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991.
P G Raijmakers M C Cabezas J A Smal J van Gijn 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》1991,93(3):201-204
The efficacy of an instructional videotape about the interpretation of the plantar response was evaluated during a two week neurological clerkship. Experimental groups saw the videotape, control groups did not. All students (n = 65) assessed plantar responses of two to four different patients. Their judgment was compared with that of one senior neurologist. Only the students who had seen the videotape showed a significant improvement in performance on a second test (t-test, t = -2.26, p = 0.031). In addition, these students more frequently took account of the flexion synergy (Fisher exact test, p less than 0.001). Video can be an efficient tool in medical education. 相似文献
992.
Changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA expression after corticospinal axotomy in the adult hamster 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We examined changes in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA during Wallerian degeneration in the corticospinal system of the adult Golden hamster following axotomy. GFAP is the product of a type III intermediate filament (IF) gene that is expressed specifically in mature astrocytes. A well-studied component of a complex response termed reactive astrogliosis that occurs after various types of CNS injury is the increased production of astrocytic processes filled with GFAP-containing IFs. While increased expression of GFAP during reactive astrogliosis has been well established at the protein level, little is known about whether or not changes in GFAP mRNA levels occur after CNS injury. In the present study we used in situ hybridization methods to examine this issue. A 35S-labeled mouse GFAP cDNA probe was used for in situ hybridizations of sections of the brain stem obtained 2, 7, and 14 days after unilateral transections of the corticospinal tract in the caudal medulla. Film as well as emulsion autoradiography showed a dramatic increase in GFAP mRNA labeling associated with the degenerating corticospinal tract. GFAP mRNA levels were already dramatically increased in the injured corticospinal tract by 2 days post axotomy and remained elevated at 14 days. Interestingly, in addition to the robust increase in GFAP mRNA levels specifically associated with the degenerating tract, a diffuse increase in GFAP mRNA labeling was observed throughout the grey matter of the brain stem at 2 days post-axotomy, but not after this time. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemical experiments verified that the increased GFAP mRNA levels in the degenerating corticospinal system were accompanied by an increased expression of the protein. These results demonstrate that an increase in GFAP mRNA levels occurs during Wallerian degeneration in the CNS and suggest that increased expression of the GFAP gene is a major contributor to CNS scarring that results after direct traumatic injury. 相似文献
993.
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophils were studied by the cytologic methods in 58 patients with chronic bronchitis, 63 ones with bronchiectasis, and 8 normal controls. The study included cytospectrophotometry of myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase activity and estimation of active oxygen-producing cells in the NBT test. Neutrophilic functional activity was different in the patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Neutrophilic myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase activities were lower in the patients with chronic bronchitis than in those with bronchiectasis, whereas the counts of cells active in the NBT test were low in both patient populations. 相似文献
994.
995.
This article describes the outcomes of a study involving family members of communication-impaired long-term care residents in a collaborative nursing/speech language pathology intervention designed to increase the residents' communication ability. Family members provided memorabilia and artifacts or produced audio or video tapes, for use in conjunction with a speech therapy enhancement program (STEP). Findings revealed that, despite a minimal improvement in speech ability, there was a dramatic increase in family members' satisfaction. 相似文献
996.
This study was undertaken to assess the role of the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata in regulation of liver circulation in anesthetized dogs. Blood pressure, flow in hepatic artery and portal vein, and shifts of blood volume in the liver were recorded. Stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus produced changes in arterial pressure which were followed by passive changes in hepatic arterial blood flow; changes in hepatic artery resistance were rather small. Stimulation of the medial and posterior hypothalamus increased hepatic arterial resistance by 65-170%. Liver portal blood flow during stimulation of most of the hypothalamic sites decreased, hepatic portal pressure rose and vascular portal venous resistance increased 2.5-3 times. Three areas only (sympatho-inhibitory area, paraventricular and lateral hypothalamic nuclei) when stimulated produced dilatation of hepatic portal and splanchnic vascular beds, thus increasing portal blood flow. All cases of stimulation led to the decrease of blood volume in the liver by 10-36%. Stimulation of medullary structures (n. tractus solitarii, reticular nn.) caused similar changes in hepatic circulation, however the amplitude of reaction was 1.5-6 times smaller than upon hypothalamic stimulation. Central impulses to the hepatic vessels are transmitted by sympathetic adrenergic nerve fibers through vascular alpha-adrenoreceptors. It is concluded that the hypothalamic level of the central nervous system, unlike the bulbar one, exerts considerable, differentiated, well coordinated and to some extent specific influences on hepatic circulation. 相似文献
997.
Muscarinic cholinergic binding in the substantia nigra of the cat was documented during development and at maturity with autoradiographic methods by labeling the pharmacologically defined M1 and M2 subtypes of muscarinic binding sites. In cats from age embryonic day 40 to postnatal day 6 and at adulthood, M1 sites were labeled with [3H]pirenzepine and M2 sites were labeled with [3H]N-methylscopolamine in competition with pirenzepine. Comparisons were made among binding site distributions, acetylcholinesterase staining and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in serial or neighboring nigral tissue sections. M1 and M2 binding sites were present in the substantia nigra at all ages studied. Qualitative comparisons showed that M1 binding delineated the substantia nigra more distinctly than did M2 binding. For M1 binding sites in particular, the embryonic pars reticulata of the substantia nigra was more prominently labeled than the pars compacta. At adulthood both nigral subdivisions clearly exhibited M1 and M2 binding, with the pars compacta demonstrating some internal heterogeneity of binding density. These findings provide further evidence that the substantia nigra is a site of cholinergic transmission and suggest that the functional balance between acetylcholine and dopamine in the basal ganglia acts here as well as in the striatum. 相似文献
998.
Use of sonography to evaluate carotid atherosclerosis in the elderly. The Cardiovascular Health Study. CHS Collaborative Research Group 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
D H O'Leary J F Polak S K Wolfson M G Bond W Bommer S Sheth B M Psaty A R Sharrett T A Manolio 《Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation》1991,22(9):1155-1163
Carotid sonography is being performed on more than 5,000 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a prospective, multicenter study of cardiovascular disease in men and women aged 65 years and older. The sonographic methods used to examine and measure the extracranial carotid arteries are described. Initial validation studies were performed on 61 subjects with a mean age of 68.6 years. Analysis of within- and between-sonographer differences and between-reader differences were performed for selected variables. In general, the mean absolute differences for within- and between-sonographer comparisons were small, with even less variability between readers. Variability was less for the common carotid artery than for the internal carotid artery. These data suggest that carotid sonography is a reliable and reproducible method for use in the study of carotid atherosclerosis in population studies. 相似文献
999.
1000.
A Girdhar B Mishra R K Lavania A K Bagga G N Malaviya B K Girdhar 《International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association》1989,57(2):472-475
Two infants, one 4 months old and the other 2 months old, having histologically confirmed indeterminate leprosy are reported. The route of infection, mode of transmission, and incubation period are discussed with reference to these two cases of infantile leprosy. 相似文献