高效液相色谱法测定不同产地夏枯草中咖啡酸和迷迭香酸的含量

目的比较不同产地夏枯草中咖啡酸和迷迭香酸的含量。方法采用高效液相色谱法,Waters SunFire C18色谱柱（4．6mm×150mm,5μm）,甲醇-0．1％甲酸梯度洗脱,流速1．0mL／min,检测波长330nm。结果咖啡酸在0．0992～0．4960gg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0．9999）,平均回收率为99．75％,RSD=2．27％（n=5）;迷迭香酸在0．8288～4．1440gg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0．9998）,平均回收率为101．37％,RSD=1．19％（n=5）;不同产地夏枯草中咖啡酸与迷迭香酸的含量分别在0．02％-0．05％,0．09％-0．20％之间。结论不同产地夏枯草中咖啡酸和迷迭香酸含量差异很大,使用夏枯草时要注意产地差异。     

The use of a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap to cover an axillobifemoral vascular prosthetic graft

We describe a case of seroma formation with skin necrosis overlying an axillobifemoral dacron graft, which was treated by excision of the affected skin and closure using a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap.     

Nicotine and cotinine stimulate secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor and affect expression of matrix metalloproteinases in cultured human smooth muscle cells

Purpose: We have recently shown that nicotine and its metabolite cotinine are mitogenic for smooth muscle cells in vitro. In the present study, we examined the effect of nicotine and cotinine on the production of growth factors and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in smooth muscle cells.Methods: Smooth muscle cells were harvested from human arteries and grown in culture. Subconfluent cultures were incubated for 24 hours in M199 containing 0.1% fetal bovine serum with or without nicotine or cotinine at concentrations ranging from 10^-9mol/L to 10^-6mol/L. The supernatants and cell lysates were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Matrix metalloproteinase expression was determined in subconfluent cultures incubated in albumin with or without nicotine or cotinine at 10^-8mol/L and 10^-7mol/L for 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 hours. Northern blot analyses were performed with human cDNA probes for collagenase-1, stromelysin-1, gelatinase A, gelatinase B, and triose phosphate isomerase. Blots were quantified by phosphor-imaging techniques.Results: Both nicotine and cotinine stimulated the production and secretion of bFGF in a dose-dependent manner. PDGF, TNF-α, and TGF-β secretions were not significantly affected by nicotine or cotinine. Collagenase was up-regulated by nicotine at 18 and 24 hours (4.5-fold to 5.8-fold) and by cotinine at 18 hours (from 5.0-fold to 29-fold). Stromelysin-1 was up-regulated by nicotine and cotinine at 12 and 18 hours (1.5-fold to 7.0-fold). Gelatinase A generally peaked at 12 hours and was up-regulated by both agents (2.0-fold to 6.5-fold).Conclusion: Nicotine and cotinine enhanced the production of bFGF, a major mitogen for smooth muscle cells, and up-regulated the expression of several matrix metalloproteinases that are critical in cell migration. These data demonstrate mechanisms by which smoking may contribute to the development of intimal hyperplasia, atherosclerosis, and aneurysms. (J Vasc Surg 1996;24;927-35.)     

A radioimmunoassay for the metabolites of the anabolic steroid nandrolone

A new radioimmunoassay for the major metabolites of nandrolone was developed to overcome the interference of certain contraceptive steroids in the original assay of the parent steroid. The new assay gave greater screening capability by increasing retrospective detection and the signal-to-background ratio.     

The history of thought concerning the hypothalamus and its functions

Many initial studies related to identification of the boundaries and structural components, nuclei, tracts and interconnections of the hypothalamus, this continues. Early interest also focused on hypothalamic control of somatic activities and autonomie nervous system functions. During the present century chiefly, interest has developed in the hypothalamus and control of water balance, thirst, water retention and loss (diabetes insipidus and polydipsia). Its role in control of metabolism, body weight (obesity), and the regulation of body temperature has attracted the attention of physiologists for many years. Others have studied hypothalamic regulation of sex and reproductive phenomena. The hypothalamus is now attracting much attention because of its production of neuroendocrine secretions and role in control of the endocrine system. Physiologists realized very early that the hypothalamus is involved in emotional expression, in reaction to stress and adaptive adjustments. Its involvement in disease states and resistance thereto and in determining the nature of behavior has now been recognized as a matter of great importance. The origins of all these interests are reviewed.     

慢病毒介导shRNA沉默Nicastrin基因的人永生化角质形成细胞模型构建

目的 构建Nicastrin(NCT)基因的RNA干扰慢病毒表达载体,并在人永生化角质形成细胞(HaCaT细胞)上鉴定其沉默效率,构建NCT基因稳定下调的人永生化角质形成细胞模型,为后续研究NCT基因下调对角质形成细胞的生物学行为影响奠定实验基础.方法 设计3个靶向NCT基因特异性短发卡RNA(shRNA)表达序列并连接到慢病毒表达质粒pGLV3/H 1/GFP+ Puro中,成功构建慢病毒重组表达质粒,并通过测序鉴定.将构建的重组表达质粒与包装质粒共转染293T细胞,产生慢病毒颗粒,并测其滴度.将HaCaT细胞分为空白组(未感染病毒)、阴性对照组(NC组,感染空载病毒LV3-shNC)和干扰组(感染NCT-shRNA1、2、3慢病毒).流式细胞仪检测慢病毒转染效率,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、Western印迹检测靶基因的沉默效率,筛选出沉默效果最佳的干扰序列.结果 测序表明,NCT-shRNA慢病毒重组表达质粒构建成功.重组表达质粒与包装质粒共转染293T细胞后产生的慢病毒颗粒滴度为109 TU/ml.慢病毒感染HaCaT细胞后,流式细胞仪检测,慢病毒转染效率大于95％.qRT-PCR结果,与NC组相比,干扰组NCT mRNA表达量明显下降,其中NCT-shRNA1组NCT基因沉默效果最佳,干扰效率达到75％.Western印迹结果,与NC组相比,shRNA1组NCT蛋白表达抑制率为71.7％.结论 成功筛选出高效NCT-shRNA干扰序列,构建NCT-shRNA慢病毒重组表达载体,并构建NCT基因稳定下调的人永生化角质形成细胞模型.     

Electric heating pad burns

Patients with sensory deficits are especially prone to heating pad burns. Two cases are reported of patients with anesthetic skin who received partial and full-thickness burns of their feet from an electric heating pad. These burn injuries could have been prevented if the patients understood the potential hazard of heating pads.     

Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-I (HTLV-I) retrovirus and human disease

Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-I (HTLV-I) was the first pathogenic retrovirus identified in humans. HTLV-I is now linked to a number of clinical diseases, most notably adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and the syndrome known as HTLV-associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). For the emergency physician practicing among patients from high-risk groups, HTLV-I infection and its associated diseases are presenting an increasing challenge. This report describes its transmission, seroprevalence, associated diseases, and methods to control the spread of this retrovirus.