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991.
992.
Anne S. Koponen Juha E. Peltonen Marja K. Päivinen Jyrki M. Aho Harriet J. Hägglund Arja L. Uusitalo Harri J. Lindholm Heikki O. Tikkanen 《European journal of applied physiology》2013,113(5):1181-1188
Blood O2 carrying capacity affects aerobic capacity (VO2max). Patients with type 1 diabetes have a risk for anaemia along with renal impairment, and they often have low VO2max. We investigated whether total haemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) and blood volume (BV) differ in men with type 1 diabetes (T1D, n = 12) presently without complications and in healthy men (CON, n = 23) (age-, anthropometry-, physical activity-matched), to seek an explanation for low VO2max. We determined tHb-mass, BV, haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), and VO2max in T1D and CON. With similar (mean ± SD) [Hb] (144 vs. 145 g l?1), T1D had lower tHb-mass (10.1 ± 1.4 vs. 11.0 ± 1.1 g kg?1, P < 0.05), BV (76.8 ± 9.5 vs. 83.5 ± 8.3 ml kg?1, P < 0.05) and VO2max (35.4 ± 4.8 vs. 44.9 ± 7.5 ml kg?1 min?1, P < 0.001) than CON. VO2max correlated with tHb-mass and BV both in T1D (r = 0.71, P < 0.01 and 0.67, P < 0.05, respectively) and CON (r = 0.54, P < 0.01 and 0.66, P < 0.001, respectively), but not with [Hb]. Linear regression slopes were shallower in T1D than CON both between VO2max and tHb-mass (2.4 and 3.6 ml kg?1 min?1 vs. g kg?1, respectively) and VO2max and BV (0.3 and 0.6 ml kg?1 min?1 vs. g kg?1, respectively), indicating that T1D were unable to reach similar VO2max than CON at a given tHb-mass and BV. In conclusion, low tHb-mass and BV partly explained low VO2max in T1D and may provide early and more sensitive markers of blood O2 carrying capacity than [Hb] alone. 相似文献
993.
Carsten Fehrmann Kerstin Jurk Anne Bertling Gabriela Seidel Wolfgang Fegeler Beate E. Kehrel Georg Peters Karsten Becker Christine Heilmann 《International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM》2013,303(5):230-238
Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species are increasingly coisolated from implant-associated polymicrobial infections creating an incremental health care problem. Synergistic effects between both genera seem to facilitate the formation of mixed S. aureus–Candida biofilms, which is thought to play a critical role in coinfections with these microorganisms. To identify and characterize S. aureus factors involved in the interaction with Candida species, we affinity-panned an S. aureus phage display library against Candida biofilms in the presence or absence of fibrinogen. Repeatedly isolated clones contained DNA fragments encoding portions of the S. aureus fibrinogen-binding proteins coagulase or Efb. The coagulase binds to prothrombin in a 1:1 ratio thereby inducing a conformational change and non-proteolytic activation of prothrombin, which in turn cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin. Efb has been known to inhibit opsonization. To study the role of coagulase and Efb in the S. aureus–Candida cross-kingdom interaction, we performed flow-cytometric phagocytosis assays. Preincubation with coagulase reduced the phagocytosis of Candida yeasts by granulocytes significantly and dose-dependently. By using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we demonstrated that the coagulase mediated the formation of fibrin surrounding the candidal cells. Furthermore, the addition of Efb significantly protected the yeasts against phagocytosis by granulocytes in a dose-dependent and saturable fashion. In conclusion, the inhibition of phagocytosis of Candida cells by coagulase and Efb via two distinct mechanisms suggests that S. aureus might be beneficial for Candida to persist as it helps Candida to circumvent the host immune system. 相似文献
994.
995.
Lutfiye Oksuz Celine Dupieux Anne Tristan Michele Bes Jerome Etienne Nezahat Gurler 《International journal of medical sciences》2013,10(12):1740-1745
Background: To characterize the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones present in Istanbul, 102 MRSA isolates collected during a 5-year period at the Istanbul Medical Faculty Hospital were characterized using microarray analysis and phenotypic resistance profiles.Methods: Resistance to methicillin was detected with a cefoxitin disk diffusion assay and confirmed with a MRSA-agar and MRSA detection kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by a disk diffusion assay and interpreted according to the 2012 guidelines of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society for Microbiology. Decreased susceptibility to glycopeptides was confirmed using the population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC) method. The presence of the mecA gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Bacterial DNA was extracted according to the manufacturer''s recommended protocol using commercial extraction kits. Strains were extensively characterized using the DNA microarray.Results: Isolates were grouped into six clonal complexes. The most frequently detected clone was the Vienna/Hungarian/Brazilian clone (ST239-MRSA-III), which accounted for 53.9% of the isolates. These isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics, particularly penicillin, tetracycline, rifampicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, erythromycin, lincomycin and fosfomycin. Furthermore, three isolates were detected by population analysis profile as heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA). The UK-EMRSA-15 clone (ST22-MRSA-IV PVL negative) was detected in 9.8% of the isolates and was mainly susceptible to all anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. Seven isolates (6.9%) were positive for PVL genes and were assigned to the CC80-MRSA-IV clone (European CA-MRSA clone, three isolates), ST8-MRSA-IV clone (USA300 clone, two isolates, one ACME-positive) or ST22-MRSA-IV clone (“Regensburg EMRSA” clone, two isolates). All other clones were detected in one to six isolates and corresponded to well-known clones (e.g., Pediatric clone, Dublin EMRSA clone, WA MRSA-54/63, WA MRSA-1/57).Conclusions: This work highlighted both the high prevalence of ST239-MRSA-III clone and the large diversity of the other MRSA clones detected in a university hospital in Istanbul. 相似文献
996.
