CT perfusion imaging can detect residual lung tumor early after radiofrequency ablation: a preliminary animal study on both tumoral and peri-tumoral region assessment

BackgroundRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure to treat lung cancer. Timely evaluation on residual lung tumor after RFA is crucial to the prognosis, hence, our objective is to assess CT perfusion (CTP) on detection of residual lung tumor early after RFA.MethodsCTP imaging was performed in 24 lung VX2 tumor models 1 day before and within 1 hour after RFA. CTP maps with dual-input (n=24) and single-input [n=13, with predominant ground glass opacity (GGO) after RFA] models were generated using the maximal slope method. Regions of interest were independently placed on the maximal cross-sectional tumor before and after RFA and on GGO after RFA by two thoracic radiologists. The bronchial flow (BF), pulmonary flow (PF) and perfusion index (PI) were compared between pre-RFA and post-RFA images. The parameters (BF, PF and PI of tumor; PF of GGO) of the complete and incomplete RFA groups were compared based on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH) and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and were correlated with the microvascular density (MVD).ResultsThe BF and PF decreased after RFA (all P values <0.03). The decrease in BF and PF (ΔBF and ΔPF) in the complete RFA group was higher (P=0.01; 0.02). The areas under the curve (AUC) of ΔBF and ΔPF at 14.85 and 17.25 mL/min/100 mL in determination of tumor with complete ablation were 0.80 and 0.78, respectively. ΔBF was positively correlated with MVD (P=0.046, r=0.468). PF of GGO with incomplete RFA was higher (P=0.001). The AUC of PF ≤29.4 mL/min/100 mL in determination of tumor with complete ablation was 0.99.ConclusionsCTP could detect residual lung tumor early after RFA in a rabbit model, which might provide a clinical solution to early treatment assessment after RFA.     

Many-Scale Investigations of the Deformation Behavior of Polycrystalline Composites: I—Machine Learning Applied for Image Segmentation

Our work investigates the polycrystalline composite deformation behavior through multiscale simulations with experimental data at hand. Since deformation mechanisms on the micro-level link the ones on the macro-level and the nanoscale, it is preferable to perform micromechanical finite element simulations based on real microstructures. The image segmentation is a necessary step for the meshing. Our 2D EBSD images contain at least a few hundred grains. Machine learning (ML) was adopted to automatically identify subregions, i.e., individual grains, to improve local feature extraction efficiency and accuracy. Denoising in preprocessing and postprocessing before and after ML, respectively, is beneficial in high quality feature identification. The ML algorithms used were self-developed with the usage of inherent code packages (Python). The performances of the three supervised ML models—decision tree, random forest, and support vector machine—are compared herein; the latter two achieved accuracies of up to 99.8%. Calculations took about 0.5 h from the original input dataset (EBSD image) to the final output (segmented image) running on a personal computer (CPU: 3.6 GHz). For a realizable manual pixel sortation, the original image was firstly scaled from the initial resolution 10802 pixels down to 3002. After ML, some manual work was necessary due to the remaining noises to achieve the final image status ready for meshing. The ML process, including this manual work time, improved efficiency by a factor of about 24 compared to a purely manual process. Simultaneously, ML minimized the geometrical deviation between the identified and original features, since it used the original resolution. For serial work, the time efficiency would be enhanced multiplicatively.     

肺复合性小细胞癌45例临床观察

目的:探讨肺复合性小细胞癌的临床特征、治疗及预后,观察不同治疗方法对预后的影响。方法:对2001年2月-2005年12月治疗的肺复合性小细胞癌患者45例,随机分为同步放化疗组23例和续贯放化疗组22例,分别应用同步放化疗和续贯放化疗方法治疗。结果:45例肺复合性小细胞癌同步放化疗患者平均生存期、3年生存率明显优于续贯放化疗方法治疗。结论:采取合理的治疗方案,外科手术加同步放化疗可以取得良好疗效,延长患者的生存期。     

护理分级及标识管理在ICU护理管理中的应用

目的探讨护理分级及标识管理在ICU护理管理中的效果。方法根据入院时间次序,将在本科室住院治疗的87例病人设为对照组,在护理管理中采用传统方法进行床位分配;84例病人设为干预组,采用ICU病人ABCD护理分级方法及标识管理进行人力资源分配,观察两组病人不良事件发生情况。结果干预组病人压疮、非计划性拔管、使用呼吸机卧位不正确、强化胰岛素治疗病人发生低血糖、呼吸机相关性肺炎、导管相关性感染发生率低于对照组,两组比较,均P0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论在ICU护理管理中采用护理分级及标识管理方法进行人力资源分配可提高护理质量。     

