黄芩苷和牛血清白蛋白双缓释制剂的制备及释药性能检测

目的:将黄芩苷和牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)载入壳聚糖温敏凝胶,构建双缓释体系,检测凝胶对药物的体外释放情况。方法:采用乳化缩聚法制备黄芩苷-明胶微球(gelatin microspheres,GMS);用不同配比的壳聚糖溶液和β-甘油磷酸钠(β-glycerophosphate,β-GP)溶液制备壳聚糖温敏凝胶,观察在37℃的成胶情况,选择最佳配比;在此基础上,将不同浓度的黄芩苷-GMS与BSA共混于壳聚糖凝胶溶液,测定载药后的成胶情况及黄芩苷和BSA的体外释放情况。结果:成功制备了黄芩苷-GMS,载药率5.62%,包封率72.05%;1.8%壳聚糖溶液与9%的β-GP混合10min后可获得状态良好的凝胶;加载两种药物后的凝胶溶液相转变时间未发生改变;30d时低浓度组累积释放了63.79%,两个较高浓度组分别释放了74.86%、77.63%。结论:壳聚糖温敏凝胶可以同时负载黄芩苷-GMS和BSA两种药物,在室温下呈溶液状态,37℃下经过10min可转变成半固体凝胶,在体外释药可达30d。黄芩苷和牛血清白蛋白双缓释制剂的制备和释药性能检测为牙周组织修复再生药物的研制提供了基础。     

Abbe瓣联合开放路径鼻整形法矫正双侧唇裂术后继发畸形的临床应用

目的探讨Abbe瓣转移联合开放路径鼻整形术矫正双侧唇裂术后继发唇、鼻畸形的手术方式。方法应用Abbe瓣联合开放路径鼻整形术矫正双侧唇裂术后继发畸形5例。手术分两期施行,Ⅰ期行鼻整形及Abbe瓣转移术,Ⅱ期行Abbe瓣断蒂术。结果所有患者随访8～12月,仅1例红唇缘不齐需再次手术修整,其余唇、鼻畸形均明显改善。结论对于严重的双侧唇裂术后继发唇、鼻畸形的患者,应用Abbe瓣转移矫正上唇畸形及开放路径鼻整形术矫正鼻畸形,是一种可行、有效的术式。     

Current concepts and techniques in pterygium treatment

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pterygium is a common ocular disorder in many parts of the world. At present, there is a wide variety of surgical methods but very few clinical guidelines on the optimal treatment of primary or recurrent pterygium. The purpose of this review is to summarize the more recent and relevant studies on pterygium treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: The primary aim is to excise the pterygium and prevent its recurrence. As bare sclera excision is associated with a high recurrence rate, pterygium excision is often combined with conjunctival autograft, mitomycin C, beta-irradiation or other adjunctive therapies to reduce recurrence rates. There is currently, however, no consensus regarding the ideal treatment for the disease. Comparability between studies is also hampered by the various definitions of pterygium recurrence. SUMMARY: This article reviews the current concepts and techniques used for the treatment of pterygium. Conjunctival autografting and mitomycin C application are the most commonly used methods for preventing recurrences. The use of mitomycin C and beta-irradiation should be used judiciously because of the potential long-term risk of sight-threatening complications. Additional clinical trials should be performed to evaluate the relative efficacies and long-term safety of the various treatment modalities.     

广东省社区美沙酮维持治疗门诊现状分析与政策建议

本文基于广东省45个社区美沙酮维持治疗门诊及其中所有工作人员的定量调查数据,发现投入不足,治疗可及性有待提高和专业人员素质偏低,管理制度不健全是美沙酮维持门诊存在的主要问题。提出增加投入,开展绩效评价,逐步提供免费治疗;设立流动门诊,增加服务时间以提高治疗可及性;增加培训、提高收入、增设专业资格以吸引高素质专业人员;完善管理制度等四个建议,为社区美沙酮维持治疗的持续发展提供参考。     

Skin infection by Mycobacterium marinum – diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

The number of skin infections caused by atypical mycobacteria has increased in recent decades. They usually appear after contact with wounds and interruptions in the integrity of the skin. The present report describes a case of cutaneous infection by Mycobacterium marinum, in a young, immunocompetent patient, with a prolonged evolution, diagnosed through a skin lesion culture (from a spindle biopsy of the skin). The patient was treated with multidrug therapy, including clarithromycin, doxycycline, and rifampicin, due to the lesion extent, with satisfactory results. A brief review of the literature is also provided.     

Comparison of sonographic inferior vena cava and aorta indexes during fluid administered in children

Objectives

This prospective, observational study evaluated changes in ultrasound measurements of the inferior vena caval index (IVCI), the aorta diameter/IVC diameter index (Ao/IVCD), and the aorta area/IVC area index (Ao/IVCA) during fluid administration in children requiring intravenous fluid administration.

Ancestral contribution of the muscle-specific creatine kinase (CKM) polymorphism rs4884 in the knee osteoarthritis risk: a preliminary study

Clinical Rheumatology - Articular cartilage and periarticular muscle tissues are strongly affected during knee osteoarthritis (OA). Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme expressed in several tissues,...     

Alternative complement pathway activation in thrombotic microangiopathy associated with lupus nephritis

Clinical Rheumatology - Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare manifestation associated with activation of the complement system. This study aimed to compare...     

Monitoring and management of hyperglycemia in patients with advanced diabetic kidney disease

Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, and uncontrolled hyperglycemia is directly related to the increased mortality in this setting. As kidney function decreases, it becomes more challenging to control blood glucose since the risk of hypoglycemia increases. Decreased appetite, changes in glycaemia homeostasis, along with reduced renal excretion of anti-hyperglycemic drugs tend to facilitate the occurrence of hypoglycemia, despite the paradoxical occurrence of insulin resistance in advanced kidney disease. Thus, in patients using insulin and/or oral anti-hyperglycemic agents, dynamic adjustments with drug dose reduction or drug switching are often necessary. Furthermore, in addition to consider these pharmacokinetics alterations, it is of utmost importance to choose drugs with proven cardio-renal benefits in this setting, such as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists. In this review, we summarize the indications and contraindications, titration of doses and side effects of the available anti-hyperglycemic agents in the presence of advanced diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and dialysis, highlighting the risks and benefits of the different agents. Additionally, basic renal function assessment and monitoring of glycemic control in DKD will be evaluated in order to guide the use of drugs and define the glycemic targets to be achieved.