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101.
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Studies on the relationships between sensitivity to cold, dry air, hyperosmolal solutions, and histamine in the adult nose 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A Togias K Lykens A Kagey-Sobotka P A Eggleston D Proud L M Lichtenstein R M Naclerio 《The American review of respiratory disease》1990,141(6):1428-1433
We have previously reported that elevated osmolality of nasal secretions is linked to the rhinitic reaction to cold and dry air (CDA) that results in inflammatory mediator release and that nasal challenge with hyperosmolal solutions can induce histamine release in randomly selected individuals. These findings led to a comparison of the effect of nasal challenge with hypertonic fluid in 11 subjects who demonstrated a nasal response to CDA compared to 10 subjects without CDA sensitivity. All volunteers were challenged with isosmolal (300 mosmol/kg H2O) and hyperosmolal (800 mosmol/kg H2O) mannitol solutions. Their response was evaluated by symptom scores and quantification of histamine in nasal lavages. CDA responders differed significantly from non-responders in terms of both the total amount and the concentration of histamine in the lavage following hyperosmolal challenge (p less than 0.04 and p less than 0.02, respectively). In addition, CDA responders reported a higher change from baseline for nasal congestion, pruritus, and lacrimation following hyperosmolal challenge, but the scores for rhinorrhea, the volume of the returned nasal lavage fluid following hyperosmolal challenge, and the capacity to reduce the osmolality of the administered hyperosmolal fluid did not differ. Allergic status was not a factor in hyperosmolal reactivity. To investigate possible differences in nonspecific nasal mucosal sensitivity that could account for these findings, all subjects underwent provocation with five increasing doses of histamine, from 0.01 to 1 mg. No significant difference between CDA responders and nonresponders in symptomatology or in the induction of vascular permeability, as assessed by TAME-esterase activity in nasal fluids, could be demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Scichilone N Callari A Augugliaro G Marchese M Togias A Bellia V 《Respiratory medicine》2011,105(5):651-658
Aging is associated with modifications of the immune system, defined as immunosenescence. This could contribute to a reduced prevalence of allergic disease in the elderly population. In this regard, atopy has rarely been considered in the clinical assessment of the geriatric respiratory patient. This article is a review of the available literature assessing the impact of age on atopy. In the majority of papers, we found a lower prevalence of atopy in the most advanced ages, both in healthy subjects and in individuals affected by allergic respiratory diseases. Unfortunately, no large, longitudinal studies performed in the general population have been conducted to further explore this observation. Although available data seem to favor the decline of allergen sensitization with age, the prevalence of allergic sensitizations in the elderly population with respiratory symptoms is substantial enough to warrant evaluation of the atopic condition. From a clinical perspective, allergic reactions in older adults can have the same or even worse manifestations compared to young people. For this reasons, the evaluation of the atopic condition also in the geriatric patient is recommended. Thus, the role of atopy as it pertains to the diagnosis, therapy (adoption of preventive measure such as removal of environmental allergen or immunotherapy), and prognosis (influence on morbidity and mortality) of chronic respiratory illnesses in the elderly is addressed. 相似文献
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Yiannis Athanasiou Konstantinos Voskarides Daniel P. Gale Loukas Damianou Charalambos Patsias Michalis Zavros Patrick H. Maxwell H. Terence Cook Panayiota Demosthenous Andreas Hadjisavvas Kyriacos Kyriacou Ioanna Zouvani Alkis Pierides Constantinos Deltas 《Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology》2011,6(6):1436-1446