持续胸痛4个月及进行性下肢无力2个月

患儿,男,5岁。因胸痛4个月,右下肢无力2个月,双下肢无力10 d入院,无排便、排尿障碍,无意识障碍,双下肢呈上运动神经元性瘫痪,无颅神经受累,无感觉障碍。脊髓MRI示颈6~胸2椎管内肿瘤,压迫脊髓。转入神经外科手术治疗,患儿手术切除肿瘤后逐渐康复,随访6年未复发。该患儿病理诊断为透明细胞型脑（脊）膜瘤（WHO Ⅱ级）。儿童胸痛伴运动障碍,应与脊膜瘤这种椎管内肿瘤鉴别。     

微乳的研究进展及应用

微乳是由油相、水相、乳化剂及助乳化剂在适当比例自发形成的一种透明或半透明、低黏度、各向同性且热力学稳定的油水混合系统,其作为药物载体的主要优点是可同时增溶不同溶解性能的成分,分散性好,利于吸收,提高生物利用度.现从微乳作为给药载体时的特点和在药剂学中的研究应用情况,对近年来国外进展状况进行综述.     

LHRHa靶向紫杉醇脂质体的制备及体外抗肿瘤作用

目的:制备促黄体激素释放激素类似物(Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues,LHRHa)靶向紫杉醇脂质体(Paclitaxel liposomes,PTX-Lipo),研究其在体外增强紫杉醇(Paclitaxel,PTX)对卵巢癌A2780/DDP细胞的抑制作用。方法:采用薄膜超声法制备PTX-Lipo与LHRHa靶向紫杉醇脂质体(LHRHa-Paclitaxel liposomes,LHRHa-PTX-Lipo),用透射电镜考察脂质体形态;高效液相色谱法测定2种PTX-Lipo的包封率;激光共聚焦法通过卵巢癌A2780/DDP细胞对4-氟-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并氧杂恶二唑荧光素的摄取检测来反映细胞对NBD-Lipo与NBD-LHRHa-Lipo的摄取情况;MTT法及细胞克隆形成实验检测LHRHa-PTX-Lipo体外对卵巢癌细胞的生长抑制情况。结果:制备LHRHa-PTX-Lipo的平均粒径123.4 nm,包封率在90%以上;A2780/DDP细胞对NBD-LHRHa-Lipo组的荧光摄取明显高于NBD-Lipo组;LHRHa-PTX-Lipo对A2780/DDP细胞的生长及克隆形成抑制明显高于PTX组及PTX-Lipo组(P<0.05)。结论:采用薄膜超声法制备的LHRHa-PTX-Lipo可使药物在靶部位聚集,增强药物对卵巢癌细胞的抑制作用。     

四乙基铅中毒临床研究进展

四乙基铅(tetraethyllead,TEL)为无色油状略有水果香味的液体,易挥发,易溶于有机溶剂、脂肪和类脂质,经呼吸道、消化道和皮肤吸收.TEL是1921年发现的,1923年开始在车用汽油中使用,直至1959年被人们用作唯一的辛烷值改进剂.1960年TEL进入抗爆剂市场,催化重整工艺的发展使其使用量迅速增加.目前,TEL及其化学混合物和物理混合物仍作为重要抗爆剂在某些地区广泛使用.     

护理风险预警机制在慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝衰竭病人护理中的应用效果

目的:探讨护理风险预警机制在慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭病人护理中的应用效果。方法:选取2018年1月—2019年12月我院收治的104例慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭病人,按照病人入院顺序,并采用单双号抽签方式分为对照组和观察组,各52例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组临床护理中引入护理风险预警机制,对比两组肝功能指标、并发症发生情况、护理满意度、护理质量评分、护理缺陷评分及住院时间。结果:干预后,两组肝功能指标均有所改善,且观察组下降幅度较对照组大(P<0.001);观察组与对照组并发症发生率分别为7.69%、25.00%,观察组与对照组总满意度分别为96.15%、76.92%,观察组病人护理质量评分高于对照组,护理缺陷评分及住院时间低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:将护理风险预警机制用于慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭病人的临床护理中,有利于改善病人肝功能指标,减少并发症及护理缺陷,提高护理满意度,提升护理质量,缩短病人住院时间。     

Long-lasting renal dysfunction following tacrolimus induction therapy in ulcerative colitis patients

Although tacrolimus (TAC) has remarkable effects in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients when given as remission induction therapy, some can develop renal dysfunction during TAC administration, resulting in withdrawal, though related details remain poorly understood. This study was conducted to determine the impact of oral TAC on renal function for remission induction therapy in UC patients. Fifty-five patients (10 elderly, 45 non-elderly) with UC and treated with oral TAC at our hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Renal function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Although a high clinical response to TAC was seen in both elderly and non-elderly, a decline in eGFR was noted in nearly all patients regardless of age, with a maximum change of −34.4% from the baseline value at week 11. Furthermore, eGFR decline recovered quickly after TAC discontinuation, though did not return to the baseline at two years following cessation. The rate of eGFR change at week 12 was significantly associated with patient age (β = −0.3242, p = 0.0103) and peak serum trough level during TAC treatment (β = 0.3563, p = 0.0051). Furthermore, the rate of decline in eGFR was significantly greater during treatment with TAC in the elderly as compared to non-elderly, with a large difference in eGFR decline rate between those groups also noted at two years after withdrawal of treatment. Careful attention to renal function when administering oral TAC for UC is important and changes in eGFR should be monitored closely in elderly patients even after treatment cessation.     

白癜风伴矮小、耳聋、视力下降一例

报道1例白癜风伴矮小、耳聋、视力下降。患者,男,6岁,出生时即出现黄疸,1岁时发现发育延迟,4岁时出现听力减退,5岁时诊断为矮小,同年发生右上臂白斑。全外显子测序发现PTPRQ基因突变。皮肤科检查：右上臂屈侧多片色素减退斑。诊断：白癜风合并矮小、耳聋、视力下降。     

挪威疥误诊为红皮病一例

患者,女,75岁。周身红斑、丘疹6个月伴糜烂、渗出4天,曾于当地诊所予以“西替利嗪片、糠酸模米松乳膏”治疗,症状无好转,皮疹逐渐泛发,我院门诊以“红皮病并皮肤感染”收入院。入院后第二天追问病史,既往曾有周身剧烈瘙痒,以腹部、指缝等部位为著,夜间加重,其家人有典型疥疮样皮损,为患者完善直接镜检见多个疥虫及虫卵。     

误诊为带状疱疹的血管肉瘤一例

患者,女,78岁。右侧头皮部结节水疱伴疼痛3个月,外院误诊为带状疱疹,给予抗炎,抗病毒,止痛等对症治疗无明显效果。我院病理及免疫组化诊断为血管肉瘤。患者拒绝治疗。     

Grape seed powder increases gastrointestinal motility

Grape seed is an important natural bioactive product with various health benefits. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The present study investigated the effects of grape seed powder (GSP) on ICC properties and GI motility. GSP depolarized the pacemaker potentials of ICCs in a dose‑dependent manner. Y25130 or SB269970 slightly inhibited GSP‑induced effects. However, Y25130 and SB269970 together completely blocked GSP-induced effects. In the presence of inhibitors of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, or mitogen-activated protein kinase, GSP‑induced ICC depolarization was inhibited. GSP increased the intestinal transit rate in normal mice and in mice with acetic acid-induced GI motility disorder. In addition, the levels of motilin and substance P were elevated after GSP dosing. These results demonstrate that GSP can regulate GI motility, and therefore, it is a potential therapeutic agent for treating GI motility disorders.