维生素D的骨外作用

越来越多的研究表明,维生素D除具有经典的调节钙磷平衡和维持骨骼健康的作用外,还具有其他更为广泛的骨外生物学效应,如调节免疫、抗肿瘤、保护中枢神经系统和防治代谢综合征等作用.本文就相关方面的研究进展进行综述.     

不同类型正常乳腺表观扩散系数值差异的研究

目的 研究不同类型正常乳腺表观扩散系数（ADC）值的差异，探讨ADC值与组织学分型之间的关系。方法 采用单次激发平面回波（EPI）技术，扩散敏感因子（b）值分别为0、500、1000s／mm^2，对62个正常乳腺（包括42例乳腺病变患者的对侧正常乳腺及10名健康志愿者20个乳腺）进行MR扫描及MR扩散加权成像（DWI）检查，计算62个正常乳腺分别在不同b值时的ADC值。将62个正常乳腺分为3型，比较3型之间ADC值的差异及不同b值时ADC值的差异。结果 42例乳腺病变患者对侧正常乳腺的DWI及ADC图与组织切片对比，不同类型乳腺组织学结构不同，其DWI及ADC图表现亦有差异。62个正常乳腺分为致密型10个，分叶斑点型42个及退化型10个。致密型和分叶斑点型乳腺随b值降低ADC值升高，而退化型乳腺随b值降低ADC值变化不明显。b=1000—0s／mm^2时，致密型、分叶斑点型、退化型乳腺ADC值分别为（1．70±0．37）、（1．93±0．46）、（1．18±0．65）×10^-3mm^2／s，3组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=12．998，P=0．000）。不同b值时每2种类型间进行单因素方差分析，致密型和分叶斑点型之间差异无统计学意义（F=2．167，P=0．147）；致密型和退化型之间、分叶斑点型和退化型之间差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为5．593、19．128，P值分别为0．029、0．000）。结论 3型正常乳腺ADC值受乳腺组织学结构的影响，致密型和分叶斑点型乳腺ADC值受b值高低的影响。     

游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉治疗前臂复合组织缺损

目的 探讨应用游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉治疗前臂复合组织缺损的可行性与疗效.方法 对5例前臂骨(尺骨和/或桡骨)和软组织缺损的患者,应用同侧/对侧游离腓骨皮瓣移植,同时应用Smith-Nephew交锁髓内钉对游离腓骨进行固定.供区植皮.结果 5例皮瓣全部存活.根据Anderson评分标准评定:优1例,良3例,可1例.骨折愈合时间为12～17周,平均14.6周,术后无骨不连与感染发生.结论 游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉是治疗前臂复合组织缺损的可行方法.     

电视胸腔镜辅助的心脏外科手术现状

微创心脏外科是近10多年发展形成的一个新领域,因其具有损伤小、术后恢复快、切口瘢痕小等优点,得到了迅速的发展[1]。电视胸腔镜辅助的外科手术(video-assistedthoracoscopicsurgery,VATS)是微创心脏外科的重要内容[2,3]。随着微创观念和技术在心脏外科中的不断深化和推广,VATS...     

用Alabama分析法比较安氏Ⅰ类错中国人与美国白人颅颌面结构差异

目的:研究中国安氏Ⅰ类错成人与美国安氏Ⅰ类错白人牙颌颅面形态结构的差异。方法:从西安市11所大学2098名新生中选取符合标准的101名(男53名、女48名)安氏Ⅰ类错样本。拍摄头颅定位X线片,用第四军医大学口腔医学院头影测量软件测量,用Alabama分析法与美国安氏Ⅰ类错白人颅颌面测量结果进行比较分析。结果:中国西安地区安氏Ⅰ类错成人上下颌突度大,面型较突;平面倾斜度、上下中切牙倾斜度及下中切牙至NB线距均较大;Y轴相对SN平面夹角增大,生长方向为后下。结论:与美国安氏Ⅰ类错白人比较,中国西安地区安氏Ⅰ类错成人颅面结构呈现颌骨突度大、下切牙唇倾及下颌趋向后下等特征。     

应用输尿管镜放置双J管早期治疗输尿管阴道瘘

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of placing double J stent using a ureteroscope in early managing ureterovaginal fistula.Methods Twenty-eight patients cases with ureterovaginal fistula from 2002 to 2008 were treated early with placing double J stent using a ureteroscope and the clinical data were reviewed.Results Twenty-two of 28 cases were treated and double J stent was placed in them by a uretero-scope and 75% (21/28)of cases were cured.Four of 21 cases were treated twice by a ureteroscope and were cured finally.7 cases with failure ureterovaginal treatment underwent ureterocystostomy and were cured.The follow-up from 6 months to 33 months (average 10.1±6.4 months)showed that all of the 28 cases had been cured and had no urinary fistula.Conclusion Placing double J stent using a ureteroscope is the first choice of operative procedure for the early treatment of ureterovaginal fistula.     

子宫内膜息肉中雌、孕激素受体的表达

目的检测子宫内膜息肉雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)的表达,探索子宫内膜息肉形成的原因及机制。方法子宫内膜息肉48例为观察组,正常子宫内膜36例为对照组,采用免疫组化SP法,行半定量分析,检测ER、PR的表达。结果增殖期的息肉组织中PR表达的评分结果为(2.89±2.16),低于增殖内膜的评分(4.04±1.73),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);分泌期的内膜息肉中ER表达的评分结果为(3.80±1.64),高于分泌期内膜中的评分(2.64±1.45),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论增殖期的子宫内膜息肉中PR的表达降低及分泌期的息肉中ER表达增高可能参与了子宫内膜息肉的形成及发展。     

Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of AIDS complicated with disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of AIDS complicated with disseminated Penicillium marneffei （PM） infection. Methods A total of 12 patients with AIDS complicated with disseminated PM infection were collected and the symptoms, signs, laboratory examination results and image manifestations of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results （1） The diagnosis of PM infection in all the 12 cases were confirmed by peripheral blood culture. All the 12 cases （100%） had irregular fever （38-41℃） and enlarged lymph nodes, 8 cases （66%） had skin rashes; 8 cases （66%） had hepatomegaly; 9 cases （75%） had splenomegaly while 8 cases （66%） had anemia. （2） Imaging manifestation： Five cases manifested bilateral pulmonary disseminated miliary nodular shadows or lattice signs; 1 case showed enlarged hilar lymph node and 2 cases showed patchy shadow with pleuritis. One case presented sub-pleural curve line shadow at the posterior part of the right lower lung, and adhesion between the intestinal wall and intestinal mesentery in mass form in the abdomen by CT examination. Conclusion Patients suffering from AIDS （CD4 T lymphocytes 〈50/μ L） with impaired immunity might be susceptible to complication of disseminated PM infection, which presents mainly damage of multiple organs and symptoms such as fever; enlargement of liver, spleen and lymph nodes, as well as specific skin maculopapular rashes. Imaging manifestations in the lungs were revealed as miliary nodular shadows and lattice-like shadows. Intensified abdominal CT might reveal presence of several enlarged postperitoneal lymph nodes and intestinal adhesion in shape of ＂cakes＂.     

应用输尿管镜放置双J管早期治疗输尿管阴道瘘

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of placing double J stent using a ureteroscope in early managing ureterovaginal fistula.Methods Twenty-eight patients cases with ureterovaginal fistula from 2002 to 2008 were treated early with placing double J stent using a ureteroscope and the clinical data were reviewed.Results Twenty-two of 28 cases were treated and double J stent was placed in them by a uretero-scope and 75% (21/28)of cases were cured.Four of 21 cases were treated twice by a ureteroscope and were cured finally.7 cases with failure ureterovaginal treatment underwent ureterocystostomy and were cured.The follow-up from 6 months to 33 months (average 10.1±6.4 months)showed that all of the 28 cases had been cured and had no urinary fistula.Conclusion Placing double J stent using a ureteroscope is the first choice of operative procedure for the early treatment of ureterovaginal fistula.     

TUVP手术时间对血红蛋白及电解质的影响

目的 了解经尿道前列腺汽化电切手术时间对血红蛋白及血清电解质的影响。方法 对64例经尿道前列腺汽化电切术患按手术时间分组，观察手术前后血红蛋白及血清电解质的变化。结果 手术时间对血清电解质的降低有的影响，对血红蛋白降低的影响不显。结论 减少TUR综合征的关键是要操作熟练，缩短手术时间及手术中注意止血。