维生素B6生殖毒性研究

目的研究维生素氏（Vitamin B6，Vit B6）对雄性大鼠的生殖毒性作用。方法灌胃染毒雄性成年Spraguc—Dawley大鼠0，140，280和560mg/kg VitB6，每天1次，连续4周，观察性腺和附属性腺脏器系数及组织形态学、精子质量和血清睾酮（T）等指标的变化。利用离体组织培养和放射免疫技术，观察不同浓度的vim6（0，0．1mg/ml，1mg/ml，10mg/ml和20mg/m1）是否对体外培养大鼠睾丸碎块睾酮的分泌有直接作用。结果Vim6 560mg／kg剂量组大鼠睾丸、附睾、前列腺和精囊腺脏器系数明显降低；精子数量和精子存活率减少，精子活力降低，精子畸形率增高，血清T无变化；睾丸和附睾病理切片光镜下各级生殖细胞减少，可见精曲小管有精子细胞脱落、精子细胞变性坏死、支持细胞肿胀、微管稀少，间质细胞和血管内皮细胞无明显异常；VitB6 280mg／kg剂量组在睾丸重量和精子活力与存活率方面与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。Vim6各剂量组睾丸培养液中睾酮的含量与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义。结论VitB6能诱导雄性大鼠生殖毒性，但对睾丸分泌睾酮没有直接的抑制作用，可能对间质细胞正常功能没有影响。     

前路病灶清除一期植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨前路病灶清除,一期植骨钛钢板内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效。方法2000-05/2005-06采用前路病灶清除,一期植骨钛钢板内固定治疗胸腰椎结核52例。男32例,女20例,年龄21~65岁,平均38岁。影像学显示单椎体破坏塌陷9例,双椎体破坏塌陷楔形变43例,脊柱后凸畸形35例,cobb’s角14~41°,平均24°。不全截瘫19例。血沉40~110mm/h。术前抗结核药物治疗2~4周。术后继续抗结核药物治疗10~12个月。结果切口均一期愈合,随访1·2~4年,平均2·2年。植骨块6~7月融合,无移位,折断和吸收。19例不全截瘫者术后2~4月恢复到E级。35例脊柱后凸角度平均矫正14°。血沉于术后3~5月恢复到正常。随访期内结核病灶无复发。结论前路病灶清除、一期髂骨植骨钛钢板内固定是治疗脊柱结核较安全有效的治疗方法。     

无心跳供者腹腔内脏器联合切取术及肾移植效果

目的:总结无心跳供者腹腔内脏器联合切取术的临床经验及对肾移植效果的影响.方法:回顾性分析1993年4月至2001年7月70例无心跳供者腹腔内脏器联合切取和同期501例单纯双肾联合切取的临床资料及其肾移植随访资料.结果:在无心跳供者腹腔内脏器联合切取术组,8～10分钟取出腹内脏器,其肾移植结果与同期单纯双肾联合切取后的肾移植比较,并发症和移植肾1年存活率等方面无统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:腹腔内脏器联合切取术方法简便、易于掌握,能同时获取多个腹腔内脏器并维护其功能,有效利用了稀缺的供体器官资源.     

大鼠酒精性脑损伤组织中TNF-α的表达

目的探讨酒精致大鼠脑损伤合并内毒素血症过程中,脑组织TNF-α的水平变化及相互关系。方法采用SD大鼠进行酒精灌胃,建立酒精性脑损害的动物模型,用光镜观察各组大鼠脑组织的病理改变,采用偶氮显色法定量检测模型组与对照组血浆中内毒素(ET)的水平;用ELISA法检测各组脑组织匀浆中的TNF-α的水平。结果脑组织病理切片显示,模型组脑组织有严重损伤;模型组血浆中的ET以及脑组织匀浆中的TNF-α水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论TNF-α在脑组织中的含量增高可能与酒精所致的大鼠脑组织损伤有密切联系。     

Modulation of gastrointestinal afferent sensitivity by a novel substituted benzamide (ecabapide)

The effects of ecabapide, a novel substituted benzamide compound (3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylcarbamoylmethyl]amino-N-methylb enzamide) that has gastrointestinal prokinetic action, were examined on the discharge of extrinsic afferent nerves supplying the stomach and jejunum in anaesthetized rats. Ecabapide (60 and 180 microg kg(-1), i.v.) had no effect on the baseline discharge of vagal gastric distension-sensitive afferents or the stimulus-response profile to gastric distension. Ecabapide also had no effect on either spontaneous jejunal mesenteric afferent nerve discharge or responses to intestinal distension. Ecabapide (180 microg kg(-1)) significantly inhibited the maximum discharge of jejunal afferents induced by cholecystokinin (CCK8; 50 pmol, i.v.), whereas it failed to inhibit the excitatory action of 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (2Me-5-HT; 10 microg, i.v.), a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist. A model of acute focal intestinal ischaemia was used to evaluate the actions of ecabapide on the discharge of activated jejunal afferents. Ischaemia produced a substantial increase in afferent discharge which was reproducible when the duration of ischaemia was limited to less than 10 min and repeated every 15 min. Ecabapide at doses of 60 and 180 microg kg(-1) significantly reduced ischaemia-induced increases in afferent discharge. In addition to its therapeutic efficacy as a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent, these findings show also that ecabapide may also have an inhibitory action on the discharge of intestinal afferents activated by ischaemia.     

