated, papilloma-bearing F1 mice which carried the A(vy) allele, but
not F1 mice which did not carry the A(vy) allele, exhibited a syndrome of
humoral hypercalcemia mediated by parathyroid hormone-related protein
(PTHrP) that led to weight loss, hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Thus,
we conclude that the A(vy) allele can influence the development of skin
tumors and PTHrP-mediated humoral hypercalcemia in v-Ha-ras transgenic
TGxAC mice.
相似文献
43.
John A. Cornell 《Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics》2013,23(2):303-329
In pharmaceutical studies it is often necessary to dissolve a slightly polar drug in a mixture of water and one or more cosolvents, such as ethanol, glycerol, and propylene glycol, to increase the drug's solubility. It is also of interest to knowwhether a maximum in the solubility profile of the drug exists in the mixture of solvents and if so, where. Scheffé-type models are particular forms of polynomial equations that can be used with variables that are expressed as proportions of the total mixture. These models are simple in form, yet are extremely versatile in terms of modeling the linear and nonlinear blending properties of the constituents in the mixtures. Several data sets are presented to illustratethe fitting of the Scheffé-type models for modeling the solubility of multisolvent systems. 相似文献
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The potential impact of subvisible particles (SVPs) in protein therapeutic products has received a great deal of attention recently. As a result, new analytical methods have emerged to characterize and quantify SVPs. Among these, flow imaging (also called flow microscopy) has been widely employed. As we have used both FlowCAM® and Micro-Flow Imaging? in a variety of development projects, we wished to share our experiences and observations, with the intention of fostering a discussion that will lead to best practices for the use of flow imaging to quantify SVP levels in biopharmaceuticals. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 102:1133–1134, 2013 相似文献
48.
William N. Williams Leonard L. LaPointe Parker E. Mahan Carol E. Cornell 《Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice》2013,31(2):119-124
In this study the authors temporarily altered sensation around the upper and lower front teeth as well as within the temporomandibular joints of 12 subjects. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of such impairment by comparing bite force discrimination scores obtained under these experimental conditions with scores obtained under a normal non-anesthetized condition. A specially designed strain gauge scale was constructed for the measurement of incisor bite force. The subjects' abilities to discriminate differences in their biting forces were assessed under the following four experimental conditions: 1. Normal (no anesthetization). 2. Regional block to the upper and lower anterior teeth. 3. Bilateral regional block of the TMJs. 4. A combination regional block of the anterior teeth and the TMJs. Bite force discrimination was found to be significantly impaired (P<.05) only in the two conditions in which the teeth were anesthetized. These findings suggest that the periodontal ligament (PDL) provides sensory feedback relative to bite force discrimination whereas the TMJs do not. 相似文献
49.
William N. Williams Leonard L. LaPointe Parker E. Mahan Carol E. Cornell 《Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice》2013,31(2):133-137
This study investigates the influence of jaw movement on bite force discrimination by comparing subjects' performances during static and dynamic conditions. The authors had hypothesized that exerting bite force with mandibular movement might activate the dynamic sensory receptors within the TMJs and the proprioceptors in the jaw elevator muscles. This might then allow for finer discriminations in performance than would be possible under a condition of static bite force involving no jaw movement. The results, however, revealed no significant difference in bite force discrimination between the two conditions. 相似文献
50.
Thomas Rutledge Tanya S. Kenkre Diane V. Thompson Vera A. Bittner Kerry Whittaker Jo-Ann Eastwood Wafia Eteiba Carol E. Cornell David S. Krantz Carl J. Pepine B. Delia Johnson Eileen M. Handberg C. Noel Bairey Merz 《Journal of behavioral medicine》2016,39(4):687-693
This paper evaluated long-term associations between psychosocial factors and premature mortality among women with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). We tracked total mortality events over a median 9.3 years in a cohort of 517 women [baseline mean age = 58.3 (11.4) years]. Baseline evaluations included coronary angiography, psychosocial testing, and CAD risk factors. Measures included the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, self-rated health, and Social Network Index. Cox regression analysis was used to assess relationships. Covariates included age, CAD risk factors, and CAD severity. BDI scores (HR 1.09, 95 % CI 1.02–1.15), STAI scores (HR .86, 95 % CI .78–.93), and very good self-rated health (relative to the poor self-rated health group; HR .33, 95 % CI .12–.96) each independently predicted time to mortality outcomes in the combined model. SNI scores (HR .91, 95 % CI .81–1.06) and other self-rated health categories (i.e., fair, good, and excellent categories) were not significant mortality predictors after adjusting for other psychosocial factors. These results reinforce and extend prior psychosocial research in CAD populations. 相似文献