Nurse Decision-making for Suspected Urinary Tract Infections in Nursing Homes: Potential Targets to Reduce Antibiotic Overuse

ObjectivesTo determine what information is most important to registered nurses' (RNs) decisions to call clinicians about suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing home residents.DesignWeb-based discrete choice experiment with 19 clinical scenarios.Setting and ParticipantsOnline survey with a convenience sample of RNs (N = 881) recruited from a health care research panel.MethodsClinical scenarios used information from 10 categories of resident characteristics: UTI risk, resident type, functional status, mental status, lower urinary tract status, body temperature, physical examination, urinalysis, antibiotic request, and goals of care. Participants were randomized into 2 deliberation conditions (self-paced, n = 437 and forced deliberation, n = 444). The degree to which evidence- and non–evidence-based information was important to decision-making was estimated using unconditional multinomial logistic regression.ResultsFor all nurses (22.8%) and the self-paced group (24.1%), lower urinary tract status had the highest importance scores for the decision to call a clinician about a suspected UTI. For the forced-deliberation group, body temperature was most important (23.7%), and lower urinary tract status was less important (21%, P = .001). The information associated with the highest odds of an RN calling about a suspected UTI was painful or difficult urination [odds ratio (OR) 4.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.16–5.65], obvious blood in urine (OR 4.66, 95% CI 3.99–5.44), and temperature at 101.5° (OR 3.80, 95% CI 3.28–4.42). For the self-paced group, painful or difficult urination (OR 5.65, 95% CI 4.53–7.04) had the highest odds, whereas obvious blood in urine (OR 4.39, 95% CI 3.53–5.47) had highest odds for the forced-deliberation group.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study highlighted the importance of specific resident characteristics in nurse decision-making about suspected UTIs. Future antimicrobial stewardship efforts should aim to not only improve the previously studied overprescribing practices of clinicians, but to improve nurses' assessment of signs and symptoms of potential infections and how they weigh resident information.     

癌组织中p16基因甲基化分析

目的探讨抑癌基因p16在胃癌组织中是否存在甲基化异常及其与胃癌发生发展的关系.方法对20例胃癌组织及相应正常胃粘膜组织应用甲基敏感酶(HpaII)和甲基非敏感酶(MspI)酶切,结合PCR扩增技术,对p16基因外显子1、外显子2的二核苷酸胞嘧啶特定序列5'-CCGG-3'位点甲基化进行检测.结果20例胃癌组织中,p16基因外显子1、2异常甲基化分别为5例(25%)和9例(45%),正常组织未发现甲基化异常;14例高甲基化标本中,中分化胃癌4例,低分化7例,高分化1例;有2例存在外显子1、2同时甲基化异常,二者均为低分化胃癌,进展期胃癌(Ⅲa、Ⅳ期各1例)中1例呈现泳动易位;外显子2甲基化异常多发生于晚期肿瘤患者(P<0.05).结论p16基因甲基化异常可能会造成基因功能丧失,从而失去对细胞增殖的负性调控作用,导致胃癌发生与进展;外显子2高甲基化与临床进展有关,可能为晚期事件.     

不同抗炎药物对缺氧所致大鼠离体肺血管环张力变化的影响

为研究离体大鼠肺血管在缺氧时张力的变化,以及甾体、非甾体类抗炎药物对此变化影响的异同性,采用等长收缩技术,测定加入消炎痛或地塞米松前后张力改变的特点及两药作用的差异。结果发现Wistar大鼠与Sprague-Dawley大鼠肺血管环对缺氧的反应不同,后者仅出现收缩反应,而Wistar大鼠在收缩前出现一内皮依赖的舒张;COX非特异性抑制剂消炎痛对缺氧所致的舒张和收缩均有增强作用;COX-2特异性抑制剂地塞米松则在明显抑制舒张的同时轻度增强收缩反应。结果表明不同种属大鼠的肺血管缺氧反应可能存在差异;缩管性PGs和扩管性PGs分别调节急性肺血管缺氧的舒张和收缩反应,这一过程呈一定的内皮依赖性;非选择性和选择性的COX抑制剂对肺血管缺氧反应的作用不尽相同。     

Higher Undercarboxylated to Total Osteocalcin Ratio Is Associated With Reduced Physical Function and Increased 15-Year Falls-Related Hospitalizations: The Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women

