异常形态精子对植入前胚胎发育和妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨异常形态精子(畸形率≥98%)对植入前胚胎发育及妊娠结局的影响。方法采用回顾性队列研究,分析2017年1～12月在唐都医院妇产科生殖医学中心行ART助孕的2 419例患者临床资料,根据异常形态精子分为3组,即IVF对照组(畸形率≤96%,n=2 129)、IVF实验组(畸形率≥98%,n=90)和ICSI实验组(畸形率≥98%,n=200)。比较3组间植入前受精失败率(受精率<30%)、正常受精率、可用胚胎率等胚胎发育参数和着床率、临床妊娠率、流产率及活产率等妊娠结局的差异。结果 (1)胚胎发育结果:组间比较,IVF实验组受精失败率显著高于IVF对照组(P<0.05),ICSI实验组的受精失败率为0;ICSI实验组正常受精率显著高于IVF对照组和IVF实验组(P<0.05);IVF实验组可用胚胎率显著低于IVF对照组和ICSI实验组(P<0.05)。(2)妊娠结局:单因素分析结果显示,与IVF对照组、ICSI实验组相比,IVF实验组的着床率、临床妊娠率、流产发生率和活产率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);IVF对照组和ICSI实验组组间妊娠结局指...     

极端气温对淄博市居民非意外死亡和寿命损失年的影响

目的 探讨极端气温对非意外死亡数和早死所致的寿命损失年(YLL)的影响,以期为疾病预防控制以及卫生决策提供科学参考。方法 收集和整理2015至2019年山东省淄博市逐日非意外死亡资料和气象资料,计算逐日YLL,采用分布滞后非线性模型(DLNM)分析极端低温和极端高温[分别定义为研究期间日均气温分布的第2.5(-4.2℃)和97.5百分位数(29.1℃)]对非意外死亡数和YLL的滞后效应,并识别脆弱人群。结果 研究期间,淄博市共报告了144 310例非意外死亡,YLL为1 886 493年。极端低温对非意外死亡的影响具有一定的滞后性,单日和累积滞后效应分别在暴露第4和21天最大[死亡的相对危险度(RR)分别为1.05(95%CI:1.04～1.07)和1.23(95%CI:1.10～1.39);YLL的变化值分别为56.51(95%CI:37.92～75.11)和259.55(95%CI:116.45～402.65)年];极端高温的影响较为短促,单日和累积滞后效应分别在暴露当天和第7天最大[死亡的RR分别为1.19(95%CI:1.15～1.24)和1.45(95%CI:1.34～1.5...     

焦虑障碍的注意偏向特点及其与认知风格、人格特质的相关性

目的：探讨焦虑障碍患者对负性刺激的注意偏向特点,并分析其与认知风格和人格特质的相关性。方法：运用点探测范式和心理问卷分别对36例焦虑障碍患者和36例正常者进行评估,比较2组注意偏向、认知风格和人格特质的差异;比较不同性别焦虑障碍患者负性注意偏向分数的差异;比较社交焦虑症和广泛性焦虑症的负性注意偏向分数的差异;分析注意偏向、认知风格和人格特质的相关性。结果：焦虑组和对照组负性注意偏向分数、注意警觉分数的差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）,正确率差异分数、注意解 除分数的差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。焦虑组和对照组自动思维得分、功能失调态度得分、艾森克人格N维度得分的差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。男性和女性焦虑障碍患者注意解除分数的差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。社交焦虑症和广泛性焦虑症负性注意偏向分数、正确率差异分数、注意警觉分数、注意解除分数的差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。功能失调态度与负性注意偏向分数（r =0.383）、注意警觉（r =0.204）呈显著正相关（P ＜0.05）;注意偏向分数、注意警觉分数与自动思维、艾森克N维度得分无相关性（P ＞0.05）。正确率差异分数、注意解除分数与自动思维、功能失调态度得分、与艾森克人格N维度得分无相关性（P ＞0.05）。结论：焦虑障碍患者存在对负性刺激的注意偏向,主要表现为注意警觉,该注意偏向存在性别差异,且与认知风格相关。     

基于中国知网的国内助产教育研究热点与趋势可视化分析

目的　分析近20年我国助产教育研究现状、发展趋势及前沿热点。方法　以"助产教育"OR"助产教学"为主题,检索中国知网数据库中2001年至2021年期刊文献。运用CiteSpace 5.7R5软件对其进行可视化分析,并生成知识图谱。结果　本研究共纳入中文文献548篇,年度发文量呈整体上升趋势;国内助产教育研究领域已形成明显核心团队,核心作者群间合作较少;《卫生职业教育》《中华护理教育》《中国高等医学教育》是载文量前3的杂志;关键词聚类显示频次最高的6个主题依次是助产专业、助产人员、助产教育、实践教学、分娩方式、教学模式,形成了助产教育等10个聚类群;我国助产教育领域研究前期多为临床技能教学、结构性考核、教学模式等研究,近3年逐渐转变为模拟教学、翻转课堂、产后康复等方面。结论　我国助产教育研究范围较广且形成明显核心团队,但相关性较弱且研究团队间交流合作较少,高层次助产教育领域研究不足。助产教育者和研究者应给予足够重视,对相关方面展开深入研究。     

