Preparation and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies toSalmonella typhimurium K-antigen

Monoclonal antibodies toS. typhimurium K-antigens representing IgG1 immunoglobulins with a “kappa”-type light chain are prepared and characterized. They are highly active in indirect enzyme immunoassay with purified K-antigens and whole fixedS. typhimurium cells and virtually do not cross-react with O-antigen of the same bacterial species or withE. coli antigenic structures. The kinetics of binding and ability to agglutinate whole bacterial cells are studied and epitope analysis is carried out, which shows that antigenic determinants ofS. typhimurium K-antigen qualitatively differ from those of O-antigen of the same bacterium. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 633–635, June, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

退行性腰椎侧凸与骨质疏松症的关系探讨

目的探讨退行性腰椎侧凸（degenerativelumbarscoliosis,DIS）与骨质疏松症（osteoporosis,OP）两者之间的关系。方法选取2006年6月-2010年6月来我院就诊的DIS患者58例及对照组（非腰椎侧凸的腰痛患者）58例,对DIS组Cobb’s角进行测量,并采用双能x线吸收法检测两组患者腰椎（k～L4）、股骨颈、股骨粗隆和Ward’s三角区骨密度T值,分析患者年龄、Cobb’s角与骨密度T值的相关性。结果DIS组平均骨密度T值为-2．7±1．8,合并OP45例,发病率为77．59％;对照组平均骨密度T值为-1．3±1．0,合并OP8例,发病率为13．79％,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。相关分析显示,DIS患者T值与年龄呈正相关（r=-0．318,P〈0．01）,与侧凸Cobb’s角无关。结论OP是DLS发病的危险因素,同时年龄越大OP程度越重,但与DLS进展程度无关。临床DLS治疗时要考虑到OP的影响。     

Reduction of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits and decrease of expressions of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in foam cells by a water-soluble fraction of Polygonum multiflorum

Polygonum multiflorum stilbeneglycoside （PMS） is a water-soluble fraction of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. , one of the most famous tonic traditional Chinese medicines, that has protective effects on the cardiovascular system. The purpose of the present study is to elucidate the effects of PMS on macrophage-derived foam cell functions and the reduction of severity of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic New Zealand White （NZW） rabbits. NZW rabbits were fed for 12 weeks with a normal diet, a high cholesterol diet, or a high cholesterol diet associated with irrigation with different doses of PMS （25, 50, or 100 mg/kg）. Treatment of NZW rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet with 100 mg/kg PMS attenuated the increase in plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and plasma triglyceride. Treatment with 50 and 100 mg/kg PMS caused 43% and 60% decrease in atherosclerotic lesioned area ratio to total surface area, respectively. In U937 foam cells, PMS could decrease the high expression of intercellular adhesion molecule （ICAM）-1 protein and the vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） protein levels in the medium induced by oxidized lipoprotein when analyzed by flow cytometry. The results proved that PMS is a powerful agent against atherosclerosis and that PMS action could possibly be through the inhibition of the expression of ICAM-1 and VEGF in foam cells.     

玻片法单人份免疫分型试剂盒在白血病诊断中的应用

0引言白血病免疫分型是指用已知的单克隆抗体(单抗)鉴定细胞表面或胞质内的分化抗原的方法.该方法的临床应用有利于白血病的鉴别及诊断.我们采用单人份免疫分型试剂盒对128例白血病患者进行了免疫分型.     

迷迭香酸抗血栓和抗血小板聚集作用

迷迭香酸是丹参水溶性成分之一。大鼠体内实验(iv)表明,它能抑制静脉血栓形成。阻抑胶原诱导的血小板聚集,促进纤维蛋白溶解活性。当剂量为50及100 mg/kg时,血栓形成的抑制率分别为41.9和54.8%(P<0.vv05)。当剂量为100及150mg/kg时,血小板聚集的抑制率分别为30.4%(P<0.05)和46.4%(P<0.01),血浆优球蛋白溶解时间缩短(P<0.05)。纤维蛋白原含量无明显变化。以上结果说明,迷迭香酸有温和的抗血栓作用。其机理可能与抗血小板聚集和增强纤维蛋白溶解活性有关。     

