Pulmonary hydatid disease mimicking sequestration: Differentiation on magnetic resonance imaging

A case of hydatid disease of the lung proven by thoracotomy and histopathological evaluation is described. It was clinically and radiologically suggestive of a complicated pulmonary sequestration or non-resolving consolidation.     

Giant cell tumor of bone: radiographic changes following local excision and allograft replacement

The authors retrospectively evaluated the clinical records and radiographs obtained from 41 patients who had giant cell tumor of bone and who were treated by local resection and allograft replacement. Postoperative complications developed in 41% of the patients. However, the eventual clinical outcome was considered to be satisfactory in 85% of all cases. There were no instances of tumor recurrence, and surprisingly, postoperative arthritis was not a major problem. The major complications encountered were infection and allograft fracture; bone infection accounted for most of the clinical failures. All infections were associated with the increasing soft-tissue swelling and bone resorption detected on radiographic studies. Other radiographic parameters that were associated with an increased rate of complications included osteopenia, increased periosteal reaction, and decreased bone formation at the host-donor junction site. The clinical outcome was distinctly less favorable in those cases in which the patient had had a pathologic fracture or a previous resection, or in whom the graft was implanted at the distal radius.     

Respiratory distress syndrome treated with human surfactant: radiographic findings

Chest radiographs of 18 newborns treated with endotracheal instillation of human surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were compared with those of 18 similar but untreated infants. In the treated infants, severity of RDS significantly improved after surfactant administration. Most treated infants (16/18) exhibited a left-to-right shunt, presumably through a patent ductus arteriosus; similar findings were noted in untreated infants (17/18). Complications of respiratory assistance in the treated infants included transient pulmonary interstitial emphysema (n = 1), pneumothorax (n = 1), and mild (n = 4) to moderate (n = 2) bronchopulmonary dysplasia; the incidences of these complications did not exceed those in untreated infants. In three treated infants, a transient interstitial lung disease developed 3-4 days after surfactant administration.     

Features of the association of Helicobacter pylori infection and ulcer in Europeans and Mongoloids in Siberia

AIM: To study association between Helicobacter Pylori infection in ulcer in native population and migrants in Siberia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epidemiological survey of ulcer has been performed in Northern (Evenkia, Yakutia) and Southern (Khakasia) regions of Siberia. Clinical examination covered 3908 Europeoids (Russians, Ukrainians) and 1999 Mongoloids (Evenks, Evens, Khakases). Endoscopic examination was made in 2144 patients. Light microscopy has detected Helicobacter pylori (HP) in 453 patients (215 migrants and 238 natives). RESULTS: Prevalence of ulcer in the South of Siberia was 6.1 and 1.5% for migrants and natives, respectively. In the North--8.9 and 0.6%, respectively. HP was diagnosed in 83.7% of Mongoloids and 69.2% of Europeoids in the South and 92.2 and 100%, respectively, in the North. HP index, contamination and adhesion in migrants were higher than in native population. CONCLUSION: Siberial Europeoids and Mongoloids have specific ethnic features of ulcer occurrence and its association with HP. Native population is protected better from the pathogenic bacteria. Further study of the causes of virulent bacterial properties and mechanisms maintaining long persistance of HP in the stomach is necessary.     

Kinetics and 28-day test–retest repeatability and reproducibility of [11C]UCB-J PET brain imaging

[¹¹C]UCB-J is a novel radioligand that binds to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). The main objective of this study was to determine the 28-day test–retest repeatability (TRT) of quantitative [¹¹C]UCB-J brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and healthy controls (HCs). Nine HCs and eight AD patients underwent two 60 min dynamic [¹¹C]UCB-J PET scans with arterial sampling with an interval of 28 days. The optimal tracer kinetic model was assessed using the Akaike criteria (AIC). Micro-/macro-parameters such as tracer delivery (K₁) and volume of distribution (V_T) were estimated using the optimal model. Data were also analysed for simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) with centrum semi-ovale (white matter) as reference region. Based on AIC, both 1T2k_V_B and 2T4k_V_B described the [¹¹C]UCB-J kinetics equally well. Analysis showed that whole-brain grey matter TRT for V_T, DVR and SRTM BP_ND were –2.2% ± 8.5, 0.4% ± 12.0 and –8.0% ± 10.2, averaged over all subjects. [¹¹C]UCB-J kinetics can be well described by a 1T2k_V_B model, and a 60 min scan duration was sufficient to obtain reliable estimates for both plasma input and reference tissue models. TRT for V_T, DVR and BP_ND was <15% (1SD) averaged over all subjects and indicates adequate quantitative repeatability of [¹¹C]UCB-J PET.     

Therapy-Induced Changes in CXCR4 Expression in Tumor Xenografts Can Be Monitored Noninvasively with N-[11C]Methyl-AMD3465 PET

Molecular Imaging and Biology - Chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 are constitutively overexpressed in human cancers. The CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling axis plays an important role in tumor...