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71.
The treatment of infections caused by obligate or facultative intracellular microorganisms is difficult because most of the available antibiotics have either poor intracellular diffusion and retention or reduced activity at the acidic pH of the lysosomes. The need for antibiotics with greater intracellular efficacy led to the development of endocytosable drug carriers, such as liposomes and nanoparticles, which mimic the entry path of the bacteria by penetrating the cells into phagosomes or lysosomes. This Review assesses the potential of liposomes and nanoparticles in the targeted antibiotic therapy of intracellular bacterial infections and diseases and the pharmaceutical advantages and limitations of these submicron delivery systems. 相似文献
72.
73.
Jean E. de La Coussaye Bruno P. Bassoul Bernard Albat Pascale A. Peray Jean-Pierre Gagnol Jean-Jacques Eledjam Antoine Sassine 《Journal canadien d'anesthésie》1992,39(2):192-197
The intravascular injection of a large dose of bupivacaine induces electrophysiological cardiac impairment, mainly by slowing ventricular conduction velocity, and haemodynamic depression, by a decrease in myocardial contractility. When cardiotoxicity occurs, succinylcholine rapidly stops convulsions. However, the possible interactions between bupivacaine and succinylcholine on cardiac electrophysiology and haemodynamic status have never been investigated. Thus, we used an experimental electrophysiological model involving closed-chest dogs. Three groups (n = 6) of pentobarbital-anaesthetized dogs were given 0.2 mg.kg-1 atropine iv. Dogs in Group 1 were given saline. The others received 4 mg.kg-1 bupivacaine iv over ten seconds. Dogs in Group 2 were then given saline and those in Group 3 were then given 2 mg.kg-1 succinylcholine iv from one to two minutes after the administration of bupivacaine. The following electrophysiological variables were measured: heart rate represented by RR interval (RR), PR, atria-His (AH), and His-ventricle (HV) intervals, QRS duration, and QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc). The following haemodynamic variables were measured: mean aortic pressure (MAoP), the peak of the first derivative of left ventricular pressure (LV dP/dt max), and LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Comparison between Groups 1 and 2 showed that bupivacaine induced more than 100% HV interval lengthening and QRS widening (P less than 0.01), prolonged QTc interval by more than 25% (P less than 0.01), and decreased LV dP/dt max by more than 50% (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
74.
Vermeiren R de Clippele A Deboutte D 《European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience》2000,250(3):133-138
Clinicians working with young delinquents are concerned with finding methods to predict recidivism in these subjects. It
has not been investigated yet to what extent psychiatric assessment can be of any help in this field.
In this study, we investigated whether psychiatric assessment can help to predict recidivism in already delinquent adolescents.
By means of semi-structured psychiatric assessment (Child Assessment Schedule), developmental interview of the parents and
self-report instruments, we assessed the psychiatric status of 72 delinquent adolescents, adjudicated before the Juvenile
Court of Antwerp (Belgium). A follow-up of criminal status after eight months was conducted.
Self-report questionnaires by the subjects did not differentiate recidivists from non-recidivists, while parent questionnaires
did. Through a semi-structured interview, we found that a diagnosis of conduct disorder significantly predicts recidivism,
while subjects with ADHD and substance abuse show a tendency towards more recidivism. We were unable, however, due to the
small number of subjects showing a psychiatric disorder (e. g. ADHA and PTSD) unrelated to conduct disorder, to assess the
relative contribution of these disorders to the recidivism rate.
This study found that psychiatric assessment of delinquent adolescents could be of help in predicting recidivism. The necessity
of gathering information from parents and teachers is demonstrated. Future research should include a more extensive group
of a delinquent adolescent and should focus on the effect of therapeutic interventions.
Received: 29 June 1999 / Accepted: 1 February 2000 相似文献
75.
76.