Treatment of retroperitoneal echinococcosis: the experience of a single center

Retroperitoneal echinococcosis (RE) is a rare condition that is associated with a high mortality and disability rate. It is associated with a high rate of misdiagnosis, a high risk of surgery, and is extremely difficult to manage. There is no uniform standard for determining the exact form of surgical method and the timing of surgery.This was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics and surgical management of patients diagnosed with RE in our hospital between 2012 and 2019.Between 2012 and 2019, 1257 cases of echinococcosis and 121 cases of RE were diagnosed in our hospital. Of these, 68 cases involved surgical treatment, 53 involved non-surgical treatment, and 12 cases were lost to follow-up (4 cases in the surgical group and 8 cases in the non-surgical group). Thus, 109 cases were followed-up. RE cases were divided according to different treatment methods into a radical resection group (Group A, 31 cases), a non-radical resection group (Group B, 37 cases), and a non-surgical group (Group C, 53 cases). We carried out a detailed analysis of the 109 cases experiencing surgical intervention with effective follow-up.Our analysis found that radical resection is the first line of treatment of RE, although non-radical surgery can benefit most patients. It is important to emphasize the importance of the first round of surgery, particularly in cases involving hepatic echinococcosis. If the lesion can be removed radically during the first round of surgery, then radical surgery should be performed.     

Bacterial genome reduction using the progressive clustering of deletions via yeast sexual cycling

The availability of genetically tractable organisms with simple genomes is critical for the rapid, systems-level understanding of basic biological processes. Mycoplasma bacteria, with the smallest known genomes among free-living cellular organisms, are ideal models for this purpose, but the natural versions of these cells have genome complexities still too great to offer a comprehensive view of a fundamental life form. Here we describe an efficient method for reducing genomes from these organisms by identifying individually deletable regions using transposon mutagenesis and progressively clustering deleted genomic segments using meiotic recombination between the bacterial genomes harbored in yeast. Mycoplasmal genomes subjected to this process and transplanted into recipient cells yielded two mycoplasma strains. The first simultaneously lacked eight singly deletable regions of the genome, representing a total of 91 genes and ∼10% of the original genome. The second strain lacked seven of the eight regions, representing 84 genes. Growth assay data revealed an absence of genetic interactions among the 91 genes under tested conditions. Despite predicted effects of the deletions on sugar metabolism and the proteome, growth rates were unaffected by the gene deletions in the seven-deletion strain. These results support the feasibility of using single-gene disruption data to design and construct viable genomes lacking multiple genes, paving the way toward genome minimization. The progressive clustering method is expected to be effective for the reorganization of any mega-sized DNA molecules cloned in yeast, facilitating the construction of designer genomes in microbes as well as genomic fragments for genetic engineering of higher eukaryotes.Complexities of natural biological systems make it difficult to understand and define precisely the roles of individual genes and their integrated functions. The use of model organisms with a relatively small number of genes enables the isolation of core biological processes from their complex regulatory networks for extensive characterization. However, even the simplest natural microbes contain many genes of unknown function, as well as genes that can be singly or simultaneously deleted without any noticeable effect on growth rate in a laboratory setting (Hutchison et al. 1999; Glass et al. 2006; Posfai et al. 2006). Ill-defined genes and those mediating functional redundancies both compound the challenge of understanding even the simplest life forms.Toward generating a minimal cell where every gene is essential for the axenic viability of the organism, we are pursuing strategies to reduce the 1-Mb genome of Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 (Gibson et al. 2010). Because we can (1) introduce this genome into yeast and maintain it as a plasmid (Benders et al. 2010; Karas et al. 2013a); and (2) “transplant” the genome from yeast into mycoplasma recipient cells (Lartigue et al. 2009), genetic tools in yeast are available for reducing this bacterial genome. Several systems offer advanced tools for bacterial genome engineering. Here we further exploit distinctive features of yeast for this purpose.Methods for serially replacing genomic regions with selectable markers are limited by the number of available markers. One effective approach is to reuse the same marker after precise and scarless marker excision (Storici et al. 2001). We have previously used a self-excising marker (Noskov et al. 2010) six times in yeast to generate a JCVI-syn1.0 genome lacking all six restriction systems (JCVI-syn1.0 ∆1-6) (Karas et al. 2013a). Despite the advantages of scarless engineering, sequential procedures are time-consuming. When applied to poorly characterized genes with the potential to interact with other genes, some paths for multigene knockout may lead to dead ends that result from synergistic mutant phenotypes. When a dead end is reached, sequentially returning to a previous genome in an effort to find a detour to a viable higher-order multimutant may be prohibitively time-consuming.An alternative approach to multigene engineering, available in yeast, is to prepare a set of single mutants and combine the deletions into a single strain via cycles of mating and meiotic recombination (Fig. 1A; Pinel et al. 2011; Suzuki et al. 2011, 2012). With a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene inserted in each deletion locus, the enrichment of higher-order yeast deletion strains in the meiotic population can be accomplished using flow cytometry. Here we apply this method to the JCVI-syn1.0 ∆1-6 exogenous, bacterial genome harbored in yeast to nonsequentially assemble deletions for genes predicted to be individually deletable based on biological knowledge or transposon-mediated disruption data. The functional identification of simultaneously deletable regions is expected to accelerate the effort to construct a minimal genome.Open in a separate windowFigure 1.Progressive clustering of deleted genomic segments. (A) Scheme of the method. Light blue oval represents a bacterial cell. Black ring or horizontal line denotes a bacterial genome, with the orange box indicating the yeast vector used as a site for linearization and recircularization. Gray shape denotes a yeast cell. Green dot in the genome indicates a deletion replaced with a GFP marker. (B) Map of deleted regions. Orange box indicates the yeast vector sequence used for genome linearization and recircularization. Green boxes indicate regions deleted in multimutant mycoplasma strains. Blue boxes denote restriction modification (RM) systems that are also deleted in the strains. (C) Pulsed-gel electrophoresis result for deleted genomes. The starting strain was the JCVI-syn1.0 ∆1–6 strain (1062 kb). Two strains were analyzed for each design of simultaneous deletion (962 kb for eight-deletion or 974 kb for seven-deletion genome). Ladder is a set of yeast chromosomes (New England BioLabs). (D) GFP-RFP ratio sorting result. Standard sorting was compared with sorting based on a GFP-RFP ratio (Methods).     