不同冷冻剂型和稀释保护剂对Beagle犬精液冷冻的影响

目的通过对Beagle犬精液冷冻技术的研究,比较颗粒法以及冻管法(0．5 ml)对冷冻精子复苏率的影响,并比较几种冷冻稀释保护液对犬精液冷冻的影响。方法 5只1岁左右可正常采精的雄性Beagle犬,手握法采集精液,以不同稀释冷冻保护液处理后,分别采用颗粒及冻管法冷冻,检测冻精前的精液量、精子密度、畸形率、解冻后活率、复苏率和顶体完整率。结果采用颗粒法和冻管法的平均冻后活率相应为0．38和0．41,复苏率51．9％和53．9％,顶体完整率36．4％和37．6％, 采用冻管法的效果稍优于颗粒法,但差异不显著。应用冷冻保护剂Ⅲ,冻后活率、复苏率和顶体完整率均优于采用稀释冷冻保护剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ,但只有顶体完整率(40．7％和41．3％)与其它两种保护剂相比达到差异显著的水平。结论采用文献中报道的稀释保护液配方均可获得较好的稀释保护效果。     

1型糖尿病患儿早期胰岛素强化治疗对β细胞功能的影响

目的：观察1型糖尿病（T1DM）患儿行早期胰岛素（INS）持续静脉输注加三餐前皮下注射短效INS强化治疗对胰岛D细胞功能的影响。方法：T1DM并酮症酸中毒（DKA）患儿12例（强化组），采用早期INS持续输注加三餐前皮下注射短效INS强化治疗。连续观察治疗开始及治疗3个月时空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹C肽／FBG（C-P／FBG）及INS用量。比较治疗前后上述指标的差异，TlDM并DKA患儿10例（非强化组），行非持续静脉强化治疗，对比两组治疗开始及治疗3个月时上述指标的差异；观察急性期患儿进入蜜月期的百分率。结果：①治疗3个月时，强化组FBG、2hPBG及HbAlc均较治疗开始时显著改善，且均达到强化治疗目标；C-P／FBG显著升高，达正常范围；3个月时INS用量显著低于急性期；②非强化组FBG、2hPBG、HbA1c均较开始治疗时明显改善，但未达到强化治疗目标；C-P／FBG升高，但未达正常范围；INS用量无明显减少；③两组治疗开始FBG、2hPBG、HbAlc、C-P／FBG比较差异均无统计学意义，但INS用量强化组显著高于非强化组：治疗3个月时强化组2hPBG、HbA1c、INS用量均显著低于非强化组，C-P／FBG显著高于非强化组（约是后者的8．6倍），两者FBG比较差异无统计学意义；④强化组12例中11例进入蜜月期，非强化组仅3例进入蜜月期。两组比较）χ^2=6．50，P〈0．05。站论：早期INS持续输注加三餐前皮下注射短效INS强化治疗儿童T1DM可促进B细胞的修复及再生，使基础C-P／FBG恢复正常。     

混合稀土常乐对肾脏超微结构的影响

目的:研究长期服用混合稀土常乐对肾脏超微结构的影响。方法:健康W istar大鼠120只,随机分成对照组和2m g/kg体重、5m g/kg体重和20m g/kg体重三个剂量的实验组,每天给药1次,每周6d给药,第7d休息,连续给药90d,第91d处死动物,取肾组织制作超薄切片,电子显微镜观察并摄影。结果:2m g/kg体重剂量组滤过膜的厚度均匀,但足细胞次级突起发生融合;5m g/kg体重剂量组滤过膜厚度不均匀,足细胞次级突起融合增多;20m g/kg体重剂量组滤过膜不规则且厚度不均匀,足细胞次级突起融合较多。结论:混合稀土常乐对肾脏滤过膜的结构有影响,5 m g/kg体重和20 m g/kg体重的剂量对滤过膜结构较为明显。     

Pharmacological profiles of selective non-peptidic delta opioid receptor ligands

Several non-peptidic opioids have been synthesized recently as part of a program to develop selective delta receptor agonists. In this study, the affinities of a set of compounds for cloned delta and mu opioid receptors expressed in HEK 293 cell lines were determined by competition analysis of [3H]bremazocine binding to membrane preparations. All compounds studied exhibited high affinity and selectivity, with apparent dissociation constants in the range of 0.6-1.7 nM for the delta opioid receptor and 240-1165 nM for the mu opioid receptor. We next sought to determine which domain of the delta receptor was critical for mediating the highly selective binding by analysis of ligand affinities for mu/delta receptor chimeras. Receptor binding profiles suggested that a critical site of receptor/ligand interaction was located between transmembrane domain 5 (TM5) and TM7 of the delta receptor. Substitution of tryptophan 284, located at the extracellular surface of TM6, with lysine, which is found at the equivalent position in the mu opioid receptor, led to a spectrum of effects on affinities, depending on the ligand tested. Affinities of SB 219825 and SB 222941 were particularly sensitive to the substitution, displaying a 50-fold and 70-fold decrease in affinity, respectively. Activities of the delta receptor-selective agonists were tested in two functional assays. Brief exposure of HEK 293 cells expressing delta opioid receptors with selective ligands induced phosphorylation of MAP kinase, although the non-peptidic ligands were less efficacious than the enkephalin derivative DADL (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu). Similarly, chronic exposure of HEK 293 cells expressing delta opioid receptors with selective, non-peptidic ligands, with the exception of SB 206848, caused receptor down-regulation, however, the SB compounds were less efficacious than DADL.     

班级管理模式初探

分析各种类型班级管理模式的特点，严管死守型强调他律作用，自我管理型认可学生的自律作用。而综合管理型则是理想的管理模式。