Merviel P Mergui JL Sananes S Antoine JM Salat-Baroux J Uzan S 《Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)》2000,29(23):1302-1310
UTERINE DISORDERS: Because they can prevent implantation, anomalies within the uterine cavity play an important role in fertility. The uterine disorders most often observed during hysteroscopy and implicated in infertility are adhesions, septa, polyps, submucous myomas, adenomyosis, endometritis, anomalies of the cervical canal, and lesions of the uterotubal junction. EXPLORATIONS: Hysterosalpingography can be used to evaluate tubal permeability but provides inadequate information about the uterine cavity (numerous false-positives and false-negatives). Pelvic ultrasound is especially helpful for diagnosing interstitial anomalies in the uterus. HYSTEROSCOPY: Diagnostic hysteroscopy also has a place in infertility investigations, for it allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity, the endometrial mucus (endometritis, adenomyosis), and the cervical canal. The examination is practiced on a out-patient basis, without anesthesia, using appropriate small-caliber instruments and irrigation with physiological saline. Surgical hysteroscopy is used to treat these anomalies. Patients receive general anesthesia. A high-frequency, low-voltage electric current is used, and glycine for irrigation. This procedure allows resection of submucous myomas and polyps and of septa and adhesions. Some groups use laser beams and irrigation by physiological saline for these treatments. Coagulation of a superficial focal spot of adenomyosis is not useful in infertility therapy. RESULTS: As assessed by the percentage of patients with each indication who subsequently became pregnant, the results of surgical hysteroscopy have been satisfactory: 62 per cent (%) of cases after myomectomy, 66% after section of uterine septa, and 61% after treatment of complicated adhesions. A new exploration of the uterine cavity will be necessary sometime after the surgery to verify the absence of any iatrogenic disorders (adhesions, myomatous fragments). 相似文献
77.
Gorham's vanishing bone disease is a rare disorder characterized by massive osteolysis. Its etiology is unknown. We report
the case of a 14-year-old girl with an unusually aggressive course and extensive involvement originating within the skull
base. To our knowledge this pattern has not been described previously. MR findings are discussed.
Received: 10 January 1996 Accepted: 3 July 1996 相似文献
78.
Arnal MA Mosoni L Boirie Y Houlier ML Morin L Verdier E Ritz P Antoine JM Prugnaud J Beaufrère B Mirand PP 《The Journal of nutrition》2000,130(7):1700-1704
This study was undertaken to determine whether a pulse protein feeding pattern was more efficient than a spread pattern to improve protein anabolism in young women as was already shown in elderly women. After a 15-d adaptive period [1.2 g protein/(kg fat-free mass. d)], 16 young women (age 26 +/- 1 y) were given a 14-d diet providing 1.7 g protein/(kg fat-free mass. d), using either a pulse pattern (protein consumed mainly in one meal, n = 8), or a spread pattern (spreading daily protein intake over four meals, n = 8). Nitrogen balance was determined at the end of both the 15-d adaptive and the 14-d experimental periods. Whole-body protein turnover was determined at the end of the 14-d experimental period using [(15)N]glycine as an oral tracer. Nitrogen balance was 17 +/- 5 mg N/(kg fat-free mass. d) during the adaptive period. It was higher during the experimental period, but not significantly different in the women fed the spread or the pulse patterns [59 +/- 12 and 36 +/- 8 mg N/(kg fat-free mass. d) respectively]. No significant effects of the protein feeding pattern were detected on either whole-body protein turnover [5.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 6.1 +/- 0.3 g protein/(kg fat-free mass. d) for spread and pulse pattern, respectively] or whole-body protein synthesis and protein breakdown. Thus, in young women, these protein feeding patterns did not have significantly different effects on protein retention. 相似文献
79.
Barbara Roa Pauloski Jerilyn A. Logemann Laura A. Colangelo Alfred W. Rademaker Fred M. S. McConnel Mary Anne Heiser Salvatore Cardinale Donald Shedd David Stein Quinter Beery Eugene Myers Jan Lewin Marc Haxer Ramon Esclamado 《The Laryngoscope》1998,108(6):908-916
Postoperative speech function may be influenced by a number of treatment variables. The objective of this study was to examine the relationships among various treatment factors to determine the impact of these measures on speech function. Speech function was tested prospectively in 142 patients with surgically treated oral and oropharyngeal cancer 3 months after treatment. Each patient's speech was recorded during a 6- to 7-minute conversation and while performing a standard articulation test, producing speech outcome measures of percent correct consonant phonemes and percent conversational understandability. Correlational analyses were used to determine the relationships among the speech outcome measures and 14 treatment parameters. Speech function was mildly to moderately negatively correlated with most surgical resection variables, indicating that larger amounts of tissue resected were associated with worse speech function. Overall measures of conversational understandability and percent correct consonant phonemes were related to extent of oral tongue resection, floor of mouth resection, soft palate resection, and total volume of tissue resected. These relationships varied depending on the method of surgical closure. Method of surgical reconstruction had a profound impact on postoperative speech function 3 months after treatment and was an important factor in determining how oral tongue resection influenced articulation and intelligibility. The combination of closure type, percent oral tongue resected, and percent soft palate resected had the strongest relationship with overall speech function for patients with surgically treated oral and oropharyngeal cancer 3 months after treatment. 相似文献
80.
Véronique Lenoir Marianne Beau Yon de Jonage-Canonico Marie-Hélène Perrin Antoine Martin Robert Scholler Bernard Kerdelhué 《Breast cancer research : BCR》2005,7(4):R470