全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1921篇 |
免费 | 55篇 |
国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 22篇 |
儿科学 | 122篇 |
妇产科学 | 192篇 |
基础医学 | 140篇 |
口腔科学 | 97篇 |
临床医学 | 136篇 |
内科学 | 427篇 |
皮肤病学 | 17篇 |
神经病学 | 131篇 |
特种医学 | 33篇 |
外科学 | 421篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
一般理论 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 41篇 |
眼科学 | 39篇 |
药学 | 79篇 |
中国医学 | 4篇 |
肿瘤学 | 73篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 31篇 |
2020年 | 28篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 25篇 |
2016年 | 51篇 |
2015年 | 64篇 |
2014年 | 91篇 |
2013年 | 114篇 |
2012年 | 146篇 |
2011年 | 144篇 |
2010年 | 91篇 |
2009年 | 95篇 |
2008年 | 129篇 |
2007年 | 136篇 |
2006年 | 140篇 |
2005年 | 140篇 |
2004年 | 117篇 |
2003年 | 87篇 |
2002年 | 81篇 |
2001年 | 38篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1990条查询结果,搜索用时 41 毫秒
31.
Maternal smoking is considered to be a risk factor for low birth weight. It is hypothesized that alteration in leptin concentration may be associated with reduced fetal growth. In this study, we assess the effect of smoking during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal serum leptin concentrations, and also on breast milk leptin levels. When the infants were brought to routine physical examination at 7 days old, blood samples and breast milk specimens were taken for leptin measurement from mothers who smoked during pregnancy and their newborns. Nonsmoking mothers and their infants were recruited randomly over the same period as a control group. Maternal age, number of pregnancy, weight of the mothers, birth weight, and gestational age of the infants were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in maternal serum and breast milk leptin levels (p = 0.14 and p = 0.96, respectively). However, serum leptin levels were found significantly lower in neonates born to smoking mothers compared with infants born to nonsmoking mothers (p = 0.02). Our findings suggest that maternal smoking dose not have an effect on maternal serum and breast milk leptin levels but decreases neonatal serum leptin concentration independent of birth weight. 相似文献
32.
Delayed diagnosis of tuberculous arthritis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Erdem H Baylan O Simsek I Dinc A Pay S Kocaoglu M 《Japanese journal of infectious diseases》2005,58(6):373-375
Monoarticular tuberculosis (TB) affecting the knee is rare in all forms of TB (0.1-0.3%). We present the case of a patient with tuberculous arthritis in whom the diagnosis was belated due to a lack of familiarity with the disease; here, we emphasize the difficulties associated with the diagnosing joint TB. A 20-year-old man was referred to our department due to swelling of the right knee and the presence of persistent, mild pain for 4 years. The lack of systemic evidence of this disease, the indolent course of disease, and the presence of non-specific symptoms renders early recognition of this disease difficult. Furthermore, in cases in which a diagnosis cannot be reached simply by culturing the synovial fluid, synovial biopsy cultures should be considered in the diagnostic process, due to the high rate of positivity of such cultures. The diagnosis and treatment of articular TB are both urgent matters; surgical debridement and strict adherence to antituberculous chemotherapy tend to yield a satisfactory functional outcome. 相似文献
33.
Meltem Ceyhan Bilgici Tumay Bekci Yasemin Ulus Ayhan Bilgici Leman Tomak Mustafa Bekir Selcuk 《Journal of Medical Ultrasonics》2018,45(1):137-141
Purpose
Our objective in this study was to assess the changes in medial gastrocnemius muscle (GCM) stiffness after botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection in children with cerebral palsy (CP) by using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography and to research the usability of this technique in clinical practice.Materials and methods
Twenty-four spastic lower extremities of 12 children with CP were assessed. BTA injection treatment was applied to the medial GCM. Muscle stiffness was measured with the ARFI technique before the procedure and a month after the procedure. The patients were assessed with the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) in the physiotherapy department at about the same time. Shear wave velocity (SWV) values and MAS scores before and after the treatment were compared.Results
Mean SWV values were measured as 3.20 ± 0.14 m/s before BTA and as 2.45 ± 0.21 m/s after BTA, and the difference between them was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Mean MAS score (2.33 ± 0.70) after BTA decreased significantly when compared to the score before BTA (2.96 ± 0.62) (p = 0.001). SWV values positively correlated with MAS scores (ρ = 0.578, p = 0.003). The interobserver agreement expressed as interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.65 (95% CI 0.33–0.84, p < 0.001).Conclusion
ARFI elastography for identifying structural changes that occur in the spastic muscle after BTA injection in children with CP can yield more valuable information with combined use of MAS.34.
