基于常规和三元整合教育方案对超低出生体重儿住院期间父母焦虑抑郁影响的历史对照研究

目的 评价专业人员-父母-住院早产儿三元整合教育方案(三元整合教育方案)在超低出生体重早产儿(ELBW)中的临床应用效果。方法 选取复旦大学附属儿科医院2个年度ELBW的连续样本,对照组常规护理教育方案,实验组三元整合教育方案,采用贝克焦虑量表 (BAI)和贝克抑郁量表第2版(BDI-Ⅱ)作为评价焦虑和抑郁的工具,比较不同教育方案父母的焦虑、抑郁程度的差别和父母入院时和出院前焦虑、抑郁水平。结果 实验组79对父母、对照组64对父母进入本文分析。实验组ELBW平均孕周小于对照组,试管婴儿比例高于对照组,机械通气时间长于对照组,但住院时间并不长于对照组,母乳喂养率也较对照组明显增高,差异均有统计学意义。入院时实验组和对照组BAI粗分[(18.9±9.8)vs (17.1±10.2)]和BDI-Ⅱ评分[(17.2±8.8)vs (16.0±9.0)],中重度焦虑[(37/128) vs (36/158)]和中重度抑郁的例数[(38/128) vs (51/158)],差异均无统计学意义;实验组和对照组出院时较入院时BAI粗分下降了(11.0±6.5)分和(8.5±2.3)分,BDI-Ⅱ评分下降了(11.3±8.1)分和(9.1±7.9)分,中重度焦虑和中重度抑郁的例数均有明显下降,差异均有统计学意义;实验组焦虑和抑郁评分改善值好于对照组,差异有统计学意义。入院时父亲焦虑和抑郁评分均较高于母亲,差异均有统计学意义。结论 三元整合教育方案明显降低了ELBW父母焦虑、抑郁的水平,在单中心的历史对照研究中得到较好的验证。     

MRI对痛风性膝关节炎诊断的准确性研究

目的探讨MRI对痛风性膝关节炎诊断的准确性。方法回顾性分析张家港澳洋医院2015年7月至2019年2月收治的31例慢性痛风患者膝关节双能量CT和MRI检查图像,以双能量CT为金标准,检验MRI对痛风石检出的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性。结果 4例患者行双侧膝关节双能量CT和MRI检查,共35个膝关节纳入研究。MRI对痛风石检出的特异性为0. 977(95%CI:0. 930～0. 994),敏感性为0. 648(95%CI:0. 551～0. 735),阳性预测值为96. 0%,阴性预测值为77. 0%,准确性为82. 8%。结论与双能量CT相比,MRI具有较高的特异性和准确性,对痛风性关节炎的诊断潜力较大。     

Different classes of antibiotics exhibit disparate negative impacts on the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients

It has been reported that antibiotics (ATBs) have adverse effect on the efficacy of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients. Since different classes of ATBs have different antibacterial spectrum, we aimed to study whether all ATBs had similar or different negative effects on the clinical outcomes of ICIs in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with advanced NSCLC who received ICIs were included in this retrospective study and grouped by the class of ATBs they had used around the ICIs treatment time. The overall survival (OS) and the progression free survival (PFS) of patients among these groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 148 eligible patients were enrolled, and 80 patients used ATBs. The results indicated that quinolones had no significant negative consequence on the clinical outcomes, while β-lactams significantly shortened the OS and PFS of patients. Furthermore, patients exposed to the combination of β-lactams and quinolones suffered the worst OS and PFS. Moreover, the subgroup analysis of β-lactams revealed that only penicillins, but not carbapenems and cephalosporins, markedly reduced both OS and PFS. In addition to the class of ATBs used, the time frame of ATBs used also affected the clinical outcomes of ICIs therapy. Patients receiving ATBs within 60 days prior to and 30 days after the initiation of ICI treatment had significantly shorter OS and PFS compared with those who did not use ATBs. This study demonstrated that different classes of ATBs had disparate negative impacts on the clinical outcomes, and the use of β-lactams, especially penicillins, should be avoided in advanced NSCLC patients who are receiving or scheduled to receive ICIs within 60 days.     

