癫癎痴笑发作8例临床分析

目的总结癫癎痴笑发作（GS）的病因、临床特点和临床进展，为制定临床诊疗决策提供依据。方法：2012年1月～2013年12月，结合患者头颅MRI、PET—CT和24 h视频脑电图（V-EEG）检查结果及典型GS的临床表现，收集8例门诊诊断为GS的病例进行分析。结果：根据患者的临床表现和辅助检查综合判断，6例诊断为症状性GS，2例隐原性GS。其中3例仅有痴笑发作，5例合并有1～2种其他发作类型。所有患者均接受1～3种抗癫癎药治疗，结果3例发作得到控制，2例发作减少〉50％，3例无效。结论：通过分析病历，进一步强调了除下丘脑错构瘤为常见病因外，额、颞、顶、枕等脑叶的病变也可导致GS。对MRI正常的患者，PET—CT能更好地显示病灶。对于EEG和MRI均正常的患者，典型的临床症状和诊断性治疗更有助于早期确诊及改善预后。     

糖尿病大鼠肾脏细胞凋亡与Bax和Bcl-2基因表达

目的　观察糖尿病大鼠肾脏细胞凋亡、Bax和 Bcl- 2表达及二者的相关性。　方法　单侧肾切除大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱发糖尿病 ,采用原位末端标记法检测肾脏细胞凋亡 ;流式细胞术和免疫组化检测肾皮质 Bax和 Bcl- 2表达水平 ;原位杂交检测 Bax和 Bcl- 2 m RNA表达 ,并观察尿蛋白、BU N、尿肌酐等反映肾功能的有关指标。　结果　在制模后 2、4、8、12周时 ,糖尿病组大鼠较对照组肾小球、肾小管凋亡细胞数明显增多 ,Bax、Bcl- 2蛋白和 m RNA的表达显著增强 (P<0 .0 5 )。随着大鼠糖尿病病程延长 ,肾功能恶化 ,肾脏凋亡细胞数逐渐增多 ,Bax表达亦逐渐增强 ,Bax/Bcl- 2比增加 ,且肾脏凋亡细胞数与 Bax及 Bax/Bcl- 2比具有相关性 (P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　肾脏凋亡细胞的不断增加可能是糖尿病肾病发生、发展的原因之一 ,Bax和 Bcl- 2可能参与肾脏细胞凋亡的调控。     

Experimental Investigations of Micro-Meso Damage Evolution for a Co/WC-Type Tool Material with Application of Digital Image Correlation and Machine Learning

Commercial Co/WC/diamond composites are hard metals and very useful as a kind of tool material, for which both ductile and quasi-brittle behaviors are possible. This work experimentally investigates their damage evolution dependence on microstructural features. The current study investigates a different type of Co/WC-type tool material which contains 90 vol.% Co instead of the usual <50 vol.%. The studied composites showed quasi-brittle behavior. An in-house-designed testing machine realizes the in-situ micro-computed tomography (μCT) under loading. This advanced equipment can record local damage in 3D during the loading. The digital image correlation technique delivers local displacement/strain maps in 2D and 3D based on tomographic images. As shown by nanoindentation tests, matrix regions near diamond particles do not possess higher hardness values than other regions. Since local positions with high stress are often coincident with those with high strain, diamonds, which aim to achieve composites with high hardnesses, contribute to the strength less than the WC phase. Samples that illustrated quasi-brittle behavior possess about 100–130 MPa higher tensile strengths than those with ductile behavior. Voids and their connections (forming mini/small cracks) dominant the detected damages, which means void initiation, growth, and coalescence should be the damage mechanisms. The void appears in the form of debonding. Still, it is uncovered that debonding between Co-diamonds plays a major role in provoking fatal fractures for composites with quasi-brittle behavior. An optimized microstructure should avoid diamond clusters and their local volume concentrations. To improve the time efficiency and the object-identification accuracy in μCT image segmentation, machine learning (ML), U-Net in the convolutional neural network (deep learning), is applied. This method takes only about 40 min to segment more than 700 images, i.e., a great improvement of the time efficiency compared to the manual work and the accuracy maintained. The results mentioned above demonstrate knowledge about the strengthening and damage mechanisms for Co/WC/diamond composites with >50 vol.% Co. The material properties for such tool materials (>50 vol.% Co) is rarely published until now. Efforts made in the ML part contribute to the realization of autonomous processing procedures in big-data-driven science applied in materials science.     