Evidence from animal models suggests that undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) is involved in muscle mass maintenance and strength. In humans, the ucOC to total (t)OC ratio may be related to muscle strength and perhaps physical function and falls risk, but data are limited. We tested the hypothesis that ucOC and ucOC/tOC ratio are associated with muscle function (muscle strength and physical function) in older women and 15-year falls-related hospitalizations. Serum tOC and ucOC were assessed in 1261 older women (mean age 75.2 ± 2.7 years) forming the Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women (1998 to 2013). Timed-up-and-go (TUG) and grip strength were assessed at baseline and at 5 years. Falls-related hospitalizations (14.5-year follow-up) were captured by the Hospital Morbidity Data Collection, via the Western Australian Data Linkage System. At baseline, women with higher ucOC/tOC ratio (quartile 4) had slower TUG performance compared with quartile 1 (~0.68 seconds, p < .01). Grip strength and 5-year change of TUG and grip were not different (p > .05) between quartiles. Fear of falling limiting house, outdoor, and combined activities was significantly different across quartiles (p < .05). Higher ucOC/tOC was significantly associated with poorer TUG performance at baseline and 5-year change in performance, increased walking aid use, and fear of falling (all p < .05). Higher ucOC was related to lower grip strength at baseline (p < .05) but not 5-year change in strength. Those with the highest ucOC/tOC had greater falls-related hospitalizations (unadjusted log rank, p = .004) remaining significant after adjusting for key variables (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.57, p = .004). We identified a large proportion of older women with high ucOC/tOC ratio who had reduced physical function, including its long-term decline and increased risk of falls-related hospitalizations. Early identification of women at higher risk can enable prevention and intervention strategies to occur, reducing risk for injurious falls. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..     

Parallel Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Cerebrospinal Fluid with 16S rRNA Probe Microarray

The most commonly used method for detection ofpathogenic bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) speci mens of clinical laboratories is isolation and identificationof the causative agents by cultural method, biochemicaland serological t…     

An analytical method for quantitative estimation of the cytotoxicity of dental alloys

INTRODUCTION　　The two mostimportantcriteria fordental materialsare their bio-functionalandbio-compatible endurance within the anticipated life-span of the dental restoration inthe mouth.The bio-compatibility of amaterial relates mainly to theallergenici…     

前列腺素在慢性低氧降低肺血管反应性中的作用

探讨了慢性低压低氧对大鼠肺血管反应性的影响 ,以及前列腺素在其中的作用。结果表明 :1离体肺动脉在急性低氧时先收缩后舒张。大鼠经慢性低氧 15 d、 30 d后离体肺动脉对急性低氧所致收缩反应 ( Δ TIH)较各自对照组均明显降低 [(10 .11± 9.5 6 ) mg、 (14.5 7± 10 .0 2 ) m g Vs (2 7.15± 12 .0 9) mg、 (2 7.86± 13.0 7) mg,P<0 .0 1) ];舒张反应 (-Δ TIH)较各自对照组均明显增强 [(14.18± 5 .14) mg、 (2 6 .35± 11.74) m g Vs (9.39± 7.12 ) mg、 (8.99± 7.32 ) mg]。 2慢性低氧 15 d、 30 d后单位重量肺血管对高钾收缩反应 (ΔTK0 )为 [(10 5 .4± 32 .2 ) m g、 (113.9±2 8.3) m g],分别低于各自对照组 [(132 .7± 30 .3) m g、 (133.1± 34 .2 ) mg]。 3消炎痛可增强低氧性肺血管收缩反应 ,慢性低氧 30 d组增强百分比为 (148.87± 5 7.0 8) % ,明显高于其对照组 (5 9.0 2± 2 4.5 2 ) % ,P<0 .0 1。提示 :慢性低氧降低肺血管反应性可能是由于肺血管平滑肌的收缩性降低以及前列腺素对 HPV的调节作用增强所致。     

5—氨基水杨酸与乙基纤维素溶混性的计算机模拟

使用计算机辅助分子建模（ＣＡＭＭ）、分子力学和蒙特卡罗方法,模拟了５－氨基水杨酸（５－ＡＳＡ,Ｃ７Ｈ７ＮＯ３,美沙拉灵（ｓｐ－５７－６））与乙基纤维素（ＥＣ）的溶混性。模拟结果显示,在２７３Ｋ至３１６Ｋ的温度范围内,５－氨基水杨酸与乙基纤维素能以任何比例混溶。得出Ｅｍｉｘ（Ｔ）＝Ａ＋ＢＴ＋Ｃ／Ｔ模型,Ａ＝０．３６９４Ｅ＋０４,Ｂ＝－０．２６１０Ｅ－０２,ａｎｄＣ＝０．１８１８Ｅ＋０４,以及Ｅｍｉｘ（Ｔ）模型标准方差,Ｓ＝０．２６５４Ｅ－０３ｋｃａｌ／ｍｏｌ。对乙基纤维素及５－氨基水杨酸与乙基纤维素混溶过程的能量和构象分析表明,混溶过程中有乙基纤维素分子内和乙基纤维素与乙基纤维素分子间氢键形成。对两相混溶体系进行了热力学分析。     

Homosexual foot fetishism

262 respondents from an organization for homosexual foot fetishists provide information from a broader sample than clinical cases and allow examination of the effects of sexual preference on fetishism. Data show a wide range of feet/footwear objects to be arousing. Such interests were often associated with particular types of men, yet interests were subject to change over time. Fetishistic arousal rested on both sensual and symbolic aspects of the fetish. Symbolically, it was the theme of masculinity that made male feet/footwear arousing, showing parallels to femininity evoked by female feet/footwear for male heterosexual fetishists. For many of the respondents, fetishism did not seem to be a substitute for living persons. Respondents had intimate relationships and were able to incorporate their fetish interests into stable relationships and less intimate ones. Considerable involvement in sadomasochistic practices was also found as was involvement in the gay world. Finally, nothing about a fetishistic interest seemed to preclude the development of subcultural forms around the practice.