全文获取类型
收费全文 | 42054篇 |
免费 | 3484篇 |
国内免费 | 105篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 382篇 |
儿科学 | 1303篇 |
妇产科学 | 1067篇 |
基础医学 | 6455篇 |
口腔科学 | 570篇 |
临床医学 | 5684篇 |
内科学 | 7989篇 |
皮肤病学 | 757篇 |
神经病学 | 4359篇 |
特种医学 | 1231篇 |
外科学 | 4214篇 |
综合类 | 424篇 |
现状与发展 | 1篇 |
一般理论 | 36篇 |
预防医学 | 4341篇 |
眼科学 | 687篇 |
药学 | 2841篇 |
中国医学 | 51篇 |
肿瘤学 | 3251篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 311篇 |
2022年 | 474篇 |
2021年 | 989篇 |
2020年 | 654篇 |
2019年 | 1033篇 |
2018年 | 1207篇 |
2017年 | 935篇 |
2016年 | 1018篇 |
2015年 | 1081篇 |
2014年 | 1524篇 |
2013年 | 1975篇 |
2012年 | 3134篇 |
2011年 | 3202篇 |
2010年 | 1748篇 |
2009年 | 1583篇 |
2008年 | 2749篇 |
2007年 | 2801篇 |
2006年 | 2585篇 |
2005年 | 2648篇 |
2004年 | 2379篇 |
2003年 | 2231篇 |
2002年 | 2150篇 |
2001年 | 566篇 |
2000年 | 417篇 |
1999年 | 505篇 |
1998年 | 480篇 |
1997年 | 404篇 |
1996年 | 324篇 |
1995年 | 306篇 |
1994年 | 253篇 |
1993年 | 234篇 |
1992年 | 275篇 |
1991年 | 271篇 |
1990年 | 225篇 |
1989年 | 247篇 |
1988年 | 227篇 |
1987年 | 234篇 |
1986年 | 203篇 |
1985年 | 181篇 |
1984年 | 175篇 |
1983年 | 123篇 |
1982年 | 128篇 |
1981年 | 122篇 |
1980年 | 111篇 |
1979年 | 104篇 |
1978年 | 107篇 |
1977年 | 105篇 |
1976年 | 93篇 |
1974年 | 108篇 |
1973年 | 84篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
31.
Katherine Berry Richard Drake Catherine Stewart Lisa Marie Aitkin Jane Byrne Christine Barrowclough Nitin Purandare 《The American journal of geriatric psychiatry》2007,15(9):800-806
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether orofacial tardive dyskinesia (OTD) is associated with frontal lobe dysfunction and whether either are related to the coping abilities independent of psychiatric symptoms in older people with psychotic disorders. METHODS: A total of 52 patients, aged over 65 years or over, who satisfied International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision criteria for psychotic disorders (F20-F29) were recruited into the study. OTD was measured using the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale and Waddington et al.'s (1993) criteria. Neuropsychological measures were specifically selected to assess different aspects of frontal function and coping was measured using a semistructured interview. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: Patients with OTD showed more severe global cognitive impairment compared to patients without OTD. Group differences on measures of frontal lobe dysfunction were not maintained following adjustment for global cognitive impairment. Patients with OTD did not differ from patients without OTD on coping measures. Scores on the general psychopathology subscale of the PANSS, which includes symptoms associated with depression and anxiety, consistently predicted patients' negative perceptions of stressors and appraisals of coping, but cognitive impairment did not predict coping independent of symptoms. CONCLUSION: The association between coping and general psychopathology in older patients with psychosis warrants further investigation as both variables may be amenable to psychological interventions. 相似文献
32.
