异基因造血干细胞移植受者代谢综合征的发生情况

异基因造血干细胞移植（hematopoieticcelltransplantation,HCT）后代谢综合征的发生主要由预处理导致的神经激素系统紊乱、血管内皮损伤、移植物的免疫和炎症作用以及继发的移植物抗宿主病及其治疗等引起。对代谢综合征及其组分（糖尿病、高血压、血脂紊乱等）的筛查可以尽早地调整治疗策略,控制危险因素的发生,进而降低远期的心血管疾病的发生率和致死率。为此,美国的研究人员回顾性分析了86例异基因HCT受者代谢综合征的发生情况,并与代谢综合征在普通人群中的流行情况进行比较。     

A new variant of the ATP13A2 gene in Chinese patients with early-onset parkinsonism

Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a selective loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Clinical manifestations of this complex disease include resting tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability, gait difficulty and rigidity. Approximately 5%-10% of patients have genetic factors, yet etiology of PD remains unclear. Genetic deficits, environmental exposure, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction,     

Ghrelin affects the release of luteolytic and luteotropic factors in human luteal cells

CONTEXT: Ghrelin, well-known modulator of food intake and energy balance, is a rather ubiquitous peptide involved in several endocrine and nonendocrine actions. A possible as-yet-unknown role for ghrelin in modulating luteal function has been suggested because both ghrelin and its receptor (GRLN-R) have been immunohistochemically detected in human corpus luteum. OBJECTIVE: We first investigated GRLN-R mRNA expression in midluteal phase human luteal cells. Ghrelin effect on basal and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated progesterone (P) release was then analyzed. Finally, we investigated whether ghrelin could affect luteal release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), prostaglandin (PG) E(2), both luteotropic factors, and PGF(2alpha), luteolytic modulator. Ghrelin effect on both basal and hypoxia-stimulated VEGF luteal expression was analyzed. METHODS: Human luteal cells were incubated for 24 h with ghrelin (10(-13) to 10(-7) m) or hCG (100 ng/ml) or CoCl(2) (10 microm), chemical hypoxia, or with hCG or CoCl(2) in combination with ghrelin. Both GRLN-R mRNA and VEGF mRNA were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. PGs and P release was assayed by RIA, whereas VEGF release by ELISA. RESULTS: GRLN-R mRNA expression was demonstrated in human luteal cells. Both basal and hCG-stimulated P release was significantly decreased by ghrelin, which was able to reduce PGE(2) and increase PGF(2alpha) luteal release. Both basal and hypoxia-stimulated VEGF release was significantly decreased by ghrelin, which did not affect VEGF mRNA luteal expression. CONCLUSIONS: The present in vitro study provides the first evidence of a direct inhibitory influence of ghrelin on human luteal function.     

HIV-1包膜蛋白2G12和2F5中和表位的改造对假病毒形成及中和活性的影响

目的 研究HIV-1膜蛋白(Env)特定中和表位的改造对功能性假病毒形成及中和活性的影响.方法 采用环形诱变及Dpn I筛选的方法对Env进行定点突变,将2G12和2F5两个中和表位整合入不含该表位的BC亚型的Env上,比较改造对假病毒的形成情况及对2G12和2F5单抗的中和活性的影响.结果 对5株假病毒(BC02、BE03、BC04、BC05和BC12)的Env特定中和表位进行改造,其中BC04和BCl2的2G12表位改造后,不能形成假病毒,BC02、BC03和BC05增加2G12和2F5两个表位后,仍能够形成假病毒,且假病毒滴度较改造前无明显变化,改造后的BC03假病毒较改造前对单抗2G12和2175的中和活性均有所提高,而改造后的BE02和BC05假病毒较改造前对单抗2F5的中和活性增强,而对单抗2G12的中和活性无变化.结论 2G12中和表位部分位点的改造影响假病毒的形成,中和表位的增加能够提高单抗2G12的中和活性,为免疫原的优化提供了新思路.     

