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501.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disorder characterized by cartilage loss. Its prevalence is high, and it is a major cause of disability. The cause of OA is not known; however, current evidence indicates that it is multifactorial. Major risk factors for osteoarthritis are age, female sex, obesity, geographic factors, occupational knee-bending, physical labour, genetic factors and race, joint trauma, vitamin D deficiency, and chondrocalcinosis. Osteoarthritis causes joint pain, stiffness, and limitation of joint function. Knee involvement is the commonest presentation of this disease all over the world. Given the absence of a curative treatment, it is important to treat osteoarthritis as effectively as possible using a multidisciplinary approach tailored to the patient's needs. This article reviews current thinking on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, lifestyle, genetic epidemiology, and management of osteoarthritis in developing countries. 相似文献
502.
A paradigm shift of candidiasis from Candida albicans to non‐albicans Candida species has fundamentally increased with the advent of C. auris. C. auris, despite being a newly emerged multidrug‐resistant fungal pathogen, is associated with severe invasive infections and outbreaks with high mortality rates. Initially reported from Japan in 2009, C. auris have now been found in different countries on all the continents except Antarctica. Due to its capability of nosocomial transmission and forming adherent biofilms on clinically important substrates, a high number of related hospital outbreaks have been reported worldwide. As C. auris is a multidrug‐resistant pathogen and is prone to misidentification by available conventional methods, it becomes difficult to detect and manage C. auris infection and also limits the therapeutic options against this deadly pathogen. The emergence of multidrug‐resistant C. auris advocates and amplifies the vigilance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of fungal infections. In this review, we discussed the nine‐year‐old history of C. auris—its trends in global emergence, epidemiological relatedness, isolation, mortality, associated risk factors, virulence factors, drug resistance and susceptibility testing, diagnostic challenges, microbiological characteristics, therapeutic options and infection prevention and control associated with this pathogen. 相似文献
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504.
Joy K. Adewusi Marios Hadjivassiliou Ana Vinagre-Aragón Karen Ruth O’Connor Aijaz Khan Richard Adam Grünewald Panagiotis Zis 《Acta neurologica Belgica》2018,118(3):445-450
Background
Neuropathic symptoms are commonly reported in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but robust data on the epidemiology of such symptoms are lacking. The present study sought to investigate the prevalence and determinants of peripheral sensory neuropathic symptoms (PSNS) in idiopathic PD (IPD) and ascertain the effects of such symptoms on the patients’ quality of life (QoL).Methods
Patients with IPD and age-matched and gender-matched controls were screened for neuropathic symptoms using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. The impact of neuropathic symptoms on QoL was investigated using the 36-Item Short Form Survey.Results
Fifty-two patients and 52 age-matched and gender-matched controls were recruited. PSNS were reported more frequently in patients with IPD than in the control subjects (57.7 versus 28.8%, p?=?0.003). No significant relationships were found between PD-related clinical characteristics (i.e. disease severity and duration, duration of exposure to levodopa) and the presence of PSNS. Significant correlations were found between the number of PSNS and physical functioning (Spearman’s Rho ??0.351), even after adjusting for age, gender and Hoehn and Yahr score.Conclusion
Our results support the notion of a greater prevalence of PSNS in IPD patients as compared to the general population, which, at least in part, may be secondary to large and/or small fibre peripheral neuropathy. This warrants further investigation in larger studies that include detailed neurophysiological assessments.505.
We studied the trends in liver cancer-related mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quarterly age-standardized mortality and quarterly percentage change (QPC) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) were estimated using the US national mortality database 2017–2021. Quarterly age-standardized mortality from HCC decreased steadily with an average QPC of −0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.6% to −0.2%). A decrease in hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus-related HCC mortality of −2.2% (95% CI: −2.4% to −1.9%) and −1.1% (95% CI: −2.0% to −0.3%) was noted. In contrast, mortality for HCC from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (3.0%, 95% CI: 2.0%–4.0%) and alcohol-related liver disease (1.3%, 95% CI: 0.8%–1.9%) demonstrated a linear increase. There was a linear increase in the quarterly age-standardized ICC-related mortality (0.8%, 95% CI: 0.5%–1.0%). While ICC-related mortality continued to increase, HCC-related mortality tended to decline mainly due to a decline in mortality due to viral hepatitis. 相似文献
506.
Zobair M. Younossi Ming-Lung Yu Yusuf Yilmaz Khalid Aida Alswat Maria Buti Marlen Ivon Castellanos Fernandez Georgios Papatheodoridis Saeed S. Hamid Mohamed El-Kassas Wah Kheong Chan Ajay K. Duseja Stuart C. Gordon Yuichiro Eguchi Vasily A. Isakov Stuart K. Roberts Jian-Gao Fan Ashwani K. Singal Manuel Romero-Gómez Aijaz Ahmed Janus Ong Brian P. Lam Issah Younossi Fatema Nader Andrei Racila Maria Stepanova Saleh Alqahtani 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2023,30(4):335-344
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is one of the most common causes of cirrhosis and liver cancer worldwide. Our aim was to assess clinical and patient-reported outcome (PRO) profile of CHB patients from different regions of the world using the Global Liver Registry. The CHB patients seen in real-world practices are being enrolled in the Global Liver Registry. Clinical and PRO (FACIT-F, CLDQ, WPAI) data were collected and compared to baseline data from CHB controls from clinical trials. The study included 1818 HBV subjects (48 ± 13 years, 58% male, 14% advanced fibrosis, 7% cirrhosis) from 15 countries in 6/7 Global Burden of Disease super-regions. The rates of advanced fibrosis varied (3–24%). The lowest PRO scores across multiple domains were in HBV subjects from the Middle East/North Africa (MENA), the highest – Southeast/East and South Asia. Subjects with advanced fibrosis had PRO impairment in 3 CLDQ domains, Activity of WPAI (p < 0.05). HBV subjects with superimposed fatty liver had more PRO impairments. In multivariate analysis adjusted for location, predictors of PRO impairment in CHB included female sex, advanced fibrosis, and non-hepatic comorbidities (p < 0.05). In comparison to Global Liver Registry patients, 242 controls from clinical trials had better PRO scores (Abdominal, Emotional, and Systemic scores of CLDQ, all domains of WPAI) (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis with adjustment for location and clinicodemographic parameters, the associations of PROs with the enrollment setting (real-life Global Liver Registry vs. clinical trials) were no longer significant (all p > 0.10). The clinico-demographic portrait of CHB patients varies across regions of the world and enrollment settings. Advanced fibrosis and non-hepatic comorbidities are independently associated with PRO impairment in CHB patients. 相似文献
507.