2010~2014年度大连市流感监测

目的分析大连市流感流行状况,为科学制定流感防控措施提供依据。方法对大连市2010~2014年度流感4个方面(流感样病例监测、病原学监测、血清学监测和流感样病例疫情监测)的监测结果进行描述性分析。结果 2010~2014年,流感样病例占门诊病例的比例分别为9.41%、5.84%、5.69%、5.02%、3.74%。流感样病例的年龄构成,15岁以下的占77.48%。流感病毒核酸检测平均阳性率为15.78%(952/6 033),流感病毒毒株平均分离率为3.98%(240/6 033)。其中,新甲H1型占29.58%,季H3型占32.92%,B型占37.50%。三家医疗机构甲型H1N1流感抗体平均阳性率为31.50%(349/1 108),儿童医院(40.20%)高于血液中心、中心医院(P<0.01)。0~、6~、18~、56~岁年龄组抗体阳性率分别为37.13%、47.86%、25.73%、19.11%,6~17岁年龄组最高(P<0.01);男性高于女性(P>0.05)、是否接种流感疫苗差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。5年共报告流感样病例暴发及聚集性疫情58起,其中,2010年度(2009.4至2010.3)报告学校聚集性疫情55起,实验室检测确认为新甲H1型流感疫情40起,季节性甲3型1起,B型2起。结论 2010~2014年大连市流感总体水平呈下降趋势。流感样病例主要集中在儿童。学校是防控重点。季甲3型、B型、新甲H1N1型混合存在。     

Ultrasound-Based Carotid Plaque Characteristics Help Predict New Cerebral Ischemic Lesions after Endarterectomy

The aim of this study was to identify the ultrasound-based carotid plaque characteristics associated with new cerebral ischemic lesions after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Between January 2013 and December 2018, carotid duplex ultrasound was performed in 1061 patients who underwent CEA. Brain magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed pre-operatively and within 30 d after CEA. New cerebral ischemic lesions on DWI were observed in 169 patients. The cutoff value gray-scale median (GSM) used to distinguish DWI-positive from DWI-negative patients was 30.5, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.837. A larger proportion of multiple DWI lesions were observed in the GSM ≤30.5 group (59.5% vs. 41.5%, p = 0.030). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified GSM ≤30.5, ulcerated carotid plaques and pre-operative ischemic symptoms as predictors of post-operative cerebral DWI lesions. Our results indicate that ultrasound-based carotid plaque characteristics help predict new cerebral ischemic lesions after CEA.     

Transitional cell carcinoma in a patient with X‐linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome

Patients with X‐linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome (XHIGM) have a defective CD40–CD40 ligand system and further immunoglobulin class‐switching. They may present with recurrent infection and malignancy involving the liver, pancreas or biliary tract. We report here a case of poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma in a young man with XHIGM even on regular treatment and discuss the possible pathogenesis. Given that the triggering of the CD40–CD40 ligand system has been found to improve tumor immunogenicity in recent studies, future immunotherapy targeting the CD40 ligand for these patients may be feasible to prolong their survival.     

A biochemiluminescent assay for rapid diagnosis of influenza

Clinical and Experimental Medicine - A biochemiluminescent assay of influenza diagnosis is presented. The assay diagnoses influenza based on detection of the influenza viral neuraminidase activity....     

Association of dietary isoflavone consumption with subclinical cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people

Background and aimsThe association between isoflavone (ISF) consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial because of limited evidence. Carotid atherosclerosis is an established indicator of subclinical CVD. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary ISF intake and subclinical CVD in middle-aged and elderly adults.Methods and resultsA total of 873 subjects aged 40–70 years without CVD were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A restricted cubic spline was used to investigate the association between ISF intake and subclinical CVD risk. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval of the risk of subclinical CVD for ISF were estimated by two-segmented logistic regression analysis. In Model 2, there was a non-linear association between ISF intake and the risk of subclinical CVD among women (P_non-linear = 0.002), with an inverse association below the change point. The nadir for the risk of subclinical CVD among women was 7.26 mg/day (energy-adjusted). Below the change point, an increase of 1 mg ISF/day reduced the risk of subclinical CVD by 15%. There was no significant association between ISF intake and subclinical CVD risk above the change point (OR = 1.01 [0.99, 1.04]). ISF intake was not associated with subclinical CVD risk in men (Model 2: P_non-linear = 0.224).ConclusionsBelow the change point (7.26 mg/day), women with a higher intake of ISF had a significantly lower risk of subclinical CVD. Encouraging the consumption of ISF-rich foods may help to lower CVD risk in middle-aged and elderly women.Trial registrationThis study is registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR 1900022445).     