借鉴军队院校管理模式 推行量化考评规范实习生管理

本文通过对当前军队医院实习生管理现状的分析,探讨了军队院校管理模式、量化考评在医院实习生管理中的作用,提出了一些具体的工作方法和措施。     

Stage T1 glottic carcinoma: results of radiation therapy or laser excision

A retrospective analysis was made of the data on 60 patients with stage T1 glottic carcinoma (43 T1a, 17 T1b) who received radiation therapy and 17 patients with T1a disease who underwent laser excision as the primary treatment modality. Patients who received radiation therapy achieved 3- and 5-year actuarial local control rates of 92% and 89% for T1a and 77% and 77% for T1b disease, respectively. In patients who underwent laser excision (all with T1a disease), the 3-year local control rate was 77%. Of the 42 evaluable irradiated T1a patients, 31 (74%) had a normal to near-normal voice, eight (19%) had mild or intermittent hoarseness, and three (7%) had persistent hoarseness. Of the 13 evaluable patients in the laser-excision group, four (31%) had a normal to near-normal voice, five (38%) had mild or intermittent hoarseness, and four (31%) had persistent hoarseness. The difference in the quality of voice between these two groups is statistically significant (P = .012), although the ultimate local control rate after salvage therapy for irradiated patients (97%) was similar to that for laser-excision patients (94%).     

Visual identification of bacterially contaminated red cells

There have been increasing numbers of reports of transfusion-acquired Yersinia enterocolitica bacteremia (including several fatal cases). Fifteen units of whole blood were inoculated with various concentrations of Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:3 and processed into AS-3 preserved red cells (RBCs). Consistent growth of the organism was found at inoculum concentrations greater than or equal to 10 colony-forming units per mL. In all 13 units of RBCs that supported the growth of Y. enterocolitica, a darkening in color (due to hemolysis and a decrease in pO2) was observed in the bag. The attached sample segments, which were sealed from the main unit, remained sterile and did not darken. This color change was apparent in all the contaminated units by Day 35, which was 1.5 to 2 weeks after the bacteria were first detected in cultures of the blood. Hence, by comparison of the color of the segment tubing with that of the unit itself, units grossly contaminated with Y. enterocolitica can be identified prior to transfusion. Moreover, review of photographs on file at the Centers for Disease Control revealed this dramatic color change in 2 units of blood that caused transfusion-transmitted sepsis (Enterobacter agglomerans and an unidentified gram-negative bacillus, not Yersinia sp.), which demonstrated that the color change was not limited to Y. enterocolitica. This method of visual identification of contaminated units of blood could decrease the incidence of posttransfusion bacterial sepsis.     

Ultrasound of the posterior circumflex humeral artery

Quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) is described as compression neuropathy of the axillary neurovascular bundle in the quadrilateral space of the shoulder. This neurovascular bundle includes the posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA). Historically, angiography and more recently magnetic resonance angiography have been used to assess occlusion and stenosis of the PCHA in cases of suspected QSS. These traditional imaging techniques have a number of disadvantages in terms of cost, availability, invasiveness and patient comfort. We undertook to examine the ability of ultrasound to reliably visualise the PCHA. Asymptomatic adult volunteers were recruited from staff, and patients attending the radiology department who presented for pathologies unrelated to the shoulder. We used a new technique to assess blood flow in the PCHA, performing the scan from a posterolateral approach on the upper arm just above the level of the surgical neck of the humerus. This technique enabled the scan to be undertaken with the patient seated comfortably. Fifty volunteers were recruited into the study. The mean (±SD) age was 35 (±14 years). The PCHA was visualised in all patients. Our method was able to maximise Doppler sensitivity and visualisation of the artery without discomfort to the patient in less than 10 min. Ultrasound can be used to reliably visualise the PCHA. Ultrasound has potential to be used in the assessment of the PCHA in cases of QSS.