苦楝化学成份的研究

从苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)果中分得苦楝新醇(Ⅰ),苦楝醇(Ⅱ)、苦楝酮(Ⅲ)、苦楝二醇(Ⅳ)、香草醛(Ⅴ)和香草酸(Ⅵ)。根据波谱(IR,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR)分析和理化常数测定,确定了它们的结构。其中苦楝新醇(Ⅰ)为新化合物,对菜青小虫有一定的拒食活性。     

Treatment of general paralysis by radiothermy

Summary The clinical and laboratory results of 68 patients with general paralysis treated by radiothermy are compared with a similar number of patients with general paralysis treated by malaria. The two groups were as similarly constituted as could reasonably be expected.Improvement from the clinical standpoint was found to be about the same in each series of 68 patients. It was in the neighborhood of 53 per cent for each group. The clinical remission, percentage was 17.6 in the group treated by radiothermy as compared with 19.1 in the malarial-treated group. The relatively large proportion of women in these related groups seems to account for the comparatively low remission rates.The results from the laboratory standpoint are quite evidently inferior to those commonly observed in malarial-treated patients.From the Clinical Department of the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Hospital, New York, N. Y.     

腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带移植肌腱的固定

目的:腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带曾出现过多种固定器材,分析近年来关于腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的文献资料,了解肌腱固定方式的发展趋势。资料来源:通过计算机检索Medline1995-01/2006-09有关腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带移植肌腱固定方式的文献,检索词为“anteriorcruciate ligament,reconstruction,hamstring”,限定文章语言种类为English;另外检索中文期刊全文数据库2000-01/2006-03有关腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带移植肌腱固定方式的文献,检索词为“前交叉韧带,重建术,腘绳肌腱”,限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:选取有关腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的文章,纳入标准:①随机或自身前后对照的临床研究。②观点明确。③有关于固定方式的评论。排除标准:①综述。②重复性研究。资料提炼:共检索到60篇关于腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的文章,选择其中符合标准的33篇进行综合分析。资料综合:固定方式经历了一个由皮质骨外固定到骨隧道内固定的演变过程,Transfix是目前较为理想的固定方式,肌腱结嵌压固定是最新出现的一种固定方式,其临床效果尚需进一步验证。在固定位置的选择上,多数学者认为应该遵循等距重建。通过对固定方式的比较发现,隧道内固定能减轻术后骨隧道的扩大程度。结论:腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的固定方法越来越趋于隧道内固定,并朝着利于腱骨愈合、减轻骨隧道扩大的方向发展。在固定位置的选择上,学者们尚无统一的意见,其趋势可能是向解剖固定发展。     

上海市0～6岁小儿佝偻病的现状调查

目的:了解上海市小儿佝偻病的现状及影响因素。方法:2005年春季以整群和分层随机抽样法抽取上海市部分城区0～6岁小儿821名,采取问卷调查方法了解小儿的生活环境、饮食习惯、户外活动、营养状况、既往疾病史及母亲的妊娠情况等。佝偻病的诊断以1996年国家卫生部颁布的"婴幼儿佝偻病防治方案"为诊断标准。结果:取得完整有效资料769名,其中男童396名,女童373名;集居儿童456名,散居儿童313名。①小儿佝偻病患病率为17.3%(133/769),其中男童患病率为17.4%、女童为17.2%。②佝偻病与喂养方式(母乳喂养的患病率为13.0%、混合喂养的患病率为17.5%、人工喂养的患病率为25.2%)、鱼肝油添加(按时添加维生素D的患病率为13.5%、偶加或未加维生素D的患病率为32.5%)、居住环境(居住在市区的患病率为23.6%、居住在郊区的患病率为10.6%;集居儿童患病率为13.8%、散居儿童患病率为22.4%)、户外活动时间(经常户外活动的患病率为12.9%、偶尔户外活动的患病率为31.8%)、反复呼吸道感染(小儿有反复呼吸道感染的患病率为26.9%、无反复呼吸道感染的患病率为12.9%)、母孕期缺钙(母孕期有缺钙的患病率为33.2%、无缺钙的患病率为12.0%)等因素有关(P<0.01)。结论:上海市小儿佝偻病患病率有上升趋势。影响因素与城市环境污染、母乳喂养减少、年轻父母科学育儿知识缺乏等有关。     

The Therapeutic Alliance and CBASP-Specific Skill Acquisition in the Treatment of Chronic Depression

This study examined the influences of proposed specific and common psychotherapeutic factors in a sample of chronically depressed adult outpatients. Participants (N = 324) were drawn from a multi-site clinical trial that compared the efficacies of the cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP), nefazodone, and their combination. This report is limited to patients receiving CBASP alone or combination treatment. A series of regression analyses were performed to test whether: (1) the ability to utilize the skills taught in CBASP mediated the relationship between the early therapeutic alliance and endpoint depression, and (2) the therapeutic alliance moderated the relationship between skill utilization and endpoint depression. Neither model was supported. Instead, each of these factors contributed independently and additively to alleviation of depressive symptoms.     

Life skills and subjective well-being of people with disabilities: a canonical correlation analysis

This study examined the canonical relationships between a set of life skill variables and a set of subjective well-being variables among a national sample of vocational rehabilitation clients in the USA. Self-direction, work tolerance, general employability, and self-care were related to physical, family and social, and financial well-being. This analysis also found that communication skill is related to family and social well-being, while psychological well-being is not related to any life skills in the set. The results showed that vocational rehabilitation services aimed to improve life functioning will lead to an improvement in subjective quality of life.