经左颈静脉肝内门腔静脉支架分流术（附12例报告）

为解决肝硬变门脉高压患者在经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉支架分流术中右颈静脉窄或闭的难题，我们做了经左颈静脉途径完成肝内门腔分流术的尝试。自１９９３年７月至１９９５年８月，共１７８例ＴＩＰＳＳ操作中发现１２例右颈静脉狭窄或闭塞。其方法为经左颈内静脉穿刺、插管入路。     

镉对小鼠免疫功能的影响

采用单只动物多项免疫功能检测法,观察了小鼠在免疫后,不同时间一次灌胃30mg/kg氯化镉(CdCl_2)及反复多次灌胃不同剂量的CdCl_2,对小鼠免疫器官重量,迟发型变态反应(DTH),抗体形成细胞(IgM-PFC)及抗体滴度的影响。结果表明:反复多次灌胃4.8 mg/kg CdCl_2对小鼠DTH有明显抑制作用,提示CdCl_2对动物免疫功能有一定影响。     

小儿胃膀胱扩大成形术

采用胃膀胱扩大成形术，用于小儿下尿路再建以保护上尿路，控制尿失禁并评价其疗效。３例女性患儿（平均年龄９岁）行带血管蒂胃组织片膀胱扩大成形术。术后随访８个月至２年。３例患儿膀胱容量从术前２０～３０ｍｌ增至２５０～３００ｍｌ，２例排尿控制满意，１例能部分控制排尿。上尿路功能改善２例，稳定１例。血浆电解质成分无改变。胃组织的解剖及代谢特点使胃膀胱扩大成形术不失为小儿下尿路再建的一个重要方法。     

双酚胺酸对小鼠和大鼠氯化镍解毒及分布的影响

AIM: To study the effect of catecholamic acid (CBMIDA) on detoxication of NiCl2. METHODS: Mice and rats were injected s.c. or i.m. CBMIDA immediately after i.p. NiCl2. Each mouse was injected i.p. CBMIDA after i.v. 63NiCl2 185 kBq, and radioactivities of various tissues were measured with liquid scintillation counter at 24 h. The localization of 63Ni was shown by the whole-body autoradiography. RESULTS: CBMIDA s.c. 0.5-1.5 g.kg-1 markedly reduced the mortality from acute poisoning of i.p. NiCl2 500 mg.kg-1. After i.p. NiCl2 in mice, the LD50 was 82.7 mg.kg-1. Mice were injected s.c. CBMIDA 1.5 or 2.5 g.kg-1 after Ni poisoning, the LD50 of NiCl2 were raised to 789 or 820 mg.kg-1, respectively. The LD50 of NiCl2 was 39 mg.kg-1 in rat. If CBMIDA was injected i.m. 0.5 g.kg-1 after i.p. NiCl2, the LD50 was 332 mg.kg-1. CBMIDA 1.5 g.kg-1 i.m. after i.v. 63NiCl2, decreased the contents of 63Ni in blood and lung of mice vs control mice at 24 h. The contents of 63Ni in brain, heart, spleen, and kidney were similar to those of the control mice. The content of 63Ni in bone was more than the control. The excretions of 63Ni through urine and feces were not increased by CBMIDA at 24 h. The whole-body autoradiography showed that the radioactivity was highly localized in the kidney, lung, and Harder's gland. There was a moderate level of 63Ni in the liver, bone, skin, and blood. A pronounced accumulation occurred in the bone. There was a marked reduction of 63Ni in the lung, skin, liver, and blood after i.p. CBMIDA. CONCLUSION: The CBMIDA markedly raised the survival rate of nickel-poisoned mice and rats, and decreased 63Ni levels in lung and blood.     

MR monitoring of MR-guided radiofrequency thermal ablation of normal liver in an animal model

The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of MRI to accurately detect radiofrequency (RF) thermoablative lesions created under MR guidance. In vivo RF lesions were created in the livers of six New Zealand White rabbits using a 2-mm-diameter titanium alloy RF electrode with a 20-mm exposed tip and a 50-W RF generator. This was performed using a 0.2T clinical C-arm MR imager for guidance and monitoring. Each animal was sacrificed and gross evaluation was performed. Histologic correlation was performed on the first two animals. The MR-compatible RF electrode was easily identified on rapid gradient-echo images used to guide electrode placement. A single lesion was created in each rabbit liver. Lesions ranged from approximately 10 to 17 mm in diameter (mean, 13.5 mm). T2-weighted and short T1 inversion recovery (STIR) images demonstrated lesions ranging in diameter from 12 to 18 mm (mean, 14.6 mm). Lesion dimensions determined from images closely correlated with those determined at gross examination with the discrepancy never exceeding 2 mm, for an r² value of .87. MRI performed at the time of MR-guided RF ablation accurately demonstrated created lesions. This modality may provide a new option for the treatment of local and regional neoplastic disease.     