针灸治疗阿尔茨海默病的CiteSpace知识图谱可视化分析＊

目的 采用可视化分析方法总结国内针灸治疗阿尔茨海默病的研究进展。方法 检索中国知网（CNKI）中针灸治疗阿尔茨海默病的相关文献，利用CiteSpace软件生成相关文献的作者、研究机构和关键词的共现图谱，并进行分析。结果 共检索出相关文献290篇，符合纳入标准的有263篇，年发文量呈上升-回落交替的趋势。可视化图谱显示：共有96位作者被纳入，其中32位作者发文量 ≥ 3篇；共有25所机构被纳入，其中5所机构发文量 ≥ 3篇；共有101个关键词被纳入，其中9个关键词的出现频次 ≥ 10次。涉及的针灸治疗方法包括电针、手针、艾灸、针刺+艾灸、针药结合等，最常用的腧穴为以督脉为代表的阳经经穴。结论 ①针灸治疗AD的研究较为热门，但整体影响力不足，需加强多机构、多中心的协作交流；②针灸干预AD侧重于基础研究，临床研究薄弱，今后应规范治疗体系，强化大规模临床研究，促进科研成果的转化与应用。     

浅谈可持续发展的临床科研数据平台建设

医学发展离不开大量临床经验的积累和总结,优秀的临床工作平台可以保障提供足量的病例,然而临床科研所需要的规范化数据还需要遵循科研的标准从海量的临床数据信息中筛选提取。单纯依靠个人的收集往往受其能力和时间限制不能尽善尽美,并且容易形成数据孤岛,不利于平台的持续发展和科研人才的培养效率。可持续发展的临床科研数据平台是医学科研创新和人才培养的基础,文章仅以四川大学华西口腔医院唇腭裂外科科研数据平台建设为例,从实例出发,详细介绍了如何建立临床科研数据平台以及如何保证其可持续性发展,旨在抛砖引玉,为更多可持续发展的临床科研平台建设提供参考。     

Mechanism of subchronic vinyl chloride exposure combined with a high-fat diet on hepatic steatosis

Vinyl chloride (VC) is a common industrial organic chlorine and environmental pollutant. In recent years, the dietary structure of residents especially Chinese has gradually shifted to western dietary patterns. VC aggravates dietary fatty acid-induced hepatic steatosis, but its mechanism is still unclear. And if the risk factors for steatosis persist, more severe diseases such as fibrosis and cirrhosis will occur. Therefore, we studied the effects and mechanisms of VC (160 and 800 mg/m³) and its metabolite (chloroacetaldehyde, 2.25, 4.5, and 9 μM) on hepatic steatosis of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and palmitic acid (PA, 100 μM) treated HepG2 cells. Liver and serum biochemical indicators and pathological staining of the liver showed that the hepatic steatosis of VC combined with HFD groups was more severe than that of single-exposure groups (HFD group, low-dose VC group, and high-dose VC group). Moreover, VC enhanced HFD-induced oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and further upregulated the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and FAS. Besides, antioxidants and ERS inhibitors reduced the steatosis of HepG2 cells induced by VC metabolites and PA. These results suggest that VC exposure can enhance the degree of hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed mice. VC combined with HFD led to OS and ERS and upregulated the expression of de novo lipogenesis-related proteins, which may be related to the occurrence of hepatic steatosis. And the increased expression of CYP2E1 induced by VC combined with HFD may be the cause of OS.