Primary tumors and mediastinal lymph nodes after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy of lung cancer: serial CT findings with pathologic correlation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the changes of primary tumor and mediastinal lymph nodes on CT after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy and to correlate the CT findings with pathology. METHOD: Twenty-one consecutive patients [N2 disease (n = 19) or resectable T4 and N2 disease (n = 2)] with non-small cell lung cancer underwent neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Changes of primary tumor and mediastinal nodes before and after the therapy were assessed using CT. The CT findings were correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS: With neoadjuvant therapy, decrease in T stage was achieved in 9 of 21 (43%) patients on CT. On pathology, the remaining tumor consisted mostly of fibrosis and necrosis with little proportion of viable tumor cells (mean volume 17%, range 0-55%). Decrease in nodal stage was achieved in 14 of 21 (67%) patients on pathologic examination. Seven patients had cancer cells in mediastinal lymph nodes: in 6 of 9 (67%) patients with adenocarcinoma and 1 of 12 (8%) patients with squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: With neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the remaining tumor consists mostly of fibrosis or necrosis. Decreased nodal stage on pathology is achieved especially in patients with N2 disease of squamous cell carcinoma. The CT findings of the tumor and mediastinal nodes are not helpful in predicting the pathology after the therapy.     

Coil occlusion of the parent artery for treatment of symptomatic peripheral intracranial aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Peripheral intracranial aneurysms can be difficult to treat with traditional surgical or embolization techniques that spare the parent vessel. We report the results of our use of coil occlusion of the parent vessel for the treatment of nine peripheral intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: During approximately a 4-year period, nine patients (six men and three women, 27 to 68 years old; average age, 42 years) presented to our institution with peripheral intracranial aneurysms. The aneurysms were located on branches of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 2), the right superior cerebellar artery (n = 1), the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 1), the right posterior cerebral artery (n = 3), the left middle cerebral artery (n = 1), and the left anterior cerebral artery (n = 1). Parent vessel occlusion was performed using microcoils after test injection with amobarbital (Amytal) in eight of the nine cases (one patient was comatose and could not be tested before occlusion). RESULTS: Angiography immediately after the procedure showed aneurysmal occlusion in every patient. Follow-up arteriography, performed in six patients 2 to 12 months after treatment, documented continued aneurysmal occlusion in every case. Three patients exhibited mild, nondisabling neurologic deficits after coil placement; the rest had no new deficits, although one patient was severely disabled from the initial hemorrhage and one patient died of an unrelated cause. CONCLUSION: Our results lend support to the use of parent vessel occlusion for peripheral aneurysms that are difficult to treat surgically or that are not amenable to intra-aneurysmal coil placement.     

The application of color Doppler flow imaging in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of erectile dysfunction

We aim to investigate the correlations between hemodynamic parameters, penile rigidity grading, and the therapeutic effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors using color Doppler flow imaging after intracavernosal injection in patients with erectile dysfunction. This study involved 164 patients. After intracavernosal injection with a mixture of papaverine (60 mg), prostaglandin E₁ (10 μg), and lidocaine (2%, 0.5–1 ml), the penile vessels were assessed using color Doppler flow imaging. Penile rigidity was classified based on the Erection Hardness Score system as Grades 4, 3, 2 or 1 (corresponding to Schramek Grades V to II). Then, the patients were given oral sildenafil (50–100 mg) and scored according to the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. The number of patients with penile rigidities of Schramek Grades II to V was 14, 18, 21, and 111, respectively. The IIEF-5 score was positively correlated with the refilling index of the penile cavernosal artery (r = 0.79, P < 0.05), the peak systolic velocity (r = 0.45, P < 0.05), and penile rigidity (r = 0.75, P < 0.05), and was negatively correlated with the end diastolic velocity (r = −0.74, P < 0.05). For patients with erectile dysfunction, both the IIEF-5 score after sildenafil administration, which is correlated with penile rigidity, and the hemodynamic parameters detected using color Doppler flow imaging may predict the effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor treatment and could provide a reasonable model for the targeted-treatment of erectile dysfunction.     

Coronary ostial stenosis after aortic valvuloplasty (comprehensive aortic root and valve repair)

Comprehensive aortic root and valve repair (CARVAR) surgery using specially designed aortic rings was introduced as a new surgical technique for aortic valve disease. We present five consecutive cases of iatrogenic coronary ostial stenosis after CARVAR surgery in patients with aortic stenosis. The preoperative coronary angiography confirmed that all the patients had normal coronary arteries. They underwent aortic valvuloplasty by aortic leaflet extension and insertion of specially designed inner and outer rings at the level of the sinotubular junction. Within 6 months after surgery, all the patients complained of resting chest pain and dyspnea with changes of electrocardiography. Repeated coronary angiography demonstrated right coronary artery (RCA) ostial stenosis in one patient and left main (LM) ostial stenosis in the other four patients. Intravascular ultrasonography demonstrated severe ostial stenosis and extensive echogenic tissue in the extravascular area. Four patients with LM ostial disease successfully underwent coronary bypass graft surgery, and percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting was performed in one case of RCA ostial stenosis. Because the mechanism of this complication is not fully confirmed, more clinical study is required to confirm the safety issues of CARVAR surgery.     