A new micelle system formed from methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-b-poly (5-benzyloxy-trimethylene carbonate; MePEG-b-PBTMC 5000-b-4800) was investigated as a delivery system for the hydrophobic anti-cancer agent, ellipticine. The ellipticine was loaded into the MePEG-b-PBTMC micelles with a loading efficiency of 95% using a high-pressure extrusion technique. The ellipticine-loaded micelles have a spherical morphology and an average diameter of 96 nm. The anti-cancer activity of ellipticine was confirmed to be retained following formulation in the MePEG-b-PBTMC micelles. The extent of protein adsorption to the MePEG-b-PBTMC micelles was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and gel filtration chromatography. Overall, the amount of protein both loosely and tightly associated with the micelles was found to be minimal and insignificant. The partitioning properties of ellipticine between an aqueous medium containing protein and the MePEG-b-PBTMC micelles were examined over a range of protein concentrations. Under physiologically relevant conditions, it was found that 61% of the drug remained within the micelle fraction while 39% was in the protein-containing aqueous phase. In addition, the in vitro drug release profile of ellipticine from the micelles was fit using a modified Higuchi model and found to be accelerated in the presence of protein. These studies demonstrate that although there are no significant interactions between micelle and protein, the properties of the micelle as a delivery vehicle may be strongly influenced by protein-drug interactions. 相似文献
33.
Andreas G Schatzlein Bernd H Zinselmeyer Adurrahim Elouzi Christine Dufes Ya Tsz A Chim Clive J Roberts Martyn C Davies Avril Munro Alexander I Gray Ijeoma F Uchegbu 《Journal of controlled release》2005,101(1-3):247-258
Previously, the lower generation (DAB 8-generation 2 and DAB 16-generation 3) polypropylenimine dendrimers have been shown to be effective gene delivery systems in vitro. In the current work, we sought to: (a) test the effect of the strength of the carrier, DNA electrostatic interaction on gene transfer and (b) to study the in vivo gene transfer activity of these low molecular weight (<1687 Da) non-amphiphilic plain and quaternary ammonium gene carriers. Towards this aim, methyl quaternary ammonium derivatives of DAB 4 (generation 1), DAB 8, DAB 16 and DAB 32 (generation 4) were synthesised to give Q4, Q8, Q16 and Q32, respectively. Quaternisation of DAB 8 proved to be critical in improving DNA binding, as evidenced by data from the ethidium bromide exclusion assay and dendrimer-DNA colloidal stability data. This improved colloidal stability had a major effect on vector tolerability, as Q8-DNA formulations were well tolerated on intravenous injection while a similar DAB 8-DNA dose was lethally toxic by the same route. Quaternisation also improved the in vitro cell biocompatibility of DAB 16-DNA and DAB 32-DNA dendrimer complexes by about 4-fold but not that of the lower generation DAB 4-DNA and DAB 8-DNA formulations. In contrast to previous reports with non-viral gene delivery systems, the intravenous administration of DAB 16-DNA and Q8-DNA formulations resulted in liver targeted gene expression as opposed to the lung targeted gene expression obtained with the control polymer-Exgen 500 [linear poly(ethylenimine)] and a lung avoidance hypothesis is postulated. We conclude that the polypropylenimine dendrimers are promising gene delivery systems which may be used to target the liver and avoid the lung and also that molecular modifications conferring colloidal stability on gene delivery formulations have a profound effect on their tolerability on intravenous administration. 相似文献
34.
Andy Stergachis Catherine M Wetmore Michelle Pennylegion Randal D Beaton Bryant T Karras Dean Webb Diane Young Michael Loehr 《American journal of health-system pharmacy》2007,64(3):285-293
PURPOSE: The effectiveness of a point of dispensing (POD) used in a mass dispensing exercise was evaluated. METHODS: Public Health-Seattle & King County (PHSKC), in conjunction with the University of Washington, conducted a functional exercise of mass dispensing plans to test the effectiveness of a POD. Specifically, the organization and maintenance of patient flow, staffing model, signage, and dissemination of public information were evaluated. A data collection application using cellular telephones was used to record time and patient flow data to evaluate patient flow. Questionnaires distributed to staff and volunteer patients at the end of the exercise obtained feedback regarding the setup, organization, and operations of the POD. RESULTS: The POD was operational for approximately 68 minutes. The majority of POD staff reported feeling comfortable with their specific job tasks and duties within 15 minutes of opening the doors to the POD to the public. Staff questionnaires also revealed a high level of self-reported confidence in their ability and in the ability of their colleagues to perform the job-specific responsibilities required of them or respond to this hypothetical event. The majority of volunteer patients found the signs helpful and easy to follow and the check-in form easy to complete. Despite efforts to provide patients with oral and written information about the medications being dispensed, only 80% indicated that they knew how to take the medication, and only 73% reported understanding the medication instructions for all the individuals for whom they picked up medication. CONCLUSION: The majority of volunteer patients and staff who participated in a functional exercise of mass dispensing plans found the POD to be effective. Time-flow analysis provided preliminary estimates of the total amount of time needed to complete the dispensing process for each head of household. 相似文献
35.