回转器模拟微重力对大肠杆菌基因和蛋白表达的影响(英文)

目的研究回转器模拟微重力对革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)基因与蛋白表达的影响。方法采用回转器模拟微重力效应,连续2周作用于大肠杆菌ATCC 25922菌株,选取16个靶基因,RT-PCR反应检测处理菌株和对照菌株基因表达的变化;提取菌体蛋白进行双向电泳,电泳图谱采用ImageMaster 2D Platinum软件分析,找出差异表达蛋白,进行基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱(MALDI TOF/TOF质谱)分析。结果在模拟微重力效应作用下,处理菌株与对照菌株相比,16个靶基因中有4个靶基因表达上调,5个下调;15个差异表达蛋白点,其中4个表达上调蛋白质谱鉴定为抗转录终止蛋白NusG、固氮铁蛋白、硫醇过氧化物酶,1个表达下调蛋白为未知蛋白,2个新增蛋白为谷氨酰胺ABC转运周质蛋白,1个表达消失蛋白为IclR转录调节蛋白家族。结论模拟微重力效应可引起大肠杆菌基因及功能蛋白表达的变化。     

口腔冲洗器在经口气管插管患者口腔护理中的应用

目的观察口腔冲洗器在经口气管插管患者口腔护理中的应用效果,了解其对口腔感染和呼吸机相关性肺炎发生的影响。方法将经口气管插管行机械通气治疗的108例患者按入住ICU时间分为观察组和对照组各54例,观察组采用口腔冲洗器对患者进行口腔冲洗;对照组采用传统的棉球擦拭法进行口腔护理,观察两组口腔护理效果。结果观察组口腔异味评分、咽拭子阳性率和VAP发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论经口气管插管患者应用口腔冲洗器进行口腔护理,能较好地控制口腔异味的形成,降低口腔感染和呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率,是经口气管插管患者口腔护理安全、易行的方法。     

Involvement of Interleukin-17A in Pancreatic Damage in Rat Experimental Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis

Interleukin (IL)-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine, which has recently attracted much interest due to its pathogenic role in various inflammatory conditions such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune diseases, but the role of IL-17A in acute pancreatitis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-17A in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). We analyzed the expression of IL-17A during the pathogenesis of ANP in vivo induced by 3 % sodium taurocholate (NaTc), by microarray test, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry. The effects of IL-17A on pancreatic acinar cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were further investigated in vitro using recombinant rat IL-17A (rIL-17A). Expression of IL-17A was significantly increased following experimental acute pancreatitis. In addition, rIL-17A induced rat pancreatic acinar cell necrosis and promoted expression of several target genes, including IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL5, in acinar cells and PSCs. These findings suggest that IL-17A may be involved in pancreatic damage by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during experimental acute pancreatitis.     

Characterization of Brain Microstructural Abnormalities in High Myopia Patients: A Preliminary Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Study

ObjectiveTo evaluate microstructural damage in high myopia (HM) patients using 3T diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).Materials and MethodsThis prospective study included 30 HM patients and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) with DKI. Kurtosis parameters including kurtosis fractional anisotropy (FA), mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK), and radial kurtosis (RK) as well as diffusion metrics including FA, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity derived from DKI were obtained. Group differences in these metrics were compared using tract-based spatial statistics. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlations between microstructural changes and disease duration.ResultsCompared to HCs, HM patients showed significantly reduced AK, RK, MK, and FA and significantly increased AD, predominately in the bilateral corticospinal tract, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and left thalamus (all p < 0.05, threshold-free cluster enhancement corrected). In addition, DKI-derived kurtosis parameters (AK, RK, and MK) had negative correlations (r = −0.448 to −0.376, all p < 0.05) and diffusion parameter (AD) had positive correlations (r = 0.372 to 0.409, all p < 0.05) with disease duration.ConclusionHM patients showed microstructural alterations in the brain regions responsible for motor conduction and vision-related functions. DKI is useful for detecting white matter abnormalities in HM patients, which might be helpful for exploring and monitoring the pathogenesis of the disease.     

Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography for detecting simulated apical root resorption

Objective:To compare the diagnostic accuracy between cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and periapical radiography for detecting simulated external apical root resorption (EARR) in vitro.Materials and Methods:The study sample consisted of 160 single-rooted premolar teeth for simulating EARR of varying degrees according to four setups: no (intact teeth), mild (cavity of 1.0 mm in diameter and depth on root surface), moderate (0.4 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.2 mm, and 1.6 mm root shortening), and severe (2.4 mm, 2.8 mm, 3.2 mm, and 3.6 mm root shortening). Two groups of radiographic images were obtained via CBCT and periapical radiography. The absence or presence and the severity for all resorption lesions were evaluated blindly by two calibrated observers.Results:With the CBCT method, the rates of correct classification of no, mild, moderate, and severe EARR were 96.3%, 98.8%, 41.3%, and 87.5%, respectively; with the periapical radiography method, the rates were 82.5%, 41.3%, 68.8%, and 92.5%, respectively. Highly significant differences were found between the two imaging methods for detection of mild (P < .001), moderate (P < .001), and all EARR (P < .001). For detection of all EARR, the sensitivity and specificity values were 75.8% and 96.3% for CBCT, compared with 67.5% and 82.5% for periapical radiography.Conclusion:CBCT is a reliable diagnostic tool to detect simulated EARR, whereas periapical radiography underestimates it. However, if a periapical radiograph is already available to the diagnosis of EARR, CBCT should be used with extreme caution to avoid additional radiation exposure.