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Afonso Miguel Cavaco Anette Aaland Krookas 《International journal of clinical pharmacy》2014,36(2):325-335
Background One key indicator of the quality of health practitioners–patient interaction is the encounters’ duration. Automation have been presented as beneficial to pharmacy staff work with patients and thus with a potential impact on pharmacists’ and technicians’ job satisfaction. Objective To compare the interaction length between pharmacy staff and patients, as well as their job satisfaction, in community pharmacies with and without automation. Setting Portuguese community pharmacies with and without automation. Methods This cross-sectional study followed a quasi-experimental design, divided in two phases. In the first, paired community pharmacies with and without automation were purposively selected for a non-participant overt observation. The second phase comprised a job satisfaction questionnaire of both pharmacists and technical staff. Practitioners and patients demographic and interactional data, as well as job satisfaction, were statistically compared across automation. Main outcome measure Interaction length and job satisfaction. Results Sixty-eight practitioners from 10 automated and non-automated pharmacies produced 721 registered interaction episodes. Automation had no significant influence in interaction duration, controlling for gender and professional categories, being significantly longer with older patients (p = 0.017). On average, staff working at the pharmacy counter had 45 % of free time from direct patient contact. The mean overall satisfaction in this sample was 5.52 (SD = 0.98) out of a maximum score of seven, with no significant differences with automation as well as between professional categories, only with a significant lower job satisfaction for younger pharmacists. Conclusion As with previous studies in other settings, duration of the interactions was not influenced by pharmacy automation, as well as practitioners’ job satisfaction, while practitioners’ time constrains seem to be a subjective perception. 相似文献
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Livia Picchi COMAR Beatriz Martines de SOUZA Larissa Tercilia GRIZZO Marília Afonso Rabelo BUZALAF Ana Carolina MAGALH?ES 《Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB》2014,22(2):138-143
Fluoride varnishes play an important role in the prevention of dental caries,
promoting the inhibition of demineralization and the increase of
remineralization.
Objective
This study aimed to analyze the amount of fluoride released into water and artificial saliva from experimental TiF4 and NaF varnishes, with different concentrations, for 12 h.Material and Methods
Fluoride varnishes were applied on acrylic blocks and then immersed in 10 ml of deionized water and artificial saliva in polystyrene bottles. The acrylic blocks were divided in seven groups (n=10): 1.55% TiF4 varnish (0.95% F, pH 1.0); 3.10% TiF4 varnish (1.90% F, pH 1.0); 3.10% and 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45% F, pH 1.0); 2.10% NaF varnish (0.95% F, pH 5.0); 4.20% NaF varnish (1.90% F, pH 5.0); 5.42% NaF varnish (2.45% F, pH 5.0) and control (no treatment, n=5). The fluoride release was analyzed after 1/2, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h of exposure. The analysis was performed using an ion-specific electrode coupled to a potentiometer. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni''s test were applied for the statistical analysis (p<0.05).Results
TiF4 varnishes released larger amounts of fluoride than NaF varnishes during the first 1/2 h, regardless of their concentration; 4% TiF4 varnish released more fluoride than NaF varnishes for the first 6 h. The peak of fluoride release occurred at 3 h. There was a better dose-response relationship among the varnishes exposed to water than to artificial saliva.Conclusions
The 3.10% and 4% TiF4 -based varnishes have greater ability to release fluoride into water and artificial saliva compared to NaF varnish; however, more studies must be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of TiF4 varnish on tooth surface. 相似文献97.
Leslie Caroll CASAS-APAYCO Vanessa Manzini DREIBI Ana Carolina HIPóLITO Márcia Sirlene Zardin GRAEFF Daniela RIOS Ana Carolina MAGALH?ES Marília Afonso Rabelo BUZALAF Linda WANG 《Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB》2014,22(5):434-441
Objective
This study aimed to assess the impact of in vitro erosion provoked by different cola-based drinks (Coke types), associated or not with toothbrushing, to bonding to enamel.Material and Methods
Fifty-six bovine enamel specimens were prepared and randomly assigned into seven groups (N=8): C- Control (neither eroded nor abraded), ERO-RC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Regular Coke (RC), ERO-LC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Light Coke (LC), ERO-ZC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Zero Coke (ZC) and three other eroded groups, subsequently abraded for 1-minute toothbrushing (EROAB-RC, EROAB-LC and EROAB-ZC, respectively). After challenges, they were stored overnight in artificial saliva for a total of 24 hours and restored with Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350. Buildup coronal surfaces were cut in 1 mm2 -specimens and subjected to a microtensile test. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). Failure modes were assessed by optical microscopy (X40). The interface of the restorations were observed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM).Results
All tested cola-based drinks significantly reduced the bond strength, which was also observed in the analyses of interfaces. Toothbrushing did not have any impact on the bond strength. CLSM showed that except for Zero Coke, all eroded specimens resulted in irregular hybrid layer formation.Conclusions
All cola-based drinks reduced the bond strength. Different patterns of hybrid layers were obtained revealing their impact, except for ZC. 相似文献98.
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C Amaro I Freitas P Lamarão A Afonso M Skrzypczak W Heinritz 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2010,24(7):844-846
Background Trichoepitheliomas are benign neoplasms with follicular differentiation. They may present as a solitary lesion or as multiple lesions. Multiple trichoepitheliomas are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern within families