血管性痴呆的可能心理社会危险因素

目的探索血管性痴呆(VD)可能的心理社会危险因素。方法在城市社区中分层整群抽样,10年间完成两次二阶段法调查的55岁及以上人群共5055人。工具为“上海市老年研究访问卷”中有关内容。1987年第一次调查非痴呆4896名老人多方面的心理社会因素资料,以及进行MMSE和ADL量表评定。10后复访,按DSM-Ⅲ-R和Hachinski缺血指数作出痴呆和VD的临床诊断,计算VD年发病率,以Logistic回归法分析VD老人10年前那些心理社会因素对10年后VD疾病发生产生可能的影响。结果10年后访到1206名老年人中有新发痴呆124名,其中VD36名。经统计分析相对危险度(RR),发现VD的心理社会危险因素主要有不参加集体活动、对生活不满意、有不良生活事件和抑郁等4项(RR＞1);此外,ADL总分有较好预测VD的作用。结论心理社会危险因素在VD的发生和发展中可能有一定的影响作用。     

Bio-based arginine surface-modified ammonium polyphosphate: an efficient intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin

In this work, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was surface-modified by bio-based arginine (Arg) for the first time to enhance its flame retardance for fire-safety epoxy resin (EP). The structure of Arg modified APP (Arg-APP) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results illustrated that Arg was attached on the surface of APP through a cation exchange reaction. With Arg acting as the efficient carbon source, the char-forming ability of Arg-APP was significantly improved as illustrated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flame retardance of EP/APP and EP/Arg-APP composites was evaluated using the limit oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning tests (UL-94), and cone calorimeter tests (CCT). The results showed that at the same weight loading (15 wt%), Arg-APP had better flame retardance and smoke suppression performance compared with pristine APP, which can be attributed to Arg-APP constituting an integrated intumescent flame retardant (IFR) and facilitating formation of char residues with significantly expanded structures and higher carbonization degrees. When the weight loading of Arg-APP reached 25 wt%, the EP/Arg-APP composite could achieve an LOI value as high as 34.7%, pass V-0 requirements in UL-94 tests, and decrease the peak heat release rate and total smoke production by 83.5% and 61.1% compared with neat EP in CCT, respectively, indicating the superior flame retardance performance of Arg-APP. Finally, the effects of the flame retardant additives on the mechanical properties of EP were evaluated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests and tensile-strain tests. At the same additive weight loading (15 wt%), the EP/Arg-APP composite showed higher glass-transition temperature and better tensile-strain properties compared with EP/APP composite, which can be attributed to the Arg shell structure improving the compatibility between APP and the organic substrate. In conclusion, this work presents a convenient and environmentally friendly method to improve the practical performance of APP.

Arginine modified ammonium polyphosphate was prepared through the cation-exchange reaction and applied as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin.     

人格特征对城市居民主观幸福感的影响

目的探讨人格特征与城市居民主观幸福感的关系。方法以266名城市居民作为被试,采用中国城市居民主观幸福感量表简本和艾森克人格问卷进行评定,并进行相关分析。结果主观幸福感和人格特征之间存在显著相关。外向性与主观幸福感得分有显著正相关;神经质与主观幸福感得分有显著负相关;精神质与主观幸福感有显著负相关。结论外向性和神经质等人格特征是影响城市居民幸福感的重要因素。     

RAM7,一种新的核蛋白分子在小鼠中枢神经系统的表达

Notch信号途径参与动物多种组织和器官尤其是神经系统的发育调节。 RBP-Jκ是 Notch信号途径中的关键分子 ,RAM7是近年通过酵母双杂交技术发现的与 RBP-Jκ相互作用的蛋白。本实验表达 RAM7C-末端 60 k D的多肽片段 ,并制备特异性的多克隆抗体 ,检测 RAM7在小鼠中枢神经系统的分布。结果显示 :RAM7主要呈细胞核染色 ,在中枢神经系统中广泛分布 ;尾壳核、丘脑室旁核、下丘脑室旁核、室周核等核团内没有 RAM7阳性神经元 ,但存在着一定数量的 RAM7阳性神经纤维 ;另有相当多 RAM7胞浆染色的细胞和神经元以及一些胶质细胞 ,局限在脑室和脑室周围的神经组织中。RAM7分子的分布对其可能的生理功能有一定的提示作用     

含氟牙膏对幼儿尿氟含量影响的初步研究

本实验观察了含氟牙膏对３１名４－５岁幼儿氟化物摄入水平的影响。结果发现幼儿使用含氟牙膏３月后尿氟浓度和２４小时尿氟排泄量为０．９６ｐｐｍ和０．５７ｍｇ;使用不含氟牙膏２月后为０．８４ｐｐｍ和０．４７ｍｇ;统计分析有显著差异。表明使用含氟牙膏可使幼儿氟摄入量增加。     

中西医结合治护面神经麻痹67例

面神经麻痹又称BELLS麻痹,是临床上的常见病及多发病,可发生于任何年龄、任何季节。我们通过临床观察发现,在每个季节交换之时是本病的多发时节。到目前为止,本病的发病原因及发病机制尚不明确,因此处理的正确与否是治疗成败的关键。近几年来,我们采用中西医结合的治疗及护理方法,共治护面神经麻痹67例,均收到了满意的效果,现报道如下：