地塞米松预处理对氧糖剥夺大鼠血脑屏障通透性的影响

目的探讨地塞米松(dexamethasone,DEX)对氧糖剥夺(oxygen glucose deprivation,OGD)条件下大鼠血脑屏障通透性的影响。方法提取纯化大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞,建立血脑屏障OGD模型。在OGD不同时间点(0、30、60 min),以及DEX预处理OGD 60min时,应用辣根过氧化物酶渗漏实验分析血脑屏障的通透性;应用RT-PCR和western blot法分析大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的紧密连接相关蛋白claudin-5的mRNA和蛋白的表达变化;同时应用免疫荧光方法观察细胞膜上claudin-5的变化。结果与对照组相比,OGD 30、60min,辣根过氧化物酶流量均显著升高;与OGD 60min相比,DEX预处理显著降低了辣根过氧化物酶流量。与对照组相比,OGD30、60min,claudin-5的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著降低;与OGD 60min相比,DEX预处理显著增加了claudin-5的mRNA和蛋白表达。免疫荧光观察claudin-5在细胞膜上的表达,与对照组相比,OGD 60min时claudin-5的表达明显减少,DEX预处理后显著增加了claudin-5的表达。结论 DEX预处理降低了OGD条件下的血脑屏障通透性,其机制之一是DEX增加紧密连接相关蛋白claudin-5的表达。     

Inflammatory features of melasma lesions in Asian skin

Melasma is triggered by various factors including ultraviolet radiation and estrogen; however, its pathogenesis is unclear. To investigate the inflammatory features of melasma lesions as triggers for this disorder, 197 women with melasma who attended Asan Medical Center and Kangskin Clinic, Seoul, from June 2011 to October 2011 completed a questionnaire concerning triggering or aggravating factors. These cases were divided into “non‐inflammatory” and “inflammatory” groups. Skin biopsies and immunostaining for CD68, CD117, and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) were performed in the lesional and peri‐lesional skin of ten cases in the non‐inflammatory group and nine cases in the inflammatory group. Among the 197 subjects (mean age, 41.5 years; mean age of melasma onset, 33.8 years), 50 patients (25.4%) were categorized into the inflammatory group. This group comprised cases that had inflammatory symptoms and events that triggered the melasma lesions. The lesional dermis contained more CD68⁺ melanophages, CD117⁺ mast cells, and LCA⁺ leukocytes in the inflammatory group than in the non‐inflammatory group. Inflammatory clinical features and an increased number of inflammatory cells in the lesion may be involved in the development of melasma in Asian skin.     

胆囊癌的超声诊断现状及新进展

胆囊癌是胆道系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,早期缺乏特异性就诊时已属中晚期,预后差.胆囊癌目前最常用的检查方法是二维超声和彩色多普勒超声,近几年随着超声新技术的发展,尤其超声造影(ultrasonic contrast,CEUS)的运用大大提高了胆囊癌的早期诊断率.本文就超声检查方法在胆囊癌诊断中的应用现状和最新进展作一综述.     

不同中药制剂治疗骨折临床观察

目的:探讨复方三七片及复方接骨片在骨折治疗中的作用。方法:选取180例门诊治疗的桡骨远端骨折患者,随机分为复方三七片组、复方接骨片组和对照组。观察3组患者消肿止痛效果、血碱性磷酸酶水平及原始骨痂出现时间。结果:止痛效果显示,复方三七片组及复方接骨片组的止痛效果优于对照组。消肿效果显示,复方三七片及复方接骨片组有效率分别达90%、80%,优于对照组的61.67%。血碱性磷酸酶水平显示,复方三七片及复方接骨片组有效率分别达86.67%、95%,优于对照组的75%。复方三七片及复方接骨片组在第2周即有原始骨痂开始出现,4周内分别有93.33%、96.67%的患者出现原始骨痂,而对照组在第3周才可见原始骨痂出现,4周内有66.67%的患者出现原始骨痂。结论:复方三七片及复方接骨片均能够减轻患部疼痛,促进患部肿胀消退,提高血碱性磷酸酶水平,促进原始骨痂形成。骨折早期(2周内)口服复方三七片有利于消肿止痛,骨折2周后口服复方接骨片有利于骨痂生长、骨折愈合。     

Reliability and Validity of Assessing User Satisfaction With Web-Based Health Interventions

BackgroundThe perspective of users should be taken into account in the evaluation of Web-based health interventions. Assessing the users’ satisfaction with the intervention they receive could enhance the evidence for the intervention effects. Thus, there is a need for valid and reliable measures to assess satisfaction with Web-based health interventions.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze the reliability, factorial structure, and construct validity of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire adapted to Internet-based interventions (CSQ-I).MethodsThe psychometric quality of the CSQ-I was analyzed in user samples from 2 separate randomized controlled trials evaluating Web-based health interventions, one from a depression prevention intervention (sample 1, N=174) and the other from a stress management intervention (sample 2, N=111). At first, the underlying measurement model of the CSQ-I was analyzed to determine the internal consistency. The factorial structure of the scale and the measurement invariance across groups were tested by multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Additionally, the construct validity of the scale was examined by comparing satisfaction scores with the primary clinical outcome.ResultsMultigroup confirmatory analyses on the scale yielded a one-factorial structure with a good fit (root-mean-square error of approximation =.09, comparative fit index =.96, standardized root-mean-square residual =.05) that showed partial strong invariance across the 2 samples. The scale showed very good reliability, indicated by McDonald omegas of .95 in sample 1 and .93 in sample 2. Significant correlations with change in depressive symptoms (r=−.35, P<.001) and perceived stress (r=−.48, P<.001) demonstrated the construct validity of the scale.ConclusionsThe proven internal consistency, factorial structure, and construct validity of the CSQ-I indicate a good overall psychometric quality of the measure to assess the user’s general satisfaction with Web-based interventions for depression and stress management. Multigroup analyses indicate its robustness across different samples. Thus, the CSQ-I seems to be a suitable measure to consider the user’s perspective in the overall evaluation of Web-based health interventions.     

监测脑电双频谱指数预防全麻患者术中知晓的效果:meta分析

目的 采用meta分析评价脑电双频谱指数(BIS)监测用于预防全麻患者术中知晓的效果.方法 检索Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central)、Pubmed、Medline、EMBASE等数据库有关BIS监测与未应用BIS监测全麻患者术中知晓效果的临床、随机、对照研究.应用Cochrane协作网系统评价法对纳入文献质量进行评价和资料提取,评价指标为术中知晓发生率.采用RevMan5.1软件进行meta分析.结果 共纳入5项研究,包括34181例患者,其中应用BIS监测患者17432例,术中知晓发生率0.132％;未应用BIS监测患者16749例,术中知晓发生率0.245％,BIS监测组与未应用BIS监测组术中知晓发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；根据麻醉方式不同进一步分析:在吸入麻醉中,应用BIS监测患者13288例,术中知晓发生率0.128％,未应用BIS监测患者13202例,术中知晓发生率0.113％,BIS监测组与未应用BIS监测组术中知晓发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；在全凭静脉麻醉中,应用BIS监测患者4144例,术中知晓发生率0.145％,未应用BIS监测患者3547例,术中知晓发生率0.733％,BIS监测组术中知晓发生率明显低于未应用BIS监测组(P＜0.01).结论 监测BIS可预防全凭静脉麻醉患者术中知晓的发生,但不能预防吸入麻醉患者术中知晓的发生.