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21.
22.
KH Neppelenbroek RS Seó VM Urban S Silva LN Dovigo JH Jorge NH Campanha 《Oral diseases》2014,20(4):329-344
In healthy individuals, Candida species are considered commensal yeasts of the oral cavity. However, these microorganisms can also act as opportunist pathogens, particularly the so‐called non‐albicans Candida species that are increasingly recognized as important agents of human infection. Several surveys have documented increased rates of C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei in local and systemic fungal infections. Some of these species are resistant to antifungal agents. Consequently, rapid and correct identification of species can play an important role in the management of candidiasis. Conventional methods for identification of Candida species are based on morphological and physiological attributes. However, accurate identification of all isolates from clinical samples is often complex and time‐consuming. Hence, several manual and automated rapid commercial systems for identifying these organisms have been developed, some of which may have significant sensitivity issues. To overcome these limitations, newer molecular typing techniques have been developed that allow accurate and rapid identification of Candida species. This study reviewed the current state of identification methods for yeasts, particularly Candida species. 相似文献
23.
Sarina A. Piha-Paul Do-Youn Oh Makoto Ueno David Malka Hyun Cheol Chung Adnan Nagrial Robin K. Kelley Willeke Ros Antoine Italiano Kazuhiko Nakagawa Hope S. Rugo Filippo de Braud Andrea Iolanda Varga Aaron Hansen Hui Wang Suba Krishnan Kevin G. Norwood Toshihiko Doi 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,147(8):2190-2198
We present data from patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) receiving pembrolizumab in the KEYNOTE-158 (NCT02628067; phase 2) and KEYNOTE-028 (NCT02054806; phase 1b) studies. Eligible patients aged ≥18 years from both studies had histologically/cytologically confirmed incurable BTC that progressed after standard treatment regimen(s), measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0/1, and no prior immunotherapy. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive tumors were required for eligibility in KEYNOTE-028 only. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg every three weeks (KEYNOTE-158) or 10 mg/kg every two weeks (KEYNOTE-028) for ≤2 years. Primary efficacy endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST v1.1. Response assessed by independent central review is reported. KEYNOTE-158 enrolled 104 patients and KEYNOTE-028 enrolled 24 patients. Median (range) follow-up was 7.5 months (0.6-34.3) in KEYNOTE-158 and 5.7 months (0.6-55.4) in KEYNOTE-028. In KEYNOTE-158, ORR was 5.8% (6/104; 95% CI, 2.1%-12.1%); median duration of response (DOR) was not reached (NR) (range, 6.2-26.6+ months). Median (95% CI) OS and PFS were 7.4 (5.5-9.6) and 2.0 (1.9-2.1) months. Among PD-L1-expressers (n = 61) and PD-L1-nonexpressers (n = 34), respectively, ORR was 6.6% (4/61) and 2.9% (1/34). In KEYNOTE-028, ORR was 13.0% (3/23; 95% CI, 2.8%-33.6%); median DOR was NR (range, 21.5-53.2+ months). Median (95% CI) OS and PFS were 5.7 (3.1-9.8) and 1.8 (1.4-3.1) months. Grade 3 to 5 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 13.5% of patients in KEYNOTE-158 (no grade 4; grade 5 renal failure, n = 1) and 16.7% in KEYNOTE-028 (no grade 4/5). In summary, pembrolizumab provides durable antitumor activity in 6% to 13% of patients with advanced BTC, regardless of PD-L1 expression, and has manageable toxicity. 相似文献
24.
Filippo Pietrantonio Fotios Loupakis Giovanni Randon Alessandra Raimondi Massimiliano Salati Dario Trapani Filippo Pagani Ilaria Depetris Giulia Maddalena Federica Morano Salvatore Corallo Michele Prisciandaro Francesca Corti Vincenzo Guarini Alessandro Bocconi Antonio Marra Carmen Belli Andrea Spallanzani Matteo Fassan Sara Lonardi Giuseppe Curigliano Giovanni Fucà Maria Di Bartolomeo Filippo de Braud 《The oncologist》2020,25(9):803-809
25.
In most cases gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors grow slowly. Interferon-alpha and somatostatin analogs have shown symptomatic, biochemical, and, in a minority of cases, antiproliferative activity. Generally, they are proposed as single-agent therapy. However, based on in vitro and in vivo evidence, the combined use of these drugs was proposed in several non-randomized trials, indicating that there is an additive effect of the combination. Nevertheless, the three randomized trials published so far did not show a statistically significant survival benefit for the combination compared to the same agents alone, even though an advantage for the combination came out in all three studies. On the other hand, data from non-randomized trials would justify the sequential use of the two drugs or the combination after progression on single agent therapy. Therefore, at present the up-front combined use of interferon-alpha and somatostatin analog is not justified, whereas it could be indicated after progression to single-agent therapy. Further larger, international, prospective, randomized, multicentric clinical trials studying homogeneous populations would be necessary to give a final answer, but the rarity and heterogeneity of this malignancy does not assure that it will be possible. 相似文献
26.
Hédoire F Dorey H Morelle JF Braud J Lamy E 《Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux》2000,93(12):1560-1564
Left ventricular aneurysm presenting with ventricular tachycardia was observed in a 48 year old man. Aetiological investigation was negative. The differences between aneurysm and diverticulum and the aetiologies of aneurysms are discussed. The treatment of the arrhythmias caused by this condition is discussed with the help of a review of the literature. 相似文献
27.
Low-dose oral methotrexate and cyclophosphamide in metastatic breast cancer: antitumor activity and correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor levels. 总被引:14,自引:7,他引:14
M Colleoni A Rocca M T Sandri L Zorzino G Masci F Nolè G Peruzzotti C Robertson L Orlando S Cinieri Braud F de G Viale A Goldhirsch 《Annals of oncology》2002,13(1):73-80
BACKGROUND: Anticancer chemotherapy is thought to be effective by means of direct cytotoxicity on tumor cells. Alternative mechanisms of efficacy have been ascribed to several common anticancer agents, including cyclophosphamide (CTX), methotrexate (MTX), anthracyclines and taxanes, postulating an antiangiogenic activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the clinical efficacy and impact on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels of low-dose oral MTX and CTX in patients with metastatic breast cancer. MTX was administered 2.5 mg bd on days 1 and 2 each week and CTX 50 mg/day administered continuously. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients were enrolled, 63 were evaluable: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1, > or =2 sites of metastatic disease (n = 50 patients), progressive disease at study entry (n = 51), 1 regimen for metastatic disease (n = 32) and > or =2 regimens (n = 20). Among the 63 evaluable patients, there were two complete remissions (CR), 10 partial remissions (PR) for an overall response rate of 19.0% (95% CI 10.2% to 30.9%) and an overall clinical benefit (CR+ PR+ stable disease >24 weeks) of 31.7% (95% CI 20.6% to 44.7%). Grade > or =2 leucopenia was registered in only 13 patients. The median serum VEGF level for the subgroup of patients on treatment for at least 2 months decreased with treatment from 315 pg/ml (95% CI 245 to 435) at baseline to 248 pg/ml (95% CI 205 to 311) at 2 months (P <0.001). Both responders and non-responders showed similar reductions in serum VEGF (P = 0.78). After 6 months patients still on treatment had a median VEGF level of 195 pg/ml (95% CI 96 to 355), which was significantly lower than the median baseline values (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Continuously low-dose CTX and MTX is minimally toxic and effective in heavily pretreated breast cancer patients. A drop in VEGF was associated with the treatment and so alternative hypotheses, other than that of direct toxicity on tumor cells, must be favored when trying to explain the anticancer effect. 相似文献
28.
Resistance of Copenhagen rats to chemical induction of glutathione S- transferase 7-7-positive liver foci 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Copenhagen (Cop) rats are completely resistant to the chemical induction of
mammary adenocarcinomas, but their susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis
is virtually unknown. Rat liver is a well- characterized and easily
manipulated tissue in which to study carcinogenesis. Therefore, if Cop rats
are resistant to hepatocarcinogenesis, studies into resistance mechanisms
may be feasible. Male Cop and F344 rats, 7-8 weeks old, were initiated
using either N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) (200 mg/kg, i.p.) or a two-thirds
partial hepatectomy (PH) followed by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) (60
mg/kg, i.p.). The rats were then promoted using a modified resistant
hepatocyte (RH) protocol (a combination of four doses of 2-
acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and a single dose of CCl4 that provides a
selective mitotic stimulus for initiated cells). Six weeks after initiation
the rats were killed and liver sections were stained for glutathione
S-transferase 7-7 (GST 7-7), a marker for putative preneoplastic
hepatocytes. Cop rats were found to be highly resistant, having a
approximately 9- and approximately 27-fold smaller percentage of liver area
occupied by GST 7-7-positive foci than susceptible F344 rats following
initiation by DEN and MNU respectively. Furthermore, gross liver nodules
did not form in any of the Cop rats, whereas all F344 rat livers contained
nodules. Hepatic necrosis caused by DEN during initiation, and CCl4 during
promotion is necessary to stimulate compensatory hepatocyte division. We
demonstrated that these agents do indeed increase serum transaminase levels
and produce histologic evidence of necrosis in Cop rats. In order for liver
foci to grow rapidly in the RH protocol, the surrounding normal hepatocytes
must be mito-inhibited by 2-AAF. We found that the degree of
mito-inhibition of normal hepatocytes by 2-AAF is the same in Cop and F344
rats. These results show that the Cop rat is highly resistant to the
chemical induction of putative preneoplastic liver foci and nodules.
相似文献
29.
A George VM Srivastava GD Sundararaj 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》1997,41(2):199-200
A young man presented with desmoplastic fibroma in the proximal ulna. This rare tumour was treated by curettage and bone grafting. 相似文献
30.
Computed tomographic appearance of the bulging annulus 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6