Uzuner Selcuk Durcan Gizem Sahin Sezgin Bahali Kayhan Barut Kenan Kilicoglu Ali Guven Adrovic Amra Bilgic Ayhan Kasapcopur Ozgur 《Clinical rheumatology》2021,40(12):5025-5032
Clinical Rheumatology - Having a child with a chronic illness is a source of stress for the whole family, especially the primary caregiver. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations... 相似文献
35.
p53 point mutations in primary human gastric carcinomas 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Hiroshi Yokozaki Hiroki Kuniyasu Yasuhiko Kitadai Kenji Nishimura Hiroko Todo Ayşe Ayhan Wataru Yasui Hisao Ito Eiichi Tahara 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》1992,119(2):67-70
Summary p53 point mutations in primary gastric carcinomas were analyzed by performing cDNA deoxynucleotide sequencing of the gene. Out of 16,9 (56.3%) primary gastric carcinoma cases, including early cancer, showed one or more p53 point mutations in their open-reading frame, and 4 out of 9 cases had a p53 point mutation within highly conserved domains. The characteristics of the p53 mutation spectrum observed in primary tumors were (a) frequent mutation at an A:T pair (50%, 7 out of 14 mutations), (b) high transversion incidence (29%, 4 out of 14 mutations), (c) no transition at CpG, and (d) no G:C to T:A transversion. Our results suggest that p53 mutation is a common event in gastric carcinoma occurring from the early stage of progression with its specific mutation spectrum.Abbreviation PCR-SSCP
polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism 相似文献
36.
Surgical treatment of axillary artery aneurysm 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tetik O Yilik L Besir Y Can A Ozbek C Akcay A Gurbuz A 《Texas Heart Institute journal / from the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital》2005,32(2):186-8; discussion 185
Aneurysms of the axillary artery are rare and dangerous lesions that threaten the upper extremities with vascular and neurologic compromise. Most can be treated effectively with surgical excision and vascular grafting. We retrospectively assessed 4 axillary artery aneurysms upon which we operated from February 1998 through March 2004. Three patients were admitted to our clinic for symptomatic axillary masses. The remaining patient was transported to our clinic emergently due to massive hemorrhage of an enlarging axillary mass that occurred during biopsy of the mass at another hospital. In this patient, the ruptured axillary artery aneurysm was diagnosed by means of emergent upper-extremity selective angiography. All patients were treated surgically by means of aneurysmectomy and graft interpositioning--with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in 2 patients and saphenous vein grafts in the other 2. Surgical treatment of axillary artery aneurysms is of importance in avoiding thromboembolism and ischemia, which in turn can lead to gangrene and amputation of the affected extremity. For this reason, operative management of such cases should not be delayed. 相似文献
37.
Acutely increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) can lead to multiple organ failure. As blood flow to intra-abdominal organs is reduced by high venous resistance, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury plays an important role in the pathogenesis of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) following IAP. Melatonin, a secretory product of the pineal gland, is known to have free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties in several oxidative processes. The objective of this study was to examine the potential protective properties of melatonin on the oxidative organ damage in a rat model of ACS. Under ketamine anesthesia, an arterial catheter was inserted intraperioneally (i.p.) and using an aneroid manometer connected to the catheter, IAP was kept at 20 mmHg (ischemia group; I) for 1 hr. In the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, pressure applied for an hour was decompressed and a 1-hr reperfusion period was allowed. In another IR group, melatonin was administered (10 mg/kg, i.p.) immediately before the decompression of IAP. The results demonstrate that tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO; index of tissue neutrophil infiltration) were elevated, while glutathione (GSH; a key to antioxidant) levels were reduced in both I and I/R groups (P < 0.05-0.001). Melatonin treatment in I/R rats reversed these changes (P < 0.01-0.001). Moreover, melatonin given to the I/R group reduced the elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen levels and abolished the increase in serum creatinine levels. Our results indicate that melatonin, because of antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, ameliorates reperfusion-induced oxidative organ damage. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the therapeutic value of melatonin as a 'reperfusion injury-limiting' agent must be considered in ACS. 相似文献
38.
Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease in which genetic determinants are modulated by hormonal, environmental and nutritional factors. The balance between bone resorption and bone formation seems to be regulated by a variety of growth factors and cytokines. An important clinical risk factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is the presence of genetic polymorphisms in susceptibility genes. In this study, we investigated the association between osteoporosis and interleukin 10 (IL-10) −597 C>A and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) T869C (also named Leu10>Pro) polymorphisms in Turkish postmenopausal women. Genomic DNA obtained from 255 individuals (152 osteoporotic and 103 healthy controls). The DNA sample was isolated from peripheral bloods by salting-out method and analyzed by the techniques of PCR-RFLP. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated and data were analyzed using the χ2 test. We found a statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to IL-10 genotype distribution (p = 0.001) and allele frequencies (p < 0.0002). However, we did not found any difference between the groups with regarding TGF-β1 genotype distribution and allele frequencies (p > 0.05). In the combined genotype analysis, IL-10/TGF-β1 CCCC combine genotype was also estimated risk factor for osteoporosis in Turkish postmenopausal women (p = 0.026). To our knowledge, this is the first report to examine IL-10 gene −597 C>A polymorphism and osteoporosis in Turkish population. 相似文献
39.
Aysen Terzi Isıl Yıldız Aktaş Anıl Dolgun Ali Ayhan Türkan Küçükali Alp Usubütün 《Pathology, research and practice》2013
We intended to reevaluate the morphologic prognostic factors for early-stage ovarian carcinomas. We reviewed 111 patients diagnosed with early-stage ovarian cancer who had undergone primary surgery at Hacettepe Hospital between 1984 and 2001, using diagnostic criteria from the WHO-2003 classification. We applied the Universal grading system suggested by Shimizu/Silverberg and noted FIGO-stage, histotype, tumor size, bilaterality, and endometriosis. These features were compared with each other and survival. The survival analysis was carried out by Kaplan–Meier curves. Of the cases, 52 were reclassified as ‘borderline tumor’ or ‘cystadenoma with borderline foci’ and 59 as ‘invasive carcinoma’. FIGO-stage and mitotic count were significant for survivals of 59 patients with cancer. Mitotic index was also significant for the probability of metastasis. The patients with stage-II cancer had 5.65 times more risk of recurrence than stage-I cancer. The 5-year overall and disease-free survivals rates were 90.6% and 87.5% for stage-I, 54.7% and 39.3% for stage-II, respectively. Universal grade did not reach statistical significance for survivals but it was related to FIGO-stage significantly. In conclusion, FIGO-stage is the most reliable prognosticator. Although prognostic value of universal grade is not significant, mitotic count may provide important prognostic information for early-stage ovarian carcinomas. 相似文献
40.
Yesim Cekin Ayhan Hilmi Cekin Adil Duman Ustun Yilmaz Bayram Yesil Basak Oguz Yolcular 《International journal of medical sciences》2013,10(10):1367-1374
Objective: To determine the role of serum procalcitonin levels in predicting ascites infection in hospitalized cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients.Methods: A total of 101 patients (mean age: 63.4±1.3, 66.3% were males) hospitalized due to cirrhosis (n=88) or malignancy related (n=13) ascites were included in this study. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP, 19.8%), culture-negative SBP (38.6%), bacterascites (4.9%), sterile ascites (23.8%) and malign ascites (12.9%) groups were compared in terms of procalcitonin levels in predicting ascites infection. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of procalcitonin levels and predicting outcome of procalcitonin levels was compared with C-reactive protein (CRP).Results: Culture positivity was determined in 26.7% of overall population. Serum procalcitonin levels were determined to be significantly higher in patients with positive bacterial culture in ascitic fluid compared to patients without culture positivity (median (min-max): 4.1 (0.2-36.4) vs. 0.4 (0.04-15.8), p<0.001). Using ROC analysis, a serum procalcitonin level of <0.61 ng/mL in SBP (area under curve (AUC): 0.981, CI 95%: 0.000-1.000, p<0.001), <0.225 ng/mL in culture-negative SBP (AUC: 0.743, CI 95%: 0.619-0.867, p<0.001), <0.42 ng/mL in SBP and culture-negative SBP patients (AUC: 0.824, CI 95%: 0.732-0.916, p<0.001), and <1.12 ng/mL in bacterascites (AUC: 0.837, CI 95%: 0.000-1.000, p=0.019) were determined to accurately rule out the diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis. Predictive power of serum procalcitonin levels in SBP + culture-negative SBP group (AUCs: 0.824 vs 0.622, p=0.004, Fig 4), culture-positive SBP (AUCs: 0.981 vs 0.777, p=0.006, Fig 5) and (although less powerfull) in culture-negative SBP (AUCs: 0.743 vs 0.543, p=0.02, Fig 6) were found significantly higher than CRP.Conclusion: According to our findings determination of serum procalcitonin levels seems to provide satisfactory diagnostic accuracy in differentiating bacterial infections in hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis related ascites. 相似文献