Evaluation of a Graphic Interface to Control A Robotic Grasping Arm: A Multicenter Study

Laffont I, Biard N, Chalubert G, Delahoche L, Marhic B, Boyer FC, Leroux C. Evaluation of a graphic interface to control a robotic grasping arm: a multicenter study.

Objective

Grasping robots are still difficult to use for persons with disabilities because of inadequate human-machine interfaces (HMIs). Our purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of a graphic interface enhanced by a panoramic camera to detect out-of-view objects and control a commercialized robotic grasping arm.

Design

Multicenter, open-label trial.

Setting

Four French departments of physical and rehabilitation medicine.

Participants

Control subjects (N=24; mean age, 33y) and 20 severely impaired patients (mean age, 44y; 5 with muscular dystrophies, 13 with traumatic tetraplegia, and 2 others) completed the study. None of these patients was able to grasp a 50-cL bottle without the robot.

Interventions

Participants were asked to grasp 6 objects scattered around their wheelchair using the robotic arm. They were able to select the desired object through the graphic interface available on their computer screen.

Main Outcome Measures

Global success rate, time needed to select the object on the screen of the computer, number of clicks on the HMI, and satisfaction among users.

Results

We found a significantly lower success rate in patients (81.1% vs 88.7%; χ² P=.017). The duration of the task was significantly higher in patients (71.6s vs 39.1s; P<.001). We set a cut-off for the maximum duration at 79 seconds, representing twice the amount of time needed by the control subjects to complete the task. In these conditions, the success rate for the impaired participants was 65% versus 85.4% for control subjects. The mean number of clicks necessary to select the object with the HMI was very close in both groups: patients used (mean ± SD) 7.99±6.07 clicks, whereas controls used 7.04±2.87 clicks. Considering the severity of patients' impairment, all these differences were considered tiny. Furthermore, a high satisfaction rate was reported for this population concerning the use of the graphic interface.

Conclusions

The graphic interface is of interest in controlling robotic arms for disabled people, with numerous potential applications in daily life.     

Protein Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Index Tumors Correlates with Diagnosis of Second Primary Tumors of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract

Background  

Field cancerization is a feature of HNSCCs. No biological marker in the index tumor has correlated with second primary tumor (SPTs) development. Changes in MDM-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression are known to be early neoplastic changes in HNSCC. EGFR expression is correlated with clinical outcomes. This study has assessed the predictive correlation of MDM-2 and EGFR protein expression with clinicopathological parameters and occurrence of SPTs in HNSCC.     

Members of the olfactory receptor gene family are contained in large blocks of DNA duplicated polymorphically near the ends of human chromosomes

We have identified three new members of the olfactory receptor (OR) gene family within a large segment of DNA that is duplicated with high similarity near many human telomeres. This segment is present at 3q, 15q, and 19p in each of 45 unrelated humans sampled from various populations. Additional copies are present polymorphically at 11 other subtelomeric locations. The frequency with which the block is present at some locations varies among populations. While humans carry seven to 11 copies of the OR-containing block, it is located in chimpanzee and gorilla predominantly at a single site, which is not orthologous to any of the locations in the human genome. The observation that sequences flanking the OR-containing segment are duplicated on larger and different sets of chromosomes than the OR block itself demonstrates that the segment is part of a much larger, complex patchwork of subtelomeric duplications. The population analyses and structural results suggest the types of processes that have shaped these regions during evolution. From its sequence, one of the OR genes in this duplicated block appears to be potentially functional. Our findings raise the possibility that functional diversity in the OR family is generated in part through duplications and inter-chromosomal rearrangements of the DNA near human telomeres.      

New way of working: Professionals’ expectations and experiences of the Culture and Health Project for clients with psychiatric disabilities: A focus group study

There is a need for various types of interventions when meeting needs of clients with psychiatric disabilities and complementary interventions may also influence their well‐being. The Culture and Health project, based on complementary interventions with 270 clients, was created in a county in Sweden for clients with psychiatric disabilities and for professionals to carry out the interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the professionals’ expectations regarding the project and their clients’ possibilities for participating, and to investigate the professionals’ experiences of the project after its completion. Focus group data with a total of 30 professionals participating were collected. A qualitative content analysis revealed four categories of the professionals’ expectations before entering the project: “Clients’ own possibilities and limitations for their development and independence”, “Professionals’ possibilities for supporting the clients”, “Societal prerequisites”, and “Expectations of a new way of working”. Furthermore, the analysis regarding professionals’ experiences after working with the project revealed three categories: “Adopting the challenges”, “Having ways of working that function – prerequisites and possibilities”, and “Meeting the future – an ambition to continue”. Conclusion: Working in the Culture and Health project together with the clients in group‐based activities was perceived as beneficial, although challenges arose. When implementing cultural activities, support from stakeholder organisations is needed.