ELEKTA Precise 医用直线加速器波导隔离器维修

本文介绍了波导隔离器在加速器微波系统中的作用、特点,以及Precise加速器上波导隔离器散热水套渗水的处理方法.     

超声波作用下NaBH4/ZrCl4还原9(E)-红霉素肟制备9(S)-红霉胺

9(S)-红霉胺是合成地红霉素和CP-544372的中间体，此化合物可在超声波的作用下利用NaBH4／ZrCl4于室温下还原9(E)-红霉素肟制得，收率为69％，其结构经IR、NMR和MS确证。该方法是制备9(S)-红霉胺的方便、有效的途径。     

Individual and joint effects of borderline ankle-brachial index and high plasma total homocysteine on all-cause death in hypertensive adults

BACKGROUNDThe cardiovascular hazards of total homocysteine (tHcy) are long known. In addition, despite the acknowledgment on the importance of low ankle-brachial index (ABI) (< 0.9), borderline ABI (0.91-0.99) was once commonly overlooked. This study aims to explore the independent and joint effect of tHcy level and borderline ABI on all-cause death in hypertensive population.METHODSThis study included 10,538 participants from China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. ABI was described into two groups: normal ABI (1.00-1.40) and borderline ABI. tHcy level was also divided into two groups: < 15.02 and ≥ 15.02 μmo/L. Four groups were analyzed, using COX proportional hazard regression model, separately and pairwise to observe the independent and joint effect on all-cause death.RESULTSA total of 126 (1.2%) deaths were observed in the 1.7 years follow-up time. Borderline ABI has a higher predicted risk of death than normal ABI (HR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.17-3.00) after adjusting for potential covariates. Compare with tHcy level < 15.02 μmo/L (low tHcy), those with tHcy ≥ 15.02 μmo/L (high tHcy) had higher risk to event outcome (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.30-3.05). According to the cumulative hazard curve, group with borderline ABI and high tHcy level has significantly higher altitude and larger increasing rate over follow-up period compare to other groups. Among those with borderline ABI, participants with high tHcy had higher death risk than those with low tHcy, nevertheless, no significant different between borderline and normal ABI among those with low tHcy levels.CONCLUSIONSBorderline ABI and tHcy level both have independent predictive value on all-cause death. The combined group of borderline ABI and high tHcy has highest risk factor of outcomes, which suggested the mutual additive value of borderline ABI and tHcy. More attention should be given to the importance of borderline ABI in hypertensive population, especially with elevated tHcy level.

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing, non-proteinogenic amino acid synthesized through the transmethylation of amino acid methionine from one-carbon metabolism. Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increased blood coagulation, and metabolic disturbance, promoting cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and coronary artery disease.^[1,2] Notably, patients with high Hcy levels and concomitant hypertension were suggested to be at particularly higher risk.^[3] Moreover, increasing studies have explored a positive association between advanced Hcy level with all-cause mortality. According to a recent dose-response meta-analysis, for each 5-μmol/L increment of tHcy levels, the risk for all-cause mortality increased by 33.6%.^[4]The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is an effective, well-established measure that is commonly used in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD),^[5] meanwhile was well studied as an important indicator of atherosclerosis and CVD events.^[6] Although ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤ 0.90 has been recognized as the threshold value for abnormal/low ABI, which was proven to increase the risk of all-cause mortality,^[7] a study from the American Heart Association has suggested ABI between 0.91 and 1.00 should be considered as “borderline area” in terms of cardiovascular risks,^[8] considering of prior probability and sensitivity of ABI calculation. Emerging studies have aimed to explore the predictive value of borderline ABI,^[9-11] however, controversy remains because of limited and inconsistent data. The current study aimed to explore the individual and joint effect of borderline ABI and tHcy on all-cause mortality among hypertensive adults. Although ABI level ≤ 0.90 has been and is going to remain significant in clinical practice, we believe broader concern should be placed on borderline ABI, especially for its value in risk differentiation and identification. To the best of our knowledge, there are no similar previous studies.     

白介素-13与哮喘、呼吸道合胞病毒感染后喘息的相关性

白介素-13(IL-13)是一种主要由活化的2型辅助T细胞分泌的多效能细胞因子,可刺激B细胞的增殖和IgE的合成,后者通过与肥大细胞、嗜碱性细胞的作用而诱发支气管哮喘(哮喘)的急性发作.而呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)在婴幼儿的感染亦可有喘息出现,部分最终演变为哮喘.该文在IL-13和哮喘及RSV感染后喘息之间寻找其相关性,以探讨IL-13基因突变对哮喘及RSV感染后的喘息影响.     