Comparison of cognitive function between patients with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Objective To evaluate whether dialysis modality will affect cognitive function in dialysis population. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Chronic dialysis patients in our center was screened from July 2013 to July 2014. All of the subjects received brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and comprehensive cognitive function evaluation. Results A total of 189 chronic dialysis patients were enrolled in this study, 122 cases on hemodialysis (HD) and 67 cases on peritoneal dialysis (PD). There was no significant difference in age between HD and PD groups [(56.4±13.2) years vs (56.4±16.1) years, t=0.004, P=0.997]. The dialysis vintage and serum albumin of HD patients was higher than those of PD patients[58.0(16.8, 107.5) months vs 31.0(7.0, 67.0) months, Z=-3.490, P＜0.001; (39.6±3.9) g/L vs (35.3±3.8) g/L, t=7.328，P＜0.001, respectively]. The prevalence of cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) was comparable between HD and PD groups (all P＞0.05). Compared with HD patients, PD patients presented a 11.90-fold risk of immediate memory impairment (95%CI 1.40-101.08, P=0.023) and a 6.18-fold risk of long-delayed memory impairment (95%CI 2.12-18.05, P=0.001). After adjusting for age, educational lever, dialysis vintage, serum creatinine, and CSVDs, the influence of dialysis modality on memory still worked. PD patients presented a 43% risk of executive function impairment of HD patients (OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.17-1.04, P=0.061). Conclusions HD patients manifested better memory than PD patients, while PD probably performed better in executive function than HD patients. There was no significant difference in language function between the two groups. The difference in cognitive function may not be related to CSVDs.     

乳腺良性疾病(病变)的诊断和鉴别诊断要点

临床常见的乳腺非肿瘤病变有乳腺囊性增生病、导管扩张症(或浆细胞性乳腺炎)、积乳囊肿、脂肪坏死等.良性肿瘤中,以纤维腺瘤和导管内乳头状瘤多见.需与乳腺恶性肿瘤鉴别的常见病有:乳腺导管扩张症.脂肪坏死,硬化性腺病及巨纤维腺瘤.乳头状瘤病与乳头状瘤是两类性质截然不同的病变.病理组织学诊断为乳头状瘤病及非典型增生(主指Ⅱ～Ⅲ级)的属癌前病变.目前尚无证据说明裳性增生病与乳腺癌的发生有关.     

以癌胚抗原升高为首发表现的甲状腺髓样癌6例报告

目的 探讨以癌胚抗原(CEA)升高为首发表现的甲状腺髓样癌的诊治方法。方法 回顾性分析北京医院普外科2002年1月至2008年6月收治6例以CEA升高为首发表现的甲状腺髓样癌的临床资料。 结果 6例病人在常规体检时发现CEA升高,经过全面体检排除了CEA升高的常见疾病,发现有甲状腺结节,行甲状腺肿瘤手术治疗,病理证实为甲状腺髓样癌,术后随访至今均存活,肿瘤无复发。 结论 CEA升高是甲状腺髓样癌较为常见的临床表现之一,临床鉴别CEA升高疾病时应考虑到甲状腺髓样癌的可能。     

大肠癌致急性肠梗阻的外科治疗(178例临床分析)

目的探讨大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法及疗效。方法大肠癌致急性肠梗阻178例,一期行右半结肠切除37例,一期行左半结肠切除80例,一期行结肠次全切除、回肠-乙状结肠(或直肠上段)吻合31例,一期行左半结肠或直肠上段癌切除,近端结肠造瘘、封闭远端结肠(或直肠)、二期吻合13例,结、直肠癌晚期无法根治切除者行结肠造瘘7例,短路手术10例。结果术后并发症发生率为13.5%(24/178),围手术期死亡率为4.5%(8/178)。结论大肠癌致急性肠梗阻的外科治疗应及时并遵循个体化原则,应创造条件力争一期切除肿瘤,解除梗阻。对左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻病人施行一期肿瘤切除吻合术是安全有效的,但应严格掌握适应证,灵活应用不同的手术方式。     

自体微粒口腔黏膜移植在阴道成形术中的应用

目的 探讨自体微粒口腔黏膜移植在阴道成形术中的应用疗效.方法 2007年3月-2008年4月,收治9例先天性无阴道及1例阴道再造术后7年继发阴道狭窄患者.年龄18～31岁,平均26岁.患者第二性征发育正常,阴道前庭处未探及阴道或仅有浅凹陷,双侧卵巢正常,激素水平正常,染色体均为46,XX.B超示阴道狭窄患者的子宫正常,余均为无子宫或始基子宫.术中取患者双侧6.0 cm×2.5 cm的口腔黏膜,将其剪碎成直径约0.5 mm的微粒,移植于直肠与尿道之间的阴道再造腔穴.结果 阴道成形术手术时间为1～2 h,术中出血80～100 mL.1例因包扎压力不足于术后1 d继发出血,对症处理后愈合;其余9例无术后并发症发生.10例均获随访,随访时间4～16个月.再造阴道深6～10 cm,黏膜光滑红润,弹性好,近阴道外口处阴道壁可见皱襞,病理检查示复层鳞状上皮.外阴外观与正常女性相似,无手术瘢痕.口腔内供黏膜区域无继发畸形.4例已婚妇女性交时均未出现疼痛、出血.余患者无性生活.结论 自体微粒口腔黏膜移植阴道成形术,疗效可靠,创伤小,口腔及外阴形态无破坏,使阴道再造手术简便易行.     

Complete surgical resection of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with carinal reconstruction in a 4-year-old boy

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the carina and the main bronchus is a rare tumor. The authors report here on a case of a 4-year-old boy with an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor at the carina and extending to the left main bronchus. He presented with fever and a cough of 2 months' duration. Preoperative assessment of the tumor revealed an intraluminal round mass arising from the carina and extending into the left main bronchus, and this caused near-total obstruction of the left main bronchus and the subsequent total collapse of the entire left lung. The complete resection of the mass with carinal reconstruction was successful. The tumor was a round mass measuring 1.5 × 1 cm. It had characteristic features of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, namely, the proliferation of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts.