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131.
132.
Clostridium difficile can cause inflammatory diarrhoea and colitis by disrupting normal colonic flora. Corticosteroids are effective against diarrhoea associated with inflammatory bowel disease, but their effectiveness in treating inflammatory diarrhoea of C difficile has not been reported. In this preliminary report, we describe the use of corticosteroids in a child with severe C difficile diarrhoea and colitis refractory to standard treatments. 相似文献
133.
Hartz BP Søhoel A Berezin V Bock E Scheel-Krüger J 《Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior》2003,75(4):861-867
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is an important modulator of neuronal development and plasticity associated with learning and memory. Previously, a synthetic peptide ligand of NCAM, called C3, has been identified and shown to modulate neuronal plasticity in vitro and memory in a step-through passive avoidance task in rats in vivo. In this study, we extended these findings and found that intraventricular injection of C3 prior to training impaired learning or memory processes in rats and mice in an approach avoidance task and decreased exploratory behavior in rats. The effect of C3 was additionally evaluated in the Morris water maze; memory impairment was observed in the second training trial 24 h after the injection of C3 only, indicating an effect on short-term memory. The C3-mediated memory impairment observed in the approach avoidance and water maze tests is suggested to be the result of C3-inhibiting NCAM functions in the brain. This study demonstrates that it is possible to modulate learning/memory processes in rodents in vivo with small synthetic NCAM-binding peptides that induce developmental plasticity in vitro. 相似文献
134.
135.
M S Medow K D Thek L J Newman S Berezin M S Glassman S M Schwarz 《American journal of diseases of children (1960)》1990,144(11):1261-1264
Lactose-intolerant children manifest diminished or nonexistent intestinal lactase activity, resulting in flatulence, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. To assess the hydrolytic capability of lactase-containing tablets taken immediately before oral lactose challenge, we studied 18 children previously identified as being lactose intolerant and having no underlying organic gastrointestinal disease. Subjects had a mean (+/- SEM) age of 11.4 +/- 3.4 years; 72% were male. At time of the study, lactase-containing tablets or placebo tablets were ingested (double-blind) immediately before drinking a solution of lactose. Breath samples were obtained for hydrogen analysis at 30-minute intervals during a 2-hour period, and clinical symptoms were monitored. In lactose-intolerant patients, hydrogen production was significantly greater following placebo (maximum hydrogen excretion, approximately 60 ppm) compared with lactase-containing tablets (maximum hydrogen excretion, 7 ppm). Increased hydrogen production was associated with clinical symptoms including abdominal pain (89% of subjects following placebo ingestion), bloating (83%), diarrhea (61%), and flatulence (44%). These results indicate, therefore, that coingestion of lactose and lactase-containing tablets significantly reduces both breath hydrogen excretion and clinical symptoms associated with lactose intolerance. 相似文献
136.
Gastroesophageal reflux-induced hypoxemia in infants with apparent life-threatening event(s) 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
C C See L J Newman S Berezin M S Glassman M S Medow A J Dozor S M Schwarz 《American journal of diseases of children (1960)》1989,143(8):951-954
To evaluate relationships between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and the development and onset of apparent life-threatening event(s) (ALTE), 16 infants presenting with ALTE and 6 control subjects manifesting clinical GER alone were studied using prolonged, esophageal pH monitoring in conjunction with simultaneous pulse oximetry and transthoracic impedance pneumocardiography. Despite the absence of a clinical vomiting history in 14 of 16 patients with ALTE, the incidence of GER was similar in both groups (patients with ALTE vs control subjects, 95% vs 100%). Significant arterial oxygen desaturation (less than 90% for greater than 3 minutes) was monitored during 60 episodes in 14 of 16 infants with ALTE, compared with no episodes of reduced arterial oxygen saturation in control subjects. Fifty-four of 60 of these desaturation events commenced within 3.9 +/- 0.4 minutes (mean +/- SD) of onset of a drop in esophageal pH to less than 4.0. Linear regression analysis indicates a significant correlation between duration of esophageal acidification and length of individual hypoxemic episodes (r = .39). Pneumocardiograms were normal in all patients. These data suggest that unsuspected GER is common in infants presenting with ALTE and, in these patients, GER may be directly associated with reflex hypoxemic episodes. Prolonged intraesophageal pH monitoring, performed simultaneously with evaluation for apnea, should be considered in all infants presenting with ALTE. 相似文献
137.
A severe infantile form of nemaline myopathy has a high mortality rate when untreated because of subsequent malnutrition and respiratory failure. Three infants with this condition demonstrated persistent vomiting, poor weight gain, and recurrent pneumonias. Esophageal manometry demonstrated decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressures and low amplitude peristalsis; 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring revealed significant gastroesophageal reflux. Medical therapy was ineffective in relieving symptoms. After antireflux surgery, vomiting and respiratory symptoms ceased, and there was no longer significant gastroesophageal reflux during pH monitoring. Our experience indicates that in some infants with nemaline myopathy a severe form of gastroesophageal reflux develops that is not responsive to medical therapy. Early surgical intervention may decrease life-threatening complications associated with gastroesophageal reflux in these infants. 相似文献
138.
139.
Suzanne AV Van Asten Adam Nichols Javier La Fontaine Kavita Bhavan Edgar JG Peters Lawrence A Lavery 《International wound journal》2017,14(1):40-45
In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of inflammatory markers to diagnose and monitor the treatment of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. We evaluated 35 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital with infected foot ulcers. Patients were divided in two groups based on the results of bone culture and histopathology: osteomyelitis and no osteomyelitis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1 alpha (MIP1α) were measured at baseline after 3 and 6 weeks of standard therapy. PCT levels in the osteomyelitis group were significantly higher at baseline than in the group with no osteomyelitis (P = 0·049). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the levels of the other markers. CRP, ESR, PCT and IL‐6 levels significantly declined in the group with osteomyelitis after starting therapy, while MCP‐1 increased (P = 0·002). TNFα and MIP1α levels were below range in 80 out of 97 samples and therefore not reported. Our results suggest that PCT might be useful to distinguish osteomyelitis in infected foot ulcers. CRP, ESR, PCT and IL‐6 are valuable when monitoring the effect of therapy. 相似文献
140.
T Collin AV Blackburn RH Milner C Gerrand M Ragbir 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2010,92(4):326-329