面向新世纪硕士研究生免疫学教学改革

21世纪免疫学等前沿学科高速发展 ,建立与之相适应的研究生免疫学教学体系是当前各高等院校教学改革的重点。选择应用性教学模式 ,在教学方式上加以突出 ,在教学中增加免疫学高新技术内容 ,同时规范教学及加强教学评价 ,有利于提高硕士研究生免疫学教学质量。     

二氧二茂钛原料药的稳定性研究

利用紫外分光光度计对二氯二茂钛进行含量测定。回归方程为 :Y =0 9881X - 0 90 90× 10 -3(Y :吸光度 ;X :浓度 ,mg/L) ,相关系数r=0 9999,线性范围为 13 .6～ 81.6mg/L。模拟试验 3份 ,回收率为 98 4 5 %～ 10 1 3 3 % ,相对标准偏差为 0 14 %～ 0 3 3 %。本实验研究了原料药二氯二茂钛的稳定性 ,结果表明不同的湿度、温度等条件对二氯二茂钛的稳定性有一定影响     

香菇多糖与IL-2合用对肺癌浸润淋巴细胞抗瘤活性的影响

目的探讨香菇多糖与IL-2合用对肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)抗瘤活性的影响。方法将TIL分别置于含IL-2或IL-2加香菇多糖培养液中培养30d,观察TIL的扩增能力、抗瘤活性的变化。结果IL-2加香菇多糖培养的Til平均扩增倍数和抗瘤活性均明显高于IL-2培养的TIL。IL-2加香菇多糖培养的TIL对自体瘤细胞,K562和Raji细胞的最大杀伤活性分别为67.18±14.73％,71.25±15.86％和66.15±15.07％;而单纯IL-2培养的TIL对各种靶细胞的最大杀伤活性分别为43.81±12.17％,50.83±13.56％和45.41±13.76％。两组相比,差异显著(P＜0.05)。结论香菇多糖与IL-2合用具有促进TIL扩增,增强其抗瘤活性的作用。     

12例腰椎间盘突出合并腰骶神经背根节嵌压

目的：了解腰椎间盘同合并腰骶神经背根节（ＤＲＧ）嵌压的机制。方法：１２例腰椎间盘突出患者术中发现：髓核切除后神经根张力仍较大并固定,沿神经根探查发现腰骶神经ＤＲＧ充血并肿大,直径０．８－１．２ｃｍ,平均１．１ｃｍ。嵌压物为增生的上关节突和增生肥厚的关节囊韧带。１２例病人共探查１５个ＤＲＧ,其中位于椎间孔６例,椎管和椎间孔交界７例,椎间孔外２例同时合并腰神经在椎间孔外嵌压。     

POLYMORPHISM OF ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME GENE AND GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ASTHMA WITH FAMILIAL AGGREGATION

Objective. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in the metabolism of angiotensin Ⅱ (AT Ⅱ) and inactivation of bradykinins and tachykinins, which are potent bronchialconstrictors and mediators of inflammation asthma, and ACE is heavily expressed in the lungs. An insertion-deletion (D/I) polymorphism of ACE gene has been shown to be associated with levels of ACE. We investigate whether the polymorphism of ACE gene is associated with asthma and bronchial responsiveness.Methods. A case-control study was carried out in 50 asthmatics, 7 families with at least 2 asthmatic individuals, and 50 healthy subjects. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methacholine brocho-provocation and pulmonary function tests were performed in all asthmatics. Results. There was an higher gene frequency of DD genotype of ACE gene in asthmatic subjects and families individuals compared with healthy subjects (46%, 53% vs 16%, P＜0.05; odd ratio 4.98). Anhigher prevalence of DD genotype of ACE was in patients with bronchial hyperresposiveness (BHR) (67%vs 33%, P＜0.05; odd ratio 3.8). Accordingly, the mean values of FEV1% and FEV1/FVC were higher in asthmatics carrying non-DD alleles than patients with DD genotype (73.78% vs 56.56%, P＜0.05; 79.19% vs 69.29%, P＜0.05, respectively).Conclusion. These results suggested that DD allele of ACE genotype was significantly involved in genetic susceptibility to asthma. DD genotype of ACE might be a risk factor for the degree of airway obstruction, it could also be implicated in pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.     

米索前列醇用于产后出血的预防

目的：米索前列醇预防产后出血的效果。方法：选择１９９８年８月至１９９９年７月在我院住院分娩的３００例单胎头位孕妇,随机分为米索前列醇组,催产素组,每组１５０例,米索组在胎儿娩出前,胎头着冠时给产妇直肠内置米前列醇６００ｕｇ。催产素组在胎儿娩出后产妇臂部肌注催产素２０Ｉｕ。观察两组产后２ｈ内出血量。结果：产后２ｈ平均出血量米索前列醇组明显低于催产素组,差异有极显性。产后出血发生率米索前列醇组为３．     

Simultaneous Construct Surface Microstructural and Internal Network-Like Conductive Pathways of Poly(l-lactic acid)/Carbon Nanomaterials Composite Foams

