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OBJECTIVE. To investigate race and gender differences in health care service utilization and costs among the Medicare elderly with psychiatric diagnoses. METHODS. The authors employ a 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries from Tennessee (N = 33,680), and among those with a psychiatric diagnosis (n = 5,339), they examine health care service utilization and costs by race and gender. RESULTS. African Americans had significantly higher rates of diagnosis for dementia, organic psychosis, and schizophrenia, whereas Whites had significantly higher rates for mood and anxiety disorders. White and African American men have higher rates of utilization of emergency and inpatient services and lower rates of outpatient utilization compared to White women and African American women. African American men have significantly higher health care costs. DISCUSSION. The findings suggest that race and gender interact to influence service utilization and preventive care, thereby driving up costs of care, for elderly persons with psychiatric diagnoses.  相似文献   
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Child and Parent Response to the 1993 World Trade Center Bombing   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This study evaluated children's symptoms 3 and 9 months after the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, and the relationship between parent and child reactions when only the children had been in the building. Nine children who had been trapped in an elevator, 13 who had been on the observation deck, and 27 controls completed the Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index and a Fear Inventory. Parents completed these measures about the children and comparable measures about themselves. Exposed children reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and disaster-related fears; their parents reported experiencing PTSD symptoms. Only parents rated children's symptoms as decreasing significantly over time. Association between child symptoms and parent symptoms increased over time. Children's initial distress predicted parents' distress 9 months postdisaster.  相似文献   
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PURPOSE: The study is aimed at assessing the efficacy and safety of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (IAC--i.e. ophthalmic suspension of brinzolamide 1%--Azopt) in the treatment of corneal edema. METHOD: For this purpose, we carried out an experimental, epidemiological-operational, randomised, placebo-controlled and double blind study, on three groups of laboratory animals (rabbits): group 1 (5 rabbits) included endothelial corneal injuries inflicted by ultrasound exposure by means of a phacoemulsification sound in both eyes group 2 (5 rabbits) included endothelial corneal injuries inflicted by direct trauma in both eyes group 3 (3 rabbits)--no endothelial corneal lesions (control group) In each group we instilled, all the animals, with ophthalmic suspension of brinzolamide 1% (Azopt), 1 drop t.i.d., in one eye for 14 days (starting the following day after infliction of endothelial injuries, when the corneal edema was evidenced by biomicroscopic examination) and placebo (saline solution 0.9% with the same osmolar and pH values as the Azopt) in the other eye. The assessment was performed throughout the following stages: To: preceding the infliction of corneal endothelial injuries, resorting to: biomicroscopic examination ultrasound pahimetry direct specular microscopy T1: the following day after infliction of corneal endothelial injuries, resorting to: biomicroscopic examination (the assessment of corneal edema) ultrasound pahimetry (measurement of corneal thickness and, hence edema) direct specular microscopy (cell density and endothelial ultrastructure evaluation: cellular polimegetism, pleiomorphism) T2: in the wake of 14 days therapy (after eye removal), adding to the previous examinations: indirect specular microscopy (with the same aim as the direct examination, yet examination carried out from the endothelial side) pathologic examination (using hematoxilin-eosin dye and Van-Gieson dye).  相似文献   
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The effect of Phagnalon rupestre MeOH extract on dinitrofluorobenzene- and sheep red blood cells-induced hypersensitivity was investigated. Eight compounds were identified: three dimethylallyl-hydroquinone glucosides (1 - 3), 3,5- and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl esters (4 and 5), their free carboxyl analogues (6 and 7), and luteolin 7-O-beta-glucoside (8). All were tested for dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity inhibitory activity. Flavonoid 8 was the most active (49 % and 79 % inhibition at 24 and 96 h, respectively). The hydroquinones 1, 2 and 3 were effective at 96 h after challenge (62 %, 73 % and 60 % inhibition, respectively), while some of the dicaffeoylquinic derivatives (4 and 7) produced slightly lower reduction of the inflammatory reaction.  相似文献   
1000.
A rare case of papillary pneumocytoma of the lung is reported. The immunohistochemical positivities for EMA, cytokeratin and TTF-l strongly support the hypothesis that the neoplastic cells are originated from type 2 pneumocytes. The tumour also presented areas displaying stroma of non-specific mixoid appearance, simulating a benign tumour of the salivary gland type. We propose that these mixoid areas constitute structures of metaplastic origin.  相似文献   
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