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Roberto Iacovelli Elena Verzoni Filippo De Braud Giuseppe Procopio 《Cancer biology & therapy》2014,15(1):19-21
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are de facto the more used targeted therapies for upfront treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Among these, sunitinib and pazopanib have reported greater activity in term of progression-free survival and overall survival compared with interferon-α or placebo in two independent large phase III studies. Despite a large use in clinical practice these molecules had never been compared. The COMPARZ study recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine reports the results of a non-inferiority trial that comparing pazopanib to sunitinib as first line of therapy in mRCC patients. Here we report the activity and safety data of the study and we discuss several critical aspects related to the study design and possible confounding factors that may alter the results’ interpretation. 相似文献
77.
Daniela Femia Natalie Prinzi Andrea Anichini Roberta Mortarini Federico Nichetti Francesca Corti Martina Torchio Giorgia Peverelli Filippo Pagani Andrea Maurichi Ilaria Mattavelli Massimo Milione Nice Bedini Ambra Corti Maria Di Bartolomeo Filippo de Braud Sara Pusceddu 《Targeted oncology》2018,13(5):567-582
Advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a very aggressive, rare neuroendocrine tumor of the skin with a high frequency of locoregional recurrence and metastasis, and a high mortality rate. Surgical resection, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and radiotherapy represent the gold standard of treatment in patients with localized disease, while chemotherapy has a significant role in the treatment of advanced disease. However, no definitive evidence on the survival impact of radiotherapy in the advanced stages has been provided to date, and response to chemotherapy remains brief in the majority of cases, indicating an urgent need for alternative approaches. Biological and genome sequencing studies have implicated multiple molecular pathways in MCC, thus leading to the development of new agents that target angiogenic factors, anti-apoptosis molecules, poly-ADP ribose polymerase, intracellular signal proteins such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and peptide receptors such as somatostatin receptors. More recently, immunotherapy agents such as avelumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab, which act by blocking the programmed cell-death (PD)-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint, have shown promising results, especially in the advanced setting, and should now be considered standard of care for metastatic MCC. Current research is focusing on developing new immunotherapeutic strategies, identifying predictive biomarker to aid in the selection of patients responsive to immunotherapy, and defining combination approaches to increase efficacy in refractory patients. 相似文献
78.
Massimo Moro Elisa Caiola Monica Ganzinelli Elisabetta Zulato Eliana Rulli Mirko Marabese Giovanni Centonze Adele Busico Ugo Pastorino Filippo G. de Braud Claudio Vernieri Michele Simbolo Emilio Bria Aldo Scarpa Stefano Indraccolo Massimo Broggini Gabriella Sozzi Marina Chiara Garassino 《Journal of thoracic oncology》2018,13(11):1692-1704
Introduction
We hypothesized that activating KRAS mutations and inactivation of the liver kinase B1 (LKB1) oncosuppressor can cooperate to sustain NSCLC aggressiveness. We also hypothesized that the growth advantage of KRAS/LKB1 co-mutated tumors could be balanced by higher sensitivity to metabolic stress conditions, such as metformin treatment, thus revealing new strategies to target this aggressive NSCLC subtype.Methods
We retrospectively determined the frequency and prognostic value of KRAS/LKB1 co-mutations in tissue specimens from NSCLC patients enrolled in the TAILOR trial. We generated stable LKB1 knockdown and LKB1-overexpressing isogenic H1299 and A549 cell variants, respectively, to test the in vitro efficacy of metformin. We also investigated the effect of metformin on cisplatin-resistant CD133+ cells in NSCLC patient-derived xenografts.Results
We found a trend towards worse overall survival in patients with KRAS/LKB1 co-mutated tumors as compared to KRAS-mutated ones (hazard ratio: 2.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.94–4.35, p = 0.072). In preclinical experiments, metformin produced pro-apoptotic effects and enhanced cisplatin anticancer activity specifically in KRAS/LKB1 co-mutated patient-derived xenografts. Moreover, metformin prevented the development of acquired tumor resistance to 5 consecutive cycles of cisplatin treatment (75% response rate with metformin-cisplatin as compared to 0% response rate with cisplatin), while reducing CD133+ cells.Conclusions
LKB1 mutations, especially when combined with KRAS mutations, may define a specific and more aggressive NSCLC subtype. Metformin synergizes with cisplatin against KRAS/LKB1 co-mutated tumors, and may prevent or delay the onset of resistance to cisplatin by targeting CD133+ cancer stem cells. This study lays the foundations for combining metformin with standard platinum-based chemotherapy in the treatment of KRAS/LKB1 co-mutated NSCLC. 相似文献79.
Barbara Jereczek-Fossa Filippo De Braud Maura Gasparetto Tommaso De Pas Nicoletta Tradati Maria Cristina Leonardi Hugo Raul Marsiglia Roberto Orecchia 《Strahlentherapie und Onkologie》1998,174(9):457-461
Purpose
To evaluate the feasibility of induction chemotherapy followed by concomitant chemotherapy and hyperfractionated irradiation in locally advanced, inoperable head and neck cancer.Methods
A pilot study was undertaken comprising 3 cycles of cisplatinum (100 mg/m2, day 1) and 5-fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2 in continuous intravenous infusion over the first 120 h) followed by bifractionated radiotherapy applied to tumor/involved lymph nodes up to the dose of 74.4 Gy given in 2 fractions of 1.2 Gy daily for 5 days a week combined with concomitant weekly cisplatinum infusion (50 mg/m2).Results
Six patients were enrolled in the study. All of them completed the protocol therapy. Severe mucositis and myelotoxicity were the most common acute side effects observed in all and in 5 of the patients, respectively. Acute toxicity required interruption of concomitant chemotherapy in 5 cases and in 2 interruption of radiotherapy was necessary. Opioid analgesic parenteral therapy was administered in 4 patients. Three of them had to be hospitalized. One patient experienced cerebral stroke 1 day after the completion of therapy and died 7 days later. Due to high acute toxicity, patient accrual was terminated after 6 patients. At the mean follow-up of 17 months, 4 patients are alive, 3 of them are free of disease and in 1 local progression has been diagnosed.Conclusions
High acute toxicity of induction cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil followed by concomitant cisplatinum and hyperfractionated irradiation calls for less toxic treatment schedules in locally advanced inoperable head and neck cancer. 相似文献80.
Vincenzo Cerundolo Adam Benham Veronique Braud Siddhartha Mukherjee Keith Gould Beatrice Macino Jacques Neefjes Alain Townsend 《European journal of immunology》1997,27(1):336-341
We describe the effect of the proteasome specific inhibitor lactacystin on the metabolic stability of influenza nucleoprotein (NP) and on the generation of antigens presented by human and murine class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We show that cells treated with lactacystin fail to present influenza antigens to influenza-specific CTL, but retain the capacity to present defined epitopes expressed as peptides intracellularly by recombinant vaccinia viruses. This block in antigen presentation can be overcome by expressing the viral protein within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, confirming the specificity of lactacystin for cytosolic proteases. We also show that the effect of lactacystin on antigen presentation correlates with the block of breakdown of a rapidly degraded form of the influenza NP linked to ubiquitin. These results demonstrate that proteasome-dependent degradation plays an important role in the cytosolic generation of CTL epitopes. 相似文献