不同灸法治疗原发性痛经的临床研究进展

目的:通过对近十年不同灸法治疗原发性痛经的临床研究文献进行整理分析,了解各种灸法治疗原发性痛经的临床疗效,以期择优选择适宜灸法治疗原发性痛经。方法:以"灸""原发性痛经""功能性痛经"为主题词,在中英文数据库上检索近十年(2010年1月—2020年2月)灸法治疗原发性痛经临床研究文献。结果:临床上灸法治疗原发性痛经的方法众多,主要以温和灸、温针灸、热敏灸为主,应用灸法治疗原发性痛经最多的证型是寒凝血瘀型(或寒湿凝滞型),但大部分临床研究未进行辨证给予艾灸治疗痛经以及同种证型痛经应用不同灸法的疗效差异未进行比较。结论:各种灸法治疗原发性痛经的临床疗效均较显著,但疗效差异不详,故今后要开展更多高质量的临床研究不同灸法治疗痛经之间疗效差异,明确不同证型痛经所适宜的灸法以提高临床疗效。     

年龄相关性白内障术后视力再下降患者的临床特征分析

目的 分析年龄相关性白内障术后视力再下降患者的临床特征,为该病诊断和治疗提供依据.方法 收集2017年1月至2020年6月在北京朝阳医院眼科就诊的年龄相关性白内障术后视力再下降患者,回顾性分析其疾病构成比、裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、等效球镜度、前房深度及眼底病变等.结果 本研究共收集283例(397眼)白内障...     

癌症复发恐惧在中青年淋巴瘤患者家庭功能与创伤后成长间的中介效应研究

目的：探讨癌症复发恐惧在中青年淋巴瘤患者家庭功能与创伤后成长间的中介作用。方法：采用自行设计一般资料调查表、创伤后成长量表、癌症患者恐惧疾病进展简化量表、家庭功能评定量表对280例淋巴瘤患者进行调查。结果：淋巴瘤患者创伤后成长总分为（69.69±17.75）分,与既往调查结果一致,个人力量条目均分最高;淋巴瘤患者恐惧疾病进展量表总分为（40.01±9.08）分,高于大肠癌、乳腺癌患者得分;淋巴瘤患者家庭功能总分为（134.61±22.11）分,家庭功能处于一般水平。创伤后成长、癌症复发恐惧、家庭功能三者两两之间存在相关性。癌症复发恐惧在创伤后成长与家庭功能间发挥中介作用,中介效应占总效应比为32.69%。结论：临床护理工作中,要重视家庭访视和居家护理的作用,提高家属对患者治疗康复护理的积极性和投入度,改善患者家庭功能,加强健康教育,分享成功抗癌经验,降低患者的癌症复发恐惧,提高患者创伤后成长水平。     

浅低温对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤合并脓毒症大鼠模型的心肌保护作用

目的:探究浅低温对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤合并脓毒症大鼠模型的心肌保护作用.方法:共15只SD大鼠随机分为心肌缺血-再灌注损伤合并脓毒症浅低温(MHT)组、心肌缺血-再灌注损伤合并脓毒症常温(NT)组和假手术常温组作为对照组.大鼠心肌缺血后再灌注同时给予内毒素,然后MHT组将大鼠置于冰床降温,15 min内达(33.0±0...     

经皮肾微造瘘大功率钬激光碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的比较

目的比较经皮肾微穿刺造瘘大功率钬激光碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析我院自2005年1月～2007年10月使用大功率(45～60W)钬激光碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石患者82例92侧的临床资料,比较两种碎石方法的手术时间、结石取净率、术中出血量、并发症发生率等指标。结果钬激光组48侧患肾,气压弹道组44侧患肾,钬激光组平均碎石取石时间67min(43～124min),低于气压弹道组99min(66～142min)。钬激光组I期治疗结石排净率为75%,Ⅱ期治疗后结石总排净率为87.5%;气压弹道组I期治疗结石排净率为63.6%,Ⅱ期治疗后结石总排净率为75%。钬激光组术中出血量63ml(20～210ml),低于气压弹道组术中出血量125ml(40～310ml)。手术并发症发生率钬激光组为8.3%,低于气压弹道组18.1%。结论经皮肾微穿刺造瘘大功率钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石较气压弹道碎石术碎石时间短、效率高、手术并发症低,是治疗复杂性肾结石的有效方法。     

