Impact of human serum albumin on oritavancin in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Human serum albumin (HSA) did not affect oritavancin MICs against non–vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (non-VISA) strains. In time–kill assays, oritavancin bactericidal activity in the presence of HSA was significantly more rapid than comparators against non-VISA strains. HSA increased oritavancin MICs by 4-fold for VISA strains, reflective of reduced oritavancin activity in time–kill assays with HSA.     

p63在皮肤发生发育及损伤修复中的作用

目的:皮肤的发生发育及损伤修复受到各种生长因子和细胞因子的综合调控。p63是近年发现的癌基因p53的同源基因,研究证实,p63在发育和肿瘤发生中都具有重要作用。文章对p63在皮肤发生发育和损伤修复中的作用及其研究进展作一综述。资料来源:应用计算机检索Pubmed数据库1999-01/2007-08期间的相关文章,检索词"p63,skin or cutis,development,epidermal ste m cells,healing or repair",限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库1999-01/2007-08期间的相关文章,检索词"p63,皮肤,发生发育,表皮干细胞,修复",限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取符合研究要求的有关文章并查看每篇文献后的引文。纳入标准:有关p63在皮肤发生发育中作用的研究;有关p63在皮肤损伤修复中作用的研究。排除标准:重复或类似的研究、综述文献。资料提炼:共收集到61篇相关文献,28篇文献符合纳入标准,排除的33篇重复或类似的研究文献,其中25篇为p63与皮肤发生发育相关的研究,3篇为p63与皮肤创伤修复方面的研究。资料综合:①p63与皮肤发生发育相关的研究:p63为胚胎发育过程中最初上皮分层所必需,单层体表外胚层上皮层化的程序发动和执行需要不同p63异构体的有序激活,p63的异构体蛋白均来自于同一个基因,由于在转录水平有不同的启动子参与和剪切的不同形成,不同的异构体蛋白作用不同并有相互作用;p63可能激活人类角质形成细胞中的各种分化基因启动子,从而最终调控角质细胞的分化方向;p63基因在角质形成细胞增殖和凋亡过程中具有重要的平衡作用;p63在发育过程中的主要作用在于促使外胚层分化和增生;p63在成熟上皮中维持表皮干细胞的潜在增殖力,是首个能明确将表皮干细胞同短暂扩充细胞区别的基因。②p63与皮肤创伤修复方面的研究:p63在皮肤的发育和损伤愈合中时间上有规律,部位上有选择性地表达;p63是皮肤损伤修复过程中高增殖潜能角质形成细胞的标志并对皮肤损伤病理进程进行调控。结论:p63为胚胎发育过程中最初的上皮分层所必需,在成熟上皮中有维持表皮干细胞的潜在增殖力的作用,是皮肤损伤修复过程中高增殖潜能角质形成细胞的标志并对皮肤损伤病理进程进行调控。     

Using deconstruction to educate Generation Y nursing students

Nurse educators are obligated to use creative strategies to educate a post-modern generation of students who possess distinct characteristics, particularly related to teaching and learning. The complexity of today's health care system, related to changing sociological factors and the differences in this generation, gives reason to tap into the strengths of this generation and consider how a postmodern perspective can influence nursing and nursing education. Derrida, to whom deconstruction is attributed, approached postmodern philosophy as a form of textual criticism. Deconstruction denotes a particular practice of reading, criticism, and analytical inquiry, factors that are important to nursing education. This article describes how deconstruction can be used to enhance nursing education of Generation Y students, and its application to reading comprehension and writing skills is explored.     

Newly defined in vitro quality control ranges for oritavancin broth microdilution testing and impact of variation in testing parameters

A 9-laboratory M23-A2 quality control (QC) study was performed to evaluate reproducibility of oritavancin MICs against reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae using broth microdilution assays in the presence of polysorbate 80. Polysorbate 80 has previously been shown to be required for accurate measurement of oritavancin broth microdilution MICs. Greater than 95% of replicate results (n = 270/organism) fell within the following QC ranges (in micrograms per milliliter): S. aureus ATCC 29213, 0.015 to 0.12; E. faecalis ATCC 29212, 0.008 to 0.03; and S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619, 0.001 to 0.004. Oritavancin MIC QC ranges were, thus, narrow and reproducible. Parameters affecting testing results in the presence of polysorbate 80 were also evaluated. Oritavancin MICs were equivalent to or within 1 doubling dilution of those obtained under standard Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute testing conditions, regardless of incubation time (18, 24, or 48 h), Ca(2+) concentration, pH, or frozen panel storage time (up to 6 months).     

HIV reporting in western Europe : national systems and first European data

AIDS case reporting has been an essential tool for monitoring HIV infection in western Europe. Recent trends in AIDS have been affected by improved antiretroviral treatments that delay HIV disease progression, however, and no longer serve as indicators of     

Gastric adenocarcinoma: CT versus surgical staging

Seventy-five patients with gastric carcinoma underwent preoperative staging with computed tomography (CT). In 14 patients, CT failed to demonstrate lymphadenopathy despite the presence of malignant lymph nodes at surgery. In 13 patients, CT demonstrated enlarged nodes, but no malignant involvement was found at surgery. Although spread to the pancreas was correctly predicted in three patients with lack of fat plane between tumor and pancreas, five patients lacking a fat plane had no invasion, whereas eight patients with an intact fat plane had invasion. Thirty-five patients (47%) were incorrectly staged with CT:23 (31%) were understaged and 12 (16%) were overstaged. CT does not accurately display the true extent of disease in patients with gastric carcinoma and therefore should not be used routinely for staging.     

Percutaneous dilation of benign biliary strictures

Percutaneous balloon dilation of benign biliary strictures was successful in 15 of 18 patients in whom the procedure was attempted. Successful dilation was achieved in nine of 11 patients who had biliary enteric strictures, with follow-up of 22-55 months (mean, 35.4 months) after catheter removal in seven patients. Five of six strictures in the biliary tree that developed after surgery were successfully dilated, with long-term follow-up available in two patients (58 and 42 months). A patient with an inflammatory common bile duct stricture that was successfully dilated was followed up for 18 months. Percutaneous dilation of biliary tract strictures is a promising technique with good long-term results and may be the initial treatment of choice in biliary stricture management.     

Linking bisphosphonates to the free amino groups in fluoroquinolones: preparation of osteotropic prodrugs for the prevention of osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is an infection located in bone and a notoriously difficult disease to manage, requiring frequent and heavy doses of systemically administered antibiotics. Targeting antibiotics to the bone after systemic administration may provide both greater efficacy of treatment and less frequent administration. By taking advantage of the affinity of the bisphosphonate group for bone mineral, we have prepared a set of 13 bisphosphonated antibacterial prodrugs based on eight different linkers tethered to the free amino functionality on fluoroquinolone antibiotics. While all but one of the prodrugs were shown in vitro to be effective and rapid bone binders (over 90% in 1 h), only eight of them demonstrated the capacity to significantly regenerate the parent drug. In a rat model of the disease, a selected group of agents demonstrated their ability to prevent osteomyelitis when used in circumstances under which the parent drug had already been cleared and is thus inactive.