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101.
Histamine, an inflammatory mediator in its own right, may also be a marker for a more widespread systemic inflammatory process. In this study we have examined variations in plasma histamine concentrations produced during the course of cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass, the relationship between these variations and intra-operative events. By assays of serum tryptase and CD-63 expression we have also attempted to identify the source of histamine. Histamine concentrations that were significantly raised from baseline level were demonstrated. These were elevated from the time of aortic cross-clamping and continued to be raised for 24 h postoperatively (p < 0.00625). This was associated with an increase in CD-63 expression (p < 0.025) (but not an increase in tryptase concentration) following aortic cross-clamping and protamine administration, suggesting that basophils are the source of histamine. 41% of patients had arrhythmias in the post bypass period. The rise in histamine levels was not related to the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. 相似文献
102.
Structure activity relationships of aristolochic acid analogues: toxicity in cultured renal epithelial cells 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
BACKGROUND: Aristolochia species are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic. Recent studies showed that aristolochic acid (AA) could induce acute renal failure and tubular lesions in several species and available evidences demonstrate the unequivocal role of AA in so called Chinese herbs nephropathy. METHODS: A series of AA derivatives isolated from Aristolochia spp. were analyzed for their nephrotoxic potential using the neutral red dye exclusion assay in cultures of LLC-PK(1) cells. The structural relationships between AA I and its analogues were compared with their cytotoxic effects to predict structural determinants for AA toxicity. Further, caspase-3 assay was performed on toxic compounds to determine if caspases, the enzymes that play a critical role in apoptosis are involved in AA-induced cytotoxicity. RESULTS: AA I was found to be most toxic followed by AA II, AA VIIIa, and AA Ia in decreasing levels of toxicity. The other compounds, nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acid analogues of AA I, aristolactams, and other derivatives did not exhibit considerable toxicity. The results showed significant relationships between cytotoxicity of AA compounds and the localization of functional groups in their structure. Analogues containing hydroxyl groups diminished cytotoxicity. The demethylated analogues of AA I are markedly less active. The negative impact on cytotoxicity was found on nitroreduction of AA I. AA induced caspase activation was also observed. CONCLUSION: These cytotoxic data suggest that the nitro and methoxy groups are critical determinants of nephrotoxicologic potency of AA. 相似文献
103.
Epistaxis is a common problem encountered in clinical practice. It is usually self-limiting and is usually controlled with conservative measures such as nasal compression or ice-packs. Occasionally nasal packing is required. It is rarely severe enough that surgical intervention is warranted. The following report illustrates a patient who presented to us with a rare cause of life-threatening epistaxis that is, a post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm who finally required surgical intervention to control the bleeding. 相似文献
104.
Shankar AV Sastry J Erande A Joshi A Suryawanshi N Phadke MA Bollinger RC 《The Journal of nutrition》2005,135(4):960-965
In 2003, India had over 5.1 million infected individuals living with HIV/AIDS. The percentage of all HIV cases attributed to perinatal transmission has been increasing steadily from 0.33% of total cases in 1999 to 2.80% in 2004. Recent statistics indicate that over 130,000 infants have been infected through this route. Despite recent advances in reducing in utero and interpartum transmission with the use of antiretrovirals, there is a critical need to make infant feeding safer. Current UNAIDS/WHO/UNICEF recommendations stress avoidance of all breast-feeding if replacement feeding fulfills the key requirements of being affordable, feasible, acceptable, sustainable, and safe. In this paper, we examine how the UNAIDS/WHO/UNICEF recommendations have been actualized within the context of an urban government hospital in India. The documented patterns of infant feeding by HIV-positive mothers in Pune, India, from 2000 to 2004, highlight the complexities of making an informed and healthy choice under suboptimal conditions. The data indicate that interpersonal variations in the key requirements greatly influence the optimal practice to minimize mortality risks. Moreover, local information on health outcomes is crucial to tailoring policy recommendations to save lives. We propose the development of a decision-making algorithm that includes factors affecting mother-to-infant transmission, including site-specific data on health risks to the mother and the child. Such an algorithm would allow identification of the healthiest feeding choice and would minimize the pitfalls of promoting homogeneous practices lacking site-specific evidence-based evaluation. 相似文献
105.
Padmanabhan?Ramsankar Rajesh?Sadanandan Mohammad?Haneefa?Abdul Rasheed Mankunnatthumadam?Narayanannampoothiri?Yoganathan Nampoothiri Karthikizhiyzm?Gopinathan?Dinakaran Padmanabhan?Balachandran?NairEmail author 《Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery》2005,21(1):24-28
Introduction In a low risk procedure like ASD closure Right Posterolateral thoracotomy approach aims at the cosmetic results as compared
to median sternotomy. This paper illustrates our approach for a standardised Right Posterolateral thoracotomy in ostium secundum
ASD repair and the analysis of the outcome.
Methods Right Posterolateral thoracotomy (RPLT) was offered as a cosmetic alternative for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure in children,
and selected adult patients below 30 years with lean body build. A retrospective study comparing these patients with median
sternotomy approach during the same period (2000–2003) was performed. Exclusion criteria included preoperative diagnosis of
complex ASD, obesity and chest wall deformity. Common variables were considered for analysis.
Results There were 96 patients (66 females and 30 males) with an average age of 13yrs (range 3 to 27 years) in RPLT group and 225
patients (95 females and 130 males) with average age of 36 years (range 2 to 46 years) in sternotomy group. Extra corporeal
time was 32 minutes (28 to 45) and aortic cross clamp time was 14 minutes (8 to 36) in RPLT while the values were 46 minutes
(37 to 90) and 22 minutes (18 to 36) in Median sternotomy approach. Blood loss in postoperative period was 160 ml (20 ml to
400 ml) in thoracotomy group compared to 210 ml (40ml to 600 ml) in sternotomy group. There was no mortality or recurrence
after repair of ASD during the follow-up. Significant postoperative morbidity was persisting pain and shoulder movement restriction
in 12 patients. The scar was cosmetic in RPLT.
Conclusion In selected patients with lean body build Right posterolateral thoracotomy is suitable for ostium secundum atrial septal defect
closure. The final appearance has definite cosmetic advantage over sternotomy.
Presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of IACTS, New Delhi, Feb., 2004. 相似文献
106.
107.
Kamat AA Younes PS Sayeeduddin M Wheeler TM Simpson JL Agoulnik AI 《Fertility and sterility》2004,82(6):1681-1683
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) are useful tools for studying protein expression in endometriosis. Tissue microarray analyses of immunohistochemical profiles of estrogen receptor-alpha and P receptor corroborate previously published results from the use of conventional immunohistochemistry, thus validating TMA use in endometriosis. 相似文献
108.
109.
Fairbrother G Jain A Park HL Massoudi MS Haidery A Gray BH 《Journal of health care for the poor and underserved》2004,15(1):30-41
There is concern that churning in Medicaid excludes children from the accountability system for managed care because they may not meet the one-year continuous enrollment requirement. This study explores the effect of churning in measuring childhood immunization coverage rates under the current accountability system. Data were collected from administrative databases at the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services and 12 states with high Medicaid managed care penetration. On average in the 12 states only 39% of the children enrolled in one specific managed care plan met the continuous enrollment requirement. However, Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services data showed that 78% of children were enrolled in Medicaid (but not the same plan) continuously for 12 months. Both plan-specific rates and overall Medicaid rates varied greatly across the states. Policies that result in churning mean that many vulnerable children fall outside of the accountability structure intended to assure that they receive necessary services. 相似文献
110.