Individual and joint effects of borderline ankle-brachial index and high plasma total homocysteine on all-cause death in hypertensive adults

BACKGROUNDThe cardiovascular hazards of total homocysteine (tHcy) are long known. In addition, despite the acknowledgment on the importance of low ankle-brachial index (ABI) (< 0.9), borderline ABI (0.91-0.99) was once commonly overlooked. This study aims to explore the independent and joint effect of tHcy level and borderline ABI on all-cause death in hypertensive population.METHODSThis study included 10,538 participants from China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. ABI was described into two groups: normal ABI (1.00-1.40) and borderline ABI. tHcy level was also divided into two groups: < 15.02 and ≥ 15.02 μmo/L. Four groups were analyzed, using COX proportional hazard regression model, separately and pairwise to observe the independent and joint effect on all-cause death.RESULTSA total of 126 (1.2%) deaths were observed in the 1.7 years follow-up time. Borderline ABI has a higher predicted risk of death than normal ABI (HR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.17-3.00) after adjusting for potential covariates. Compare with tHcy level < 15.02 μmo/L (low tHcy), those with tHcy ≥ 15.02 μmo/L (high tHcy) had higher risk to event outcome (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.30-3.05). According to the cumulative hazard curve, group with borderline ABI and high tHcy level has significantly higher altitude and larger increasing rate over follow-up period compare to other groups. Among those with borderline ABI, participants with high tHcy had higher death risk than those with low tHcy, nevertheless, no significant different between borderline and normal ABI among those with low tHcy levels.CONCLUSIONSBorderline ABI and tHcy level both have independent predictive value on all-cause death. The combined group of borderline ABI and high tHcy has highest risk factor of outcomes, which suggested the mutual additive value of borderline ABI and tHcy. More attention should be given to the importance of borderline ABI in hypertensive population, especially with elevated tHcy level.

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing, non-proteinogenic amino acid synthesized through the transmethylation of amino acid methionine from one-carbon metabolism. Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increased blood coagulation, and metabolic disturbance, promoting cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and coronary artery disease.^[1,2] Notably, patients with high Hcy levels and concomitant hypertension were suggested to be at particularly higher risk.^[3] Moreover, increasing studies have explored a positive association between advanced Hcy level with all-cause mortality. According to a recent dose-response meta-analysis, for each 5-μmol/L increment of tHcy levels, the risk for all-cause mortality increased by 33.6%.^[4]The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is an effective, well-established measure that is commonly used in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD),^[5] meanwhile was well studied as an important indicator of atherosclerosis and CVD events.^[6] Although ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤ 0.90 has been recognized as the threshold value for abnormal/low ABI, which was proven to increase the risk of all-cause mortality,^[7] a study from the American Heart Association has suggested ABI between 0.91 and 1.00 should be considered as “borderline area” in terms of cardiovascular risks,^[8] considering of prior probability and sensitivity of ABI calculation. Emerging studies have aimed to explore the predictive value of borderline ABI,^[9-11] however, controversy remains because of limited and inconsistent data. The current study aimed to explore the individual and joint effect of borderline ABI and tHcy on all-cause mortality among hypertensive adults. Although ABI level ≤ 0.90 has been and is going to remain significant in clinical practice, we believe broader concern should be placed on borderline ABI, especially for its value in risk differentiation and identification. To the best of our knowledge, there are no similar previous studies.     

腹腔镜与开腹附件手术效果的比较

目的 探讨妇科腹腔镜下附件手术的临床效果.方法 将妇科83例附件手术随机分为腹腔镜组(43例)和开腹组(40例),对两组患者的特征及术中、术后情况进行对比分析.结果 两组在年龄、体重、剖腹术史、疾病分类方面差异无显著性(P>0.05).术中出血量、术后对镇痛药的需求、术后住院日及恢复时间,腹腔镜组显著减少(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜手术治疗附件疾病安全有效,优于传统开腹手术.