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11.
Serving personnel of Armed Forces admitted with tuberculosis between Apr 1996–1999 were evaluated for co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV. Sixty (1.06%) of tuberculosis patients were found to be HIV positive. Initial test was done by spot kits and subsequently confirmed by ELISA on two different samples. Majority of the cases were in sexually active age group 48 (80%). Alcohol and smoking was associated in 80% cases. Thirty six (60%) were sputum smear positive for AFB. Twenty eight (46.7%) gave history of exposure to sex workers. Family members were not available for study. Sero prevalence of HIV in association with tuberculosis is less in Armed Forces compared to civil population.KEY WORDS: HIV, Seroprevalence, Tuberculosis 相似文献
12.
DANIEL KK NG POK-YU CHOW WAI-PING LAI KIT-CHING CHAN BO-LING TSANG AND HANG-YIN SO 《Pediatrics international》2006,48(2):158-162
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an intensive asthma education program (group B) with that of a standard asthma education program (group A). METHODS: A prospective randomized single blinded study was conducted in the pediatric department of a public hospital in Hong Kong. Children aged 2-15 years admitted to the pediatric department with an acute attack of asthma were recruited. A standard asthma education program (group A) or an intensive asthma education program (group B) for children were offered. The main outcome measures include the number of visits to the emergency department and the number of hospitalization for asthma during the 3 month follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 45 children were in group A and 55 in group B. Group B had statistically significant reductions in the number of visits to the emergency department and the number of hospitalizations. Drug compliance was also significantly improved in group B. Parents' satisfaction rate was also higher in group B. CONCLUSION: The intensive asthma education program might be more cost effective than the standard asthma education program in the management of asthmatic children admitted to hospital in Hong Kong. 相似文献
13.
14.
Cytogenomic and phenotypic analysis in low‐level monosomy 7 mosaicism with non‐supernumerary ring chromosome 7 下载免费PDF全文
Consuelo Salas‐Labadía David E. Cervantes‐Barragán Roberto Cruz‐Alcívar Robert D. Daber Laura K. Conlin Laura D. Leonard Nancy B. Spinner Carola Durán‐McKinster David J. Dávila‐Ortíz de Montellano Victoria Del Castillo‐Ruiz Patricia Pérez‐Vera 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2014,164(7):1765-1769
15.
Mutations in the Ca(2+)-sensing receptor gene cause autosomal dominant and sporadic hypoparathyroidism 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Baron J; Winer KK; Yanovski JA; Cunningham AW; Laue L; Zimmerman D; Cutler GB Jr 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(5):601-606
Parathyroid hormone secretion is negatively regulated by a 7- transmembrane
domain, G-protein coupled Ca(2+)-sensing receptor. We hypothesized that
activating mutations in this receptor might cause autosomal dominant
hypoparathyroidism (ADHP). Consistent with this hypothesis, we identified,
in two families with ADHP, heterozygous missense mutations in the
Ca(2+)-sensing receptor gene that cosegregated with the disorder. None of
50 normal controls had either mutation. We also identified a de novo,
missense Ca(2+)-sensing receptor mutation in a child with severe sporadic
hypoparathyroidism. The amino acid substitution in one ADHP family affected
the N-terminal, extracellular domain of the receptor. The other mutations
involved the transmembrane region. Unlike patients with acquired
hypoparathyroidism, patients with these mutations had hypercalciuria even
at low serum calcium concentrations. Their greater hypercalciuria
presumably reflected activation of Ca(2+)-sensing receptors in kidney
cells, where the receptor negatively regulates calcium reabsorption. This
augmented hypercalciuria increases the risk of renal complications and thus
has implications for the choice of therapy.
相似文献
16.
Conlin PR 《International journal of clinical practice》2005,59(2):214-224
Antihypertensive efficacy must be redefined beyond blood pressure (BP) lowering per se to include reducing the cardiovascular complications of hypertension. Treatment decisions should be based on results from large clinical trials with relevant clinical outcomes. Several recent morbidity and mortality trials with angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIAs) provide an evidence-based rationale for the use of AIIAs in patients with hypertension. Studies with AIIAs in comparison to conventional antihypertensive agents showed improved morbidity and mortality outcomes in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (losartan) and diabetes mellitus (losartan and irbesartan). Trials with some members of the AIIA class (candesartan and valsartan) have not demonstrated such benefits in comparison to conventional agents, possibly due to differences in BP control during the trials. The results of these AIIA outcome trials have impacted on recently issued clinical guidelines for management of hypertension. 相似文献
17.
In vivo expression of the B7 costimulatory molecule by subsets of antigen-presenting cells and the malignant cells of Hodgkin's disease 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Munro JM; Freedman AS; Aster JC; Gribben JG; Lee NC; Rhynhart KK; Banchereau J; Nadler LM 《Blood》1994,83(3):793-798
The B-lymphocyte/accessory-cell activation antigen B7 (BB1) has been shown in vitro to stimulate T-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production via CD28 present on the latter cells. In this study, benign lymphoid tissues, lymphomas, and extralymphoid inflammatory sites were examined immunohistochemically using anti-B7 and other relevant monoclonal antibodies. B7 was expressed by benign transformed germinal center B cells, as it was by B cells of follicular lymphomas. B7 was also expressed by a subpopulation (a mean of 31% to 65%) of macrophages and dendritic cells in a variety of lymphoid tissues. It was present in abundance on all macrophages constituting sarcoid granulomas in lymph nodes. In extralymphoid inflammation, 17% to 35% of macrophages expressed B7 only weakly. Cases of Hodgkin's disease showed expression of B7 by the majority of Reed-Sternberg cells or malignant mononuclear variants, a phenomenon that potentially contributes to the lymphocytic accumulation that is a feature of this condition. CD28+ T cells were seen in all areas where T cells were present. B7+ and CD28+ cells colocalized in, for example, lymphoid follicles, lymph node paracortex, sarcoid granulomas, and Hodgkin's disease tissue, indicating a potential for cellular interaction via these molecules at these sites. 相似文献
18.