Effects of heavy metals on health risk and characteristic in surrounding atmosphere of tire manufacturing plant,Taiwan

The health and environmental effects of metal-containing carbon black (CB) particles emitted from a CB feeding area near a tire manufacturing plant were investigated. The mass ratios of PM₁ and PM_0.1 (UFPs) relative to TSP were 13.84% ± 4.88% and 50.84% ± 4.29%, respectively. The most abundant elements in all fractions were Fe, Al, and Zn. The mean percentage contributions of Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Co to the coarse particles ranged from 49.1% to 69.1%, thus indicating that the Al, Fe, and Zn contents in the CB particles were affected by workplace emissions. The ratios of the total mean deposition fluxes of atmospheric particle-bound heavy metals in the human respiratory tracts of workers/adults, workers/children, and adults/children were approximately 5.5, 11.0, and 2.0, respectively. The integrated risks of five elements via two exposure pathways to adults and children were 1.1 × 10⁻⁴ and 1.7 × 10⁻⁵, respectively; these numbers reflect the high cumulative carcinogenic risk posed by these toxic metals to local residents (both adults and children; limit, 10⁻⁶). These results demonstrate the potential health risk presented by particle-bound heavy metals to humans residing near tire manufacturing plants via inhalation and dermal contact exposure.

The health and environmental effects of metal-containing carbon black (CB) particles emitted from a CB feeding area near a tire manufacturing plant were investigated.     

An In‐House Prevocational Training Program for Newly Discharged Psychiatric Inpatients: Exploring Its Employment Outcomes and the Predictive Factors

Individuals with severe mental disorders continue to experience low employment rates. Occupational therapists play an important role in helping these individuals develop the skills and obtain the supports necessary for productive living. This retrospective cohort study aimed to explore employment outcomes and identify factors predictive of the outcomes of an in‐house prevocational training program designed for newly discharged psychiatric inpatients. Data retrieved from the files of 58 participants including demographics, diagnostic history, physical fitness, functional assessment results, the use of vocational counselling service and employment status were analyzed. The overall employment rates among the participants were high (67.2–79.3%) within the 6 months following the prevocational training program. No significant differences were found in the employment rates across the 1, 3 and 6‐month time periods post‐training. Vocational counselling service post‐training and hand function were two factors predictive of participants' employment outcomes. Occupational therapists should attend to the clients' need for continuous vocational support and carefully identify the personal, functional and environmental factors contributing to successful employment. Caution in interpreting the results is warranted because of the lack of control and randomization in this retrospective study. Additional longitudinal cohort or experimental studies would add further certainty to the current findings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.