早卵泡期促性腺激素释放激素激动剂降调节联合人绝经期促性腺激素在卵巢储备功能低下者促排卵中应用

目的:探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)早卵泡期降调节联合尿促性腺激素(HMG)方案用于卵巢储备功能低下不孕患者超促排卵的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年5月至2011年3月行体外受精(IVF)或单精子卵胞浆内注射(ICSI)治疗的109例卵巢储备功能下降患者的新鲜周期。根据促排方案分为早卵泡期降调节组(A)、微刺激组(B)和短方案组(C)。比较3组患者的临床及实验室结局。结果:B组患者促性腺激素用量低于A、C组患者,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)日,A组患者血清黄体生成素(LH)水平显著低于B、C组,C组患者血清E2水平显著高于A、B组,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。3组患者获卵数、卵子成熟率、受精率和移植胚胎数比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。3组每移植周期临床妊娠率比较无统计学差异(33.33%vs32.35%vs36.00%,P>0.05)。B组周期取消率(34.62%)高于A组(11.11%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.02),与C组(16.67%)比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.05)。C组孕早期流产率(33.33%)高于A组(12.50%)和B组(18.18%),差异均有统计学意义(P=0.028,P=0.03)。结论:对于卵巢储备功能低下的不孕患者采用GnRH-a卵泡期长方案联合HMG促排卵,可获得与微刺激和短方案相同的临床妊娠率,且周期取消率和妊娠早期自然流产率降低。     

研究诊断准确性的论著的质量:STARD公布后无改变——STARD公布前后的比较研究

目的确定对诊断准确性进行研究的论著的规范(STARD)公布前、后该类论著的质量改善情况,并比较执行STARD和未执行STARD的杂志的该类论著质量有无差     

Comparison Between Living Donor Liver Transplantation Recipients Who Met the Milan and UCSF Criteria After Successful Downstaging Therapies

Background and Aims

Various downstaging therapies were introduced to liver recipients who could not meet the relative criteria for liver transplantation, and many endpoints were reported. The most common criteria used were the Milan criteria and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) criteria. However, no comparison was made between them, and we attempted to find possible differences between the living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) patients who met the Milan criteria and those who met the UCSF criteria after accepting preoperative downstaging therapies.

Materials and Methods

We performed a retrospective study of all 72 patients at our center from January 2003 to March 2009 who were diagnosed with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma but accepted various downstaging therapies. Some patients met the Milan criteria (group 1), and some met the UCSF criteria (group 2) but not the Milan criteria. We collected the data from the two groups and then compared the preoperative demographic data, downstaging therapies, intraoperative data from LDLT, and the recovery and complications after LDLT. Survival rates were compared using Kaplan?CMeier analysis.

Results

Only 44 patients (61.1?%) met the criteria for liver transplantation, 21 cases met the Milan criteria (group 1), and 23 cases met the UCSF criteria (group 2) but not the Milan criteria. All of the 44 patients accepted right lobe living liver donor liver transplantation in our center. The difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups did not reach statistical significance. The mean number of downstaging treatments per patient was 1.81?±?0.35 in group 1 and 1.83?±?0.41 in group 2 (P?=?0.928). Most of the patients received only one downstaging treatment, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) was the most common downstaging therapy. Four patients suffered complications after downstaging therapies: intra-abdominal hemorrhage after right hepatectomy, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after TACE, biliary fistula after resection, and hand?Cfoot syndrome after taking sorafenib. All complications after LDLT, classified according to the Clavien?CDindo system, were compared within the two groups, and the calculated score of the complications in group 1 was 1.48?±?1.63, which was greater than that of group 2 (1.39?±?1.64), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P?=?0.865). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 90.4, 76.2, and 71.4?% in group 1 and 91.3, 73.9, and 69.6?% in group 2, respectively (P?>?0.05). Seven patients (three in group 1 and four in group 2) had tumor recurrence after a median follow-up period of 72?months. The pathology findings were not different between the two groups.

Conclusion

Recipients who meet the Milan or UCSF criteria after accepting successful preoperative downstaging therapy in LDLT can achieve the same result.     