Haydee C. Verduzco-Aguirre Dilip Babu Supriya G. Mohile Javier Bautista Huiwen Xu Eva Culakova Beverly Canin Yingzi Zhang Megan Wells Ronald M. Epstein Paul Duberstein Colin McHugh William Dale Alison Conlin James Bearden Jeffrey Berenberg Mohamedtaki Tejani Kah Poh Loh 《Journal of pain and symptom management》2021,61(2):369-376.e1
ContextOlder adults with advanced cancer face uncertainty related to their disease and treatment.ObjectivesTo evaluate the associations of uncertainty with psychological health and quality of life (QoL) in older adults with advanced cancer.MethodsSecondary cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a national clustered geriatric assessment trial. Patients 70 years and older with advanced cancer considering a new line of chemotherapy were recruited. We measured uncertainty using the modified nine-item Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale. Dependent variables included anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Generalized Depression Scale-15), distress (distress thermometer), QoL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General), and emotional well-being (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General subscale). We used multivariate linear regression analyses to evaluate the association of uncertainty with each dependent variable. We conducted a partial least squares analysis with a variable importance in projection (VIP) plot to assess the contribution of individual variables to the model. Variables with a VIP <0.8 were considered less influential.ResultsWe included 527 patients (median age 76 years; range 70–96). In multivariate analyses, higher levels of uncertainty were significantly associated with greater anxiety (β = 0.11; SE = 0.04), depression (β = 0.09; SE = 0.02), distress (β = 0.12; SE = 0.02), as well as lower QoL (β = ?1.08; SE = 0.11) and emotional well-being (β = ?0.29; SE = 0.03); the effect sizes were considered small. Uncertainty items related to disease and treatment were most strongly associated with psychological health and QoL scores (all VIP >0.8).ConclusionUncertainty among older patients with advanced cancer is associated with worse psychological health and QoL. Tailored uncertainty management strategies are warranted. 相似文献
19.
Jeremy YC Teoh Steffi KK Yuen James HL Tsu Charles KW Wong Brian SH Ho Ada TL Ng Wai-Kit Ma Kwan-Lun Ho Ming-Kwong Yiu 《Asian journal of andrology》2015,17(5):821-825
We investigated the prostate cancer detection rates upon transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy in relation to digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and risk factors of prostate cancer detection in the Chinese population. Data from all consecutive Chinese men who underwent first TRUS-guided prostate biopsy from year 2000 to 2013 was retrieved from our database. The prostate cancer detection rates with reference to DRE finding and PSA level of < 4, 4–10, 10.1–20, 20.1–50 and > 50 ng ml−1 were investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate for potential risk factors of prostate cancer detection. A total of 2606 Chinese men were included. In patients with normal DRE, the cancer detection rates were 8.6%, 13.4%, 21.8%, 41.7% and 85.2% in patients with PSA < 4, 4–10, 10.1–20, 20.1–50 and > 50 ng ml−1 respectively. In patients with abnormal DRE, the cancer detection rates were 12.4%, 30.2%, 52.7%, 80.6% and 96.4% in patients with PSA < 4, 4–10, 10.1–20, 20.1–50 and > 50 ng ml−1 respectively. Older age, smaller prostate volume, larger number of biopsy cores, presence of abnormal DRE finding and higher PSA level were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer detection upon multivariate logistic regression analyses (P < 0.001). Chinese men appeared to have lower prostate cancer detection rates when compared to the Western population. Taking the different risk factors into account, an individualized approach to the decision of TRUS-guided biopsy can be adopted. 相似文献
20.
Lin Zhang Joseph JY Sung Jun Yu Siew C Ng Sunny H Wong Chi H Cho Simon SM Ng Francis KL Chan William KK Wu 《The Journal of pathology》2014,233(2):103-112
Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) account for roughly 80% and 10%, respectively, of gastric carcinomas worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and intricately regulated cellular process that involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles into double‐membrane autophagosomes that eventually fuse with lysosomes for degradation of the engulfed content. Emerging evidence indicates that xenophagy, a form of selective autophagy, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori‐ and EBV‐induced gastric cancer. Xenophagy specifically recognizes intracellular H. pylori and EBV and physically targets these pathogens to the autophagosomal–lysosomal pathway for degradation. In this connection, H. pylori or EBV‐induced dysregulation of autophagy may be causally linked to gastric tumourigenesis and therefore can be exploited as therapeutic targets. This review will discuss how H. pylori and EBV infection activate autophagy and how these pathogens evade recognition and degradation by the autophagic pathway. Elucidating the molecular aspects of H. pylori‐ and EBV‐induced autophagy will help us better understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and promote the development of autophagy modulators as antimicrobial agents. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 相似文献