36.
Eric Racine Marie-Josée Dion Christine A. C. Wijman Judy Illes Maarten G. Lansberg 《Neurocritical care》2009,11(3):345-352
Background
Advances in intensive care medicine have increased survival rates of patients with critical neurological conditions. The focus of prognostication for such patients is therefore shifting from predicting chances of survival to meaningful neurological recovery. This study assessed the variability in long-term outcome predictions among physicians and aimed to identify factors that may account for this variability. 相似文献37.
Seok L Ong Gianpiero Gravante Cristina A Pollard M'Balu A Webb Severine Illouz Ashley R Dennison 《HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association》2009,11(8):613-621
Pain control is one of the most challenging aspects in the management of chronic pancreatitis. Total pancreatectomy can successfully relieve the intractable abdominal pain in these patients but will inevitably result in insulin-dependent diabetes. Islet autotransplantation aims to preserve, as far as possible, the insulin secretory function of the islet cell mass thereby reducing (or even removing) the requirement for exogenous insulin administration after a total pancreactomy. Despite the relatively small number of centres able to perform these procedures, there are important technical variations in the details of their approaches. The aim of this review is to provide details of the current surgical practice for total pancreatectomy combined with islet autotransplantation, and outline the potential advantages and disadvantages of the variations adopted in each centre. 相似文献
38.
Pedophilia is linked to reduced activation in hypothalamus and lateral prefrontal cortex during visual erotic stimulation. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Martin Walter Joachim Witzel Christine Wiebking Udo Gubka Michael Rotte Kolja Schiltz Felix Bermpohl Claus Tempelmann Bernhard Bogerts Hans Jochen Heinze Georg Northoff 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2007,62(6):698-701
BACKGROUND: Although pedophilia is of high public concern, little is known about underlying neural mechanisms. Although pedophilic patients are sexually attracted to prepubescent children, they show no sexual interest toward adults. This study aimed to investigate the neural correlates of deficits of sexual and emotional arousal in pedophiles. METHODS: Thirteen pedophilic patients and 14 healthy control subjects were tested for differential neural activity during visual stimulation with emotional and erotic pictures with functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Regions showing differential activations during the erotic condition comprised the hypothalamus, the periaqueductal gray, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the latter correlating with a clinical measure. Alterations of emotional processing concerned the amygdala-hippocampus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothesized regions relevant for processing of erotic stimuli in healthy individuals showed reduced activations during visual erotic stimulation in pedophilic patients. This suggests an impaired recruitment of key structures that might contribute to an altered sexual interest of these patients toward adults. 相似文献
39.
Age determines memory for face identity and expression 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Egemen SAVASKAN Sandra Elisabeth MÜLLER reas BÖHRINGER Christine PHILIPPSEN Franz MÜLLER-SPAHN Hartmut SCHÄCHINGER 《Psychogeriatrics》2007,7(2):49-57
Background: The recognition of facial expressions is an important component of emotion processing which contributes to interactional behavior. One of the factors highly associated with potential decline of ability in behavioral tasks is age. Methods: We have investigated age‐related changes in facial identity and expression memory of healthy subjects in three age groups: young adults (20–40 years), elderly adults (60–80 years) and, for the first time in the literature, very old adults (over 80 years of age). Using a picture test, photographs of faces with happy or angry expressions were presented to study participants during the encoding task, and the memory for identity and emotional facial expression was investigated in a subsequent recognition task showing emotionally neutral faces. Half of the faces presented in the recognition task were initially shown in the encoding task. Results: Age interacted with the memory process: the ability to recognize both facial identity and emotional expression declined with advanced age. Happy facial expressions were better recognized in all age groups. Although there was a continuous overall decrease in recognition of both happy and angry expressions with advanced age, the effect favoring happy facial expressions was stable also in very old adults. Other factors such as gender or educational level did not affect the memory process for facial expressions. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that age is a significant determinant of memory for facial identity and emotional expression, and that, similar to younger adults, the recognition process of the elderly favors happy emotional facial expressions. 相似文献
40.