Salmonella typhosa infection of kidney

A case of Salmonella typhosa infection with calculous pyelonephritis is presented. The incidence and pathology of S. typhosa urinary tract infections are reviewed. It is suggested that a predisposing anatomic abnormality must usually be present for urinary salmonella infection to occur. Further damage, including calculous formation, may occur or calculi may be a major predisposing factor. Therapy for a case without gross anatomic changes should consist of ampicillin 100 mg. per kilogram body weight per day for four to six weeks. When the infection persists in spite of ampicillin therapy, surgical intervention, including nephrectomy, may be necessary. Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole may effectively suppress the infection.     

Elicitation of water ingestion in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) by intracranial injections of angiotensin II and 1-norepinephrine

Intracranial injections of Angiotensin II (AII) through permanent brain chemodes aimed for the lateral hypothalamic, lateral preoptic, or septal region evoked drinking of tap water from Mongolian gerbils in normal water balance. When lettuce was the only available free water source, AII injections elicited prolonged lettuce-eating responses. l-Norepinephrine injections did not elicit eating of food pellets but, like AII, proved to be a reliable and potent dipsogenic agent. Carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, failed to elicit any ingestive behaviors over a wide dose range. The species-typical foot-thumping behavior of the gerbil was seen during some tests with all drugs utilized. It is suggested that the dipsogenic property of AII across a wide variety of species reflects the nature of a primitive, i.e., phylogenetically old, brain mechanism shared by most mammals to deal with problems of water economy, while the organization and utilization of other central neurochemicals in thirst-related substrates may vary among species.     

A review: dietary and endogenously formed <Emphasis Type="Italic">N-</Emphasis>nitroso compounds and risk of childhood brain tumors

Maternal dietary exposure to N-nitroso compounds (NOC) or to their precursors during pregnancy has been associated with risk of childhood brain tumors. Cured meat is one source of exposure to dietary NOC and their precursors. Most epidemiological studies that have examined the role of maternal consumption of cured meats during pregnancy have found a significant positive association between maternal intake of cured meat and the risk of childhood brain tumor (CBT). NOC consist of two main groups, N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosamides. The carcinogenicity profiles of NOC suggest that N-nitrosamides rather than N-nitrosamines are the compounds that may be associated with CBT and that they should be investigated more closely in epidemiological studies. We present a review of the chemical and carcinogenic properties of NOC in connection with the findings of case–control studies. This approach may be helpful in determining the essential information that must be collected in future epidemiological studies on CBT.