The collection and evaluation of peripheral blood progenitor cells sufficient for repetitive cycles of high-dose chemotherapy support

BACKGROUND: The development of an optimized peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) harvest protocol to provide support for repetitive chemotherapy cycles is described. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PBPCs mobilized by cyclophosphamide plus granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were studied in 163 leukapheresis harvests from 26 lymphoma patients. Harvested cells were transfused with two chemotherapy cycles and with an autologous bone marrow transplant. Progenitor cell content was examined in the context of hematopoietic engraftment. RESULTS: Mobilization allowed the harvest of large numbers of PBPCs. Peak harvests tended to occur after the recovering white cell count exceeded 10 × 10(9) per L. CD34+ lymphomononuclear cell (MNC) and colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) counts correlated poorly, but both measures peaked within 24 hours of each other in 21 of 26 patients, which demonstrated PBPC mobilization. Engraftment of platelets (> 50×10(9)/L) and granulocytes (> 500×10(6)/L) was achieved in a median of 20.5 and 16 days, respectively. A minimum number of progenitors necessary to ensure engraftment could be derived. CONCLUSION: Cyclophosphamide and G-CSF allowed the harvest of sufficient PBPCs to support multiple rounds of chemotherapy. Harvest should commence when the recovery white cell count exceeds 10×10(9) per L. PBPC harvest CD34+MNC counts are as useful as CFU-GM results in the assessment of PBPC content, and they may allow harvest protocols to be tailored to individual patients.     

Second malignancies after treatment for laparotomy staged IA-IIIB Hodgkin's disease: long-term analysis of risk factors and outcome

The survival of patients with Hodgkin's disease has dramatically improved over the past 30 years because of advances in treatment. However, concern for the risk of long-term complications has resulted in a number of trials to evaluate reduction of therapy. The consequences of these trials on recurrence, development of long-term complications, and survival remain unknown. One major consequence of successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease is the development of second malignant neoplasms. We sought to determine the factors most important for development of second tumors in pathologically staged and treated Hodgkin's disease patients followed for long intervals to provide background information for future clinical trials and guidelines for routine patient follow-up. Between April 1969 and December 1988, 794 patients with laparotomy staged (PS) IA-IIIB Hodgkin's disease were treated with radiation therapy (RT) alone or combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy (CT). There were 8,500 person-years of follow-up (average of 10.7 person-years per patient). Age and gender-specific incidence rates were multiplied by corresponding person-years of observation to obtain expected numbers of events. Observed to expected results were calculated by type of treatment, age at treatment, sex, and time after Hodgkin's disease. Absolute (excess) risk was expressed as number of excess cases per 10,000 person-years. Seventy-two patients have developed a second malignant neoplasm. Eight patients developed acute leukemia, 10 had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and 53 patients developed solid tumors at a median time of 5 years, 7.25 years, and 12.2 years, respectively, after Hodgkin's disease. One patient developed multiple myeloma 16.5 years after Hodgkin's disease. The relative risk (RR) of developing a second malignancy was 5.6. The absolute excess risk per 10,000 person-years (AR) of developing a second malignancy was 69.6 (7.0% excess risk per person per decade of follow-up). The highest RR occurred for the development of leukemia (RR = 66.2), however because of the low expected risk, the AR was only 9.3. The RR of solid tumors after Hodgkin's disease was lower (4.7); however, the AR was greater (49) than for acute leukemia. Among the solid tumors, breast, gastrointestinal, lung, and soft tissue cancers had the highest absolute excess risks. The risk for developing breast cancer after Hodgkin's disease was greatest in women who were under the age of 25 at treatment. The most significant risk factor for the development of both leukemia and solid tumors was the combined use of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The RR following RT alone was 4.1 (AR = 51.1); for RT + CT (initially or at relapse) the RR was 9.75 (P < 0.05, nonoverlapping confidence limits, AR = 123.9). Survival following development of a second malignancy was poor in patients with leukemia, gastrointestinal tumors, lung cancer, and sarcoma. Survival from other malignancies including NHL and breast cancer was more encouraging. Second malignant neoplasms are a major cause of late morbidity and mortality following treatment for Hodgkin's disease. The most significant risk factor for the development of second tumors is the extent of treatment for Hodgkin's disease. Recommendations are presented for both prevention and early detection of these tumors.