The poly(l -lactic acid) (PLLA)/carbon nanomaterials composite foams with hierarchical surface microstructural and internal conductive pathways are successfully prepared by a simple crystallization-assisted rapid phase separation (CARPS). The dimension and morphology of carbon nanomaterials can induce different crystallization forms to construct the hierarchical surface microstructure, and they are distributed on the phase interface of solvent and non-solvent to form conductive pathways. It is found that the heterogeneous nucleation of nanomaterials promotes a significant increase in crystallinity, and a stacked granular structure formed on the surface promotes the increase of the water contact angle to 148.7°. Foams with interconnecting pore structures contribute to the formation of 85.3% porosity and 12.33 g g⁻¹ oil absorption. Carbon nanomaterials are distributed on the pore walls of the porous foam, which converts the foam from an insulating material to a conducting polymer. Furthermore, the uniform distribution of nanomaterials significantly affects the thermal stability of the PLLA. In belief, the multifunctional biodegradable foam, prepared by a CARPS method, makes it promising for industrial production and has potential applications in electrical conductivity, oil-water separation, and many other fields.     

喉癌中13号染色体杂合性丢失研究

目的　为初步限定喉癌中 13号染色体抑癌基因的缺失区域和为发现及定位抑癌基因提供线索和依据。方法　应用聚合酶链反应 ( PCR) ,筛查了 58例喉癌 (包括 3例原位癌 )组织中染色体13q上 D13S765( 13q13) ,RB1.2 0 ( 13q14.2 ) ,D13S133( 13q14.3) ,D13S318( 13q2 1) 4个座位微卫星多态标记的杂合性丢失。结果　 3例原位癌中无一例发生 13q的杂合性丢失 ,55例浸润癌中在 13q一个以上座位出现杂合性丢失的频率为 4 5% ( 2 4 / 53) ,D13S765座位的杂合性丢失的频率最高 ,为 52 %( 2 2 / 4 2 )。结论　喉癌组织中染色体 13q缺失区域在 D13S765( 13q13)座位附近 ,RB1的近端 ,即在D13S765座位附近存在着与喉癌发生发展密切相关的抑癌基因 ,可能包括 RB1基因 ,它的失活与浸润期喉癌发生发展密切相关。     

Effects of [3H]-BIDN,a novel bicyclic dinitrile radioligand for GABA-gated chloride channels of insects and vertebrates

1. The radiolabelled bicyclic dinitrile, [³H]-3,3-bis-trifluoromethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,2-dicarbonitrile ([³H]-BIDN), exhibited, specific binding of high affinity to membranes of the southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) and other insects. A variety of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor convulsants, including the insecticides heptachlor (IC₅₀, 35±3 nM) and dieldrin (IC₅₀, 93±7 nM), displaced [³H]-BIDN from rootworm membranes. When tested at 100 μM, 1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4-n-propyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane(EBOB), 4-t-butyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-thione (TBPS), 1-phenyl-4-t-butyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (TBOB) and picrotoxin failed to displace 50% of [³H]-BIDN binding to rootworm membranes indicating that the bicyclic dinitrile radioligand probes a site distinct from those identified by other convulsant radioligands.
2. Dissociation studies showed that dieldrin, ketoendrin, toxaphene, heptachlor epoxide and α and β endosulphan displace bound [³H]-BIDN from rootworm membranes by a competitive mechanism.
3. Rat brain membranes were also shown to possess a population of saturable, specific [³H]-BIDN binding sites, though of lower affinity than in rootworm and with a different pharmacological profile. Of the insecticidal GABAergic convulsants that displaced [³H]-BIDN from rootworm, cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and rat brain membranes, many were more effective in rootworm.
4. Functional GABA-gated chloride channels of rootworm nervous system and of cockroach nerve and muscle were blocked by BIDN, whereas cockroach neuronal GABA_B receptors were unaffected.
5. Expression in Xenopus oocytes of either rat brain mRNA, or cDNA-derived RNA encoding a GABA receptor subunit (Rdl) that is expressed widely in the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster resulted in functional, homo-oligomeric GABA receptors that were blocked by BIDN. Thus, BIDN probes a novel site on GABA-gated Cl⁻ channels to which a number of insecticidally-active molecules bind.

     

抗生素在预防胸外科择期手术切口感染中的应用

目的　探讨抗生素在预防胸外科择期手术切口感染中的合理应用。方法　按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类切口对635 例胸外科择期手术分组进行抗生素的种类、应用时机、术后疗程等方面切口感染率的统计比较。结果　Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类切口感染率分别为2.56% 、4.39% 、7.54% ;青霉素类、喹诺酮类和头孢菌素类抗生素应用,切口感染率分别为10.05% 、3.23% 、2.83% 。术后抗生素应用疗程,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类切口感染率3 天以上无差异性,Ⅲ类切口感染率5 天以上无差异性。结论　预防性抗生素应用在胸外科择期手术中有确实的临床意义;Ⅱ、Ⅲ类切口的预防性抗生素以二、三代头孢菌素类或三代喹诺酮类为好,Ⅰ类切口的预防性抗生素应用仍应首选青霉素类为宜