Whole-Body [18F]FDG PET in the Management of Metastatic Brain Tumours

Summary Background To determine its roles in the diagnosis and the systemic evaluation of metastatic brain tumours, whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) using [¹⁸F]FDG was performed in 20 consecutive patients. Methods  All patients were thought to be suffering or needing to be differentiated from metastatic brain tumours. Nine patients had multiple brain lesions; six were older and showed a rim-enhancing lesion with surrounding oedema; seven had homogeneously enhancing periventricular lesion(s) on computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, thought to be central nervous system lymphomas. Two patients had skull mass(es) and two patients had a solid mass suspected to be, respectively, a haemorrhagic metastasis and a metastatic malignant melanoma. All of them received whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET and conventional systemic work-up for metastasis in order to compare the results of the two methods. Results  Metastatic brain tumours were diagnosed on whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET in eleven patients who had extracranial and intracranial hypermetabolic lesions. In nine of these, a conventional work-up also detected primary lesions which on whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET were seen to be hypermetabolic foci. Systemic lymph node metastases were detected by whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET only in two patients and histological diagnosis was possible by biopsy of lymph nodes rather than of brain lesions. In the remaining nine patients who had only intracranial hypermetabolic foci, histological diagnosis was made by craniotomy or stereotactic biopsy. It was confirmed that seven of nine patients were suffering from a primary brain tumour and two from metastatic carcinoma. None of the nine showed evidence of systemic cancer on conventional work-up. Histological diagnoses of the primary brain tumours were four cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma and one each of multifocal glioblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and cavernous angioma.  Patients felt no discomfort during the whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET procedure and there were no complications. The false negative rate in [¹⁸F]FDG PET and in conventional work-up was 15.4% and 30.7% respectively. There were no false positives on either [¹⁸F]FDG PET or conventional work-up. Conclusion  It is suggested that whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET is a safe, reliable, and convenient method for the diagnosis and systemic evaluation of patients thought to be suffering or needing to be differentiated from a metastatic brain tumour.     

超液化碘油混合抗癌药物栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌

本文报告超液化碘油混合抗癌药物经皮肝动脉栓塞治疗51例中晚期肝癌。术后50例临床病情改善,治疗2次后肿瘤显著缩小(>50%)16例,中度缩小(20～50%)21例,轻度缩小(<20%)7例;5例为弥漫型难以判定肿块大小,另2例未复查。所有肿瘤缩小的病例均可见肿瘤血管减少。治疗后3个月、6个月、9个月和1年以上生存率分别为100%、82.4%、59.8%和23.5%,其中生存期大于9个月者均为团块型或多结节型。     

不同状态人体牙槽骨的弹性性质

人体下颌牙槽骨皮质骨是各向异性复合生物材料,组织结构上类似于胶原羟磷灰石纤维增强的单向纤维增强复合材料。本文应用电测法测试了不同状态人体下颌牙槽骨皮质骨在平面应力状态下的各向异性弹性常数。     

特发性肌炎免疫机制研究及临床意义

目的探讨多发性肌炎（PM）和皮肌炎（DM）患者骨胳肌组织损伤的免疫机制及临床意义。方法应用免疫荧光一步法和免疫组化SP法分析25例PM／DM肌组织中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、补体C3和浸润肌组织单核细胞的分布与定位。结果PM和DM肌组织中IgG、IgM、C3的阳性率分别为60％、33．3％、20％和70％、40％、50％，以IgG为主（P＜0．05），分布于肌组织血管壁、肌膜和肌浆中，补体C3在DM血管壁的分布有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；80％PM和7O％DM肌组织有单核细胞浸润，PM以T淋巴细胞为主，Ia＋活化TS细胞占多数，主要分布于肌内衣，DM以B淋巴细胞为主，多分布在肌柬衣血管周围。结论免疫反应在PM和DM发病机理中占重要地位，PM以T细胞介导的细胞毒作用为主，DM以体液免疫特别是补体介导的血管损害为主。     

4种不同类型白血病细胞中磷脂的分析

通过对正常白细胞及４种不同类型白血病细胞中磷脂的分析表明，４种不同类型白血病细胞中磷脂含量均高于正常白细胞。其中，以磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酰胆碱的增高尤为明显，很可能在白血病细胞中、这两种磷脂的增高参与了与蛋白激酶Ｃ相关的细胞癌变的某种反应。