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991.
Studying the neurobiology of social interaction with transcranial direct current stimulation--the example of punishing unfairness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Knoch D Nitsche MA Fischbacher U Eisenegger C Pascual-Leone A Fehr E 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》2008,18(9):1987-1990
Studying social behavior often requires the simultaneous interaction of many subjects. As yet, however, no painless, noninvasive brain stimulation tool existed that allowed the simultaneous affection of brain processes in many interacting subjects. Here we show that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can overcome these limits. We apply right prefrontal cathodal tDCS and show that subjects' propensity to punish unfair behavior is reduced significantly. 相似文献
992.
Large cystic abdominal masses can represent a diagnostic dilemma despite advanced diagnostic and imaging techniques. We report a case of a large cystic mass initially managed as a giant ureteropelvic junction obstruction, but ultimately found to be a congenital splenic cyst. Focus is placed on the diagnostic evaluation of large cystic abdominal masses. 相似文献
993.
994.
Galardo AK Arruda M D'Almeida Couto AA Wirtz R Lounibos LP Zimmerman RH 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》2007,76(3):461-469
Vector incrimination studies were conducted from April 2003 to February 2005 at three riverine villages 1.5 km to 7.0 km apart, along the Matapi River, Amapa State, Brazil. A total of 113,117 mosquitoes were collected and placed in pools of 相似文献
995.
996.
The formation of gallstones in a urethral diverticulum is a rare clinical entity and is usually seen in males. The case of a 50 year old woman is presented, who consults for hard vaginal mass and dispareunia associated with repeated urinary infections, with radiological images and an interesting photoendoscopic vision of the upper dome of the gallstone. The diverticulum was approached via vaginal way and the local extraction was successful. 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
Schwartz GJ Kwong T Erway B Warady B Sokoll L Hellerstein S Dharnidharka V Furth S Muñoz A 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》2009,24(1):113-119
The purpose of this study was to validate serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations assayed in the Central Biochemistry Laboratory
of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study utilizing an enzymatic assay
(Siemens Advia 2400) against a method traceable to reference isotope dilution mass spectroscopy (IDMS) developed by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measured SCr after external validation
utilizing IDMS-based standard reference materials. Sera from the first 201 subjects enrolled in CKiD were analyzed and compared
for creatinine concentration by enzymatic and HPLC methods. Fifty “normal” pediatric sera were subsequently analyzed. Finally,
a “pediatric” reference standard was prepared and examined for accuracy and precision. Enzymatic SCr concentrations (median
1.4 mg/dl) of CKiD subjects were well correlated with HPLC (r = 0.984) but were slightly higher (+7%; p < 0.001). Agreement was poorer at lower SCr (median 0.4 mg/dl) when using samples from normal children and the “pediatric”
reference standard. However, the Roche enzymatic assay was comparable with HPLC in accuracy and precision. Referring physicians
should be aware of the accuracy and reproducibility of their laboratory’s SCr assay. Our enzymatic assay agreed well with
HPLC in CKiD subjects with elevated SCr. We suggest that NIST develop a pediatric SCr standard reference material for use
by assay manufacturers to improve accuracy and precision of assays at the low SCr levels observed in most pediatric patients. 相似文献
1000.
Despite research indicating that effective parenting plays an important protective role in adolescent risk behaviors, few
studies have applied theory to examine this link with marijuana use, especially with national data. In the current study (N = 2,141), we hypothesized that parental knowledge (of adolescent activities and whereabouts) and parental warmth are antecedents
of adolescents’ marijuana beliefs—attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control—as posited by the Theory of
Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen 1991). These three types of beliefs were hypothesized to predict marijuana intention, which in turn was hypothesized to predict
marijuana consumption. Results of confirmatory factor analyses corroborated the psychometric properties of the two-factor
parenting structure as well as the five-factor structure of the TPB. Further, the proposed integrative predictive framework,
estimated with a latent structural equation model, was largely supported. Parental knowledge inversely predicted pro-marijuana
attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; parental warmth inversely predicted pro-marijuana attitudes
and subjective norms, ps < .001. Marijuana intention (p < .001), but not perceived behavioral control, predicted marijuana use 1 year later. In households with high parental knowledge,
parental warmth also was perceived to be high (r = .54, p < .001). Owing to the analysis of nationally representative data, results are generalizable to the United States population
of adolescents 12–18 years of age. 相似文献