Carey Anne DeOliveira Dr Greg Moran David R Pederson 《Attachment & human development》2013,15(2):153-170
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between maternal representations of attachment, as assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, & Main, ), and mothers' thoughts and feelings about their own emotions and emotions emerging in their toddlers. Eighty-nine adolescent mothers completed the AAI and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, ) and Katz, Gottman, Shapiro, and Carrere's () meta-emotion interview for parents of toddlers. Autonomous mothers demonstrated the most open and flexible mindset around a variety of emotions in themselves and their toddlers. Dismissing mothers exhibited a tendency to minimize internalizing emotions in themselves and their children, while unresolved mothers described the most emotion regulatory difficulties. 相似文献
997.
Angela Fagerlin Michael Pignone Purva Abhyankar Nananda Col Deb Feldman-Stewart Teresa Gavaruzzi Jennifer Kryworuchko Carrie A Levin Arwen H Pieterse Valerie Reyna Anne Stiggelbout Laura D Scherer Celia Wills Holly O Witteman 《BMC medical informatics and decision making》2013,13(Z2):S8
Background
Consensus guidelines have recommended that decision aids include a process for helping patients clarify their values. We sought to examine the theoretical and empirical evidence related to the use of values clarification methods in patient decision aids.Methods
Building on the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) Collaboration’s 2005 review of values clarification methods in decision aids, we convened a multi-disciplinary expert group to examine key definitions, decision-making process theories, and empirical evidence about the effects of values clarification methods in decision aids. To summarize the current state of theory and evidence about the role of values clarification methods in decision aids, we undertook a process of evidence review and summary.Results
Values clarification methods (VCMs) are best defined as methods to help patients think about the desirability of options or attributes of options within a specific decision context, in order to identify which option he/she prefers. Several decision making process theories were identified that can inform the design of values clarification methods, but no single “best” practice for how such methods should be constructed was determined. Our evidence review found that existing VCMs were used for a variety of different decisions, rarely referenced underlying theory for their design, but generally were well described in regard to their development process. Listing the pros and cons of a decision was the most common method used. The 13 trials that compared decision support with or without VCMs reached mixed results: some found that VCMs improved some decision-making processes, while others found no effect.Conclusions
Values clarification methods may improve decision-making processes and potentially more distal outcomes. However, the small number of evaluations of VCMs and, where evaluations exist, the heterogeneity in outcome measures makes it difficult to determine their overall effectiveness or the specific characteristics that increase effectiveness.998.
ObjectiveTo examine the effect of oral dextrose gel and oral feedings on newborns’ blood sugar homeostasis in the first day of life in an effort to decrease transfers to the NICU.DesignEvidence-based practice project.Setting/Local ProblemObstetric service at a large hospital in northeast Ohio with approximately 5,300 births annually. Neonates who experienced hypoglycemia were often transferred to the NICU for management if treatment measures failed, thereby increasing the cost of care and separating mothers from their newborns. During 2018, there were 54 neonates transferred to the NICU for hypoglycemia.ParticipantsPediatricians, neonatologists, neonatal nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, managers, educators, and registered nurses.Intervention/MeasurementsAn interdisciplinary task force created a nurse-driven protocol and associated order set and also created and provided interdisciplinary education to all involved caregivers using a multimodal approach. Neonates’ charts were audited for the time period of April 2019 to April 2020 to evaluate participants’ compliance with the prescribed practice changes.ResultsThe number of neonates who qualified for blood glucose testing per the new protocol totaled 1,369. Of these, 188 (14%) met criteria for and were treated with 40% dextrose gel. Treatment with 40% dextrose gel was unsuccessful for 25 neonates, who were then transferred to the NICU. This is 29 fewer than were transferred in 2018.ConclusionThe use of oral dextrose gel and oral feedings was associated with a decrease in the number of newborns transferred to a higher level of care for treatment of hypoglycemia. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Susanne Krämer James Lucas Francisca Gamboa Miguel Peñarrocha Diago David Peñarrocha Oltra Marcelo Guzmán-Letelier Sanchit Paul Gustavo Molina Lorena Sepúlveda Ignacio Araya Rubén Soto Carolina Arriagada Anne W Lucky Jemima E Mellerio Roger Cornwall Fatimah Alsayer Reinhard Schilke Mark Adam Antal Fernanda Castrillón Camila Paredes Maria Concepción Serrano Victoria Clark 《Special care in dentistry》2020,40(Z1):3-81