Gene expression of human sperm component related to A4 amyloid precursor protein.

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a specific human sperm protein and designated as the YWK-II mAb. The partial cDNA encoding the protein was isolated from a rat testis lambda gt11 expression library and the amino acid sequence of the protein was deduced. The cytoplasmic-transmembrane domains of the deduced protein had high homology with the A4 amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimer's disease. To evaluate the stage of spermatogenesis when the gene was expressed, single-stranded 35S-labeled RNA probes were prepared from the cDNA. By an in situ hybridization technique the mRNA for the antigen was detected in germ cells at all stages of spermatogenesis. The finding that the gene is expressed in spermatogonia suggests possible involvement in the initiation of germ cell differentiation or in the detachment of spermatogonia from the basement membrane.     

内镜治疗老年总胆管结石30例体会

目的：探讨内窥镜治疗老年总胆管结石的安全性和有效性。方法：对我院普外科收治的30例70岁以上的老年总胆管结石患者进行回顾性分析，所有患者均经B超或螺旋CT明确诊断并接受内镜治疗，治疗方法包括逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)，鼻胆管引流（endoscopic nasobiliary drainage,ENBD)，乳头括肌切开（endoscopic shincterotomy,est)和取石术，碎石术，测定患者内镜治疗前后的生化指标变化。结果：30例老年总胆管结石患者行ERCP检查，成功率100％，28例行EST，总胆管结石直径＜1.0cm者成功率100％，结石直径1.0-1.5cm者成功率86％，结石直径≥1.5cm者需进行机械碎石取石，成功率75％；另有2例患者植入塑料支架作长期引流。1例患者发生与内镜有关的并发症，死亡例，30例患者治疗后各项生化指标较治疗前均有明显改善（P＜0．001）。结论：内镜治疗老年总胆管结石成功率增高，避免了手术创新，安全性好，缩短住院时间，是当前治疗老年总胆管结石的首选方法。     

烧伤创面切削痂植皮对纠正烧伤后肾脏损害的价值

目的　探讨烧伤合并肾脏损害的治疗方法。方法　对 47例烧伤合并肾损害进行烧伤创面切削痂植皮 ,以减少烧伤毒素、促进创面修复、促进肾脏功能恢复。结果　术后 1周观察 ,3 6例肾损害治愈、9例好转、2例无效 ;完成手术后 ,最快 3d肾损害即可控制。本组最后治愈41例、死亡 6例。结论　对于烧伤合并肾损害 ,及时采用手术治疗 ,不仅利于肾功能的恢复 ,也是保证患者最终康复的重要手段。一旦烧伤病人出现肾功能损害 ,应尽早进行烧伤创面切削痂植皮术修复深度创面。     

腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术与经腹子宫切除术的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的　比较评估腹腔镜辅助阴道子宫切除术与经腹子宫切除术两种手术的临床效果。方法　 12 0例妇科良性疾病患者需行子宫切除术 ,但有经阴道子宫切除术的相对禁忌证、子宫不超过孕 16周 ,随机分成两组 ,甲组 (6 0例 )行腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术 ,乙组 (6 0例 )行经腹子宫切除术。结果　两组患者年龄、产次、术前血红蛋白水平、子宫平均重量、术中失血、手术时间的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。甲组术后疼痛程度、术后住院时间明显少于乙组 (P <0 .0 1) ,两组均未出现严重手术并发症。结论　腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点 ,妇科医师经过良好的腹腔镜手术操作技能培训 ,能对大部分原不宜行阴式子宫切除术而需行经腹子宫切除术的患者行腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术。     

Feasibility of cranio-spinal axis radiation with the Hi-Art tomotherapy system.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Helical tomotherapy can eliminate the need for junction lines. The goal of this study is to evaluate tomotherapy in the delivery of CSA radiation and measurement of plan quality using physical parameters in comparing conventional (CSA-RT) and helical tomotherapy (CSA-TOMO) plans. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CSA-TOMO and CSA-RT plans were created for dosimetric comparison. Integral dose values were calculated. The ratios D50% (dose received by 50% of the organ at risk's volume) and D10% (dose received by 10% of the organ at risk's volume) were calculated representing large volumes and small volumes of organs at risk receiving significant dose. RESULTS: When considering D50% and D10%, CSA-TOMO has a dosimetric advantage over CSA-RT for most organs at risk. The body integral dose was higher for the CSA-TOMO plan by approximately 6.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Tomotherapy is a feasible alternative for treatment of CSA. Analysis shows that tomotherapy improves dose ratios over conventional radiation for most organs at risk. The impact of a small increase in whole body integral dose is unknown. Long-term follow-up will be needed to answer this question as others have argued of the possibility of increased risk of secondary malignancies due to delivery of radiotherapy with IMRT.     

癌症患者放疗期情绪障碍的评估及干预

目的:探讨和研究恶性肿瘤患者放疗期的情绪状态、变化规律及应对措施.方法:采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)对220例恶性肿瘤患者进行自评测查.结果:220例恶性肿瘤患者的抑郁严重程度指数超过0.5者200人,占被调查者90.9%.放疗前1周,放疗前夜和放后1周抑郁分别为90.9%、93.72%、85.4%,以轻度抑郁为主,焦虑情绪评分在放疗前夜达到高峰.结论:应重视恶性肿瘤患者放疗期的情绪变化,避免中、重度抑郁和焦虑的出现,有利于患者放疗后顺利康复提高生活质量,减少患者轻生想法导致的严重后果.     

雌激素受体亚型与多囊卵巢综合征

雌激素受体有两种亚型,即雌激素受体α和β,这两种亚型具有几乎相同的DNA结合区与较类似的配体结合区,但在不同的组织、器官中的分布和表达不一,与配体结合后的生物学效应也不尽相同,从而产生不同的生理和病理作用。研究发现,雌激素受体α和β亚型在生殖系统中的表达和比例异常可能与多囊卵巢综合征生殖功能障碍及生殖系统疾病相关。就雌激素受体α及β亚型的结构、功能、作用机制及其在多囊卵巢综合征中的异常表达做简要综述。     

应用带骨间掌侧动脉背侧支血管蒂桡骨瓣治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合

目的　探讨一种良好的治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合的方法 ,丰富治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合的手术方式。方法　切除腕舟骨骨折不愈合之硬化骨 ,以克氏针贯穿固定骨折端 ,用带骨间掌侧动脉背侧支血管蒂桡骨瓣翻转移植治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合 15例。结果　术后随访 3～ 6个月 ,骨折完全愈合 ;9～ 18个月 ,腕关节活动正常无痛。结论　前臂间掌侧动脉背侧支解剖位置恒定 ,变异少 ,位置较表浅 ,血管蒂长、口径粗、游离安全容易 ,血供充分 ,能有效地促进舟骨骨折愈合。     

微格教学法在经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管维护模拟教学中的应用

s teaching was also significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(97.37% vs.64.71%,P＜0.05).Conclusion Micro-teaching can effectively improve the quality of clinical teaching.