伊曲康唑治疗着色芽生菌病后出现暂时性增生性皮疹一例

患者,男,67岁。鼻部增生性斑块4个月,有外伤史。实验室检查：组织病理可见真菌孢子,真菌镜检可见硬壳小体,真菌培养与菌种鉴定为卡氏枝孢瓶霉。予伊曲康唑、热敷治疗,患者治疗第1个月后原皮损部位出现的增生性皮疹,继续原治疗方案3个月,增生性皮疹萎缩,基本痊愈。出现增生性皮疹的原因猜测为伊曲康唑治疗后,皮损部位的真菌细胞膜功能受损,大量异种蛋白被机体识别,加重了局部的炎症反应,具体原因还需要进一步研究。     

柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定清开消炎片中猪去氧胆酸的含量

目的建立柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定清开消炎片中猪去氧胆酸含量。方法以0.1%18-冠醚-6乙腈溶液为催化剂,0.6%1-溴乙酰基对硝基苯乙腈溶液对清开消炎片中的猪去氧胆酸进行衍生化,采用高效液相色谱法测定;以Waters Symmetry 5C1(8250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为色谱柱;流动相:乙腈-水(60:40);流速:1.0mL·min-1;柱温:35℃;检测波长:254nm。结果空白无干扰,线性关系良好。结论该方法简便、快捷、重复性好,能准确测定清开消炎片中猪去氧胆酸的含量,为清开消炎片的质量控制提供了依据。     

头穴透刺治疗急性中风病针刺部位特异性观察

目的:观察头穴透刺与常规头针治疗急性中风病的临床疗效差异,探寻头针治疗急性中风病的有效部位及机制。方法:将60例急性中风病患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。两组在神经内科治疗基础上,观察组采用病灶侧百会透刺太阳穴,连续接力式针刺4针;对照组采用病灶侧顶颞前斜线,连续接力式针刺4针。治疗14天后,比较两组患者治疗前后神经功能缺损程度(NDS)评分变化和总体疗效,分别检测患者第2天、第14天血浆内皮素(ET)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的含量。结果:观察组有效率为86.7%(26/30),优于对照组的80.0%(24/30);两组治疗后NDS评分均有明显降低(均P0.01),且观察组的改善程度优于对照组(P0.01);两组治疗后ET水平均明显降低,CGRP水平均明显升高(均P0.01),且观察组较对照组变化幅度更明显(均P0.01)。结论:百会透刺太阳为治疗急性中风病的有效方法,优于常规头针治疗。     

遗传性痉挛性截瘫散发病例的诊断

目的：分析遗传性痉挛性截瘫发病例的临床特点，探讨影响预后的因素。方法：总结了20例散发遗传性痉挛性截瘫患者的临床资料，并进行了随访。结果：起病年龄平均为4岁7个月，首发症状均为步态异常，以进行性痉挛性截瘫为特征，且肌张力增高较肌力减弱更为显著。体感诱发电位检查6例中5例有异常。脊髓MRI检查有2例异常。10例4岁前发病者，8例不能独走，5例发展为复杂型；10例4岁以后发病者，均能维持独直能力且均为单纯型，2例DDST筛查有精神发育落后的患儿均转为复杂型，结论：遗传性痉挛性截瘫散发病例的临床特点与有家族史者相似。体感诱发电位检查可具有重要的诊断价值。4岁前发病者或早期伴有精神发育落的地凰可能较差。     

花蕊石中9种无机元素初级形态研究

目的:测定中药花蕊石及水煎液中无机元素含量,对花蕊石无机元素的初级形态进行分析。方法:采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定花蕊石中9种无机元素的含量,并进行了初级形态分析。结果:各元素在残渣中的含量均远远超过其在溶液中的含量。元素在原药中含量特征如下MgCaFeKZnMnCu,其中Se,Cu,Mo,K的提取率较高。结论:矿物药元素水煎液提取率和浸留比与植物药相比相对较小,花蕊石中Se,Cu可以认为是该药中作用最大的元素或最特征的元素。     

贲门癌的钡餐和CT诊断价值

目的探讨贲门癌的钡餐和CT诊断价值。方法回顾性分析贲门癌的影像学资料,51例钡餐造影,其中39例加作了CT检查。结果贲门癌钡餐造影征象包括贲门部肿块41例,贲门形态的变异和钡流走向改变45例,病变不同程度侵犯食管下端42例,伴胃底黏膜破坏和胃壁僵硬29例,病变侵及胃体部15例。CT征象包括贲门区肿块39例、胃壁增厚6例、食管壁增厚32例、贲门周围淋巴结肿大8例、后腹膜淋巴结肿大5例、肝脏转移灶3例。结论钡餐造影是检出贲门癌的首选方法之一。CT对贲门癌的诊断、术前分期、预后及治疗方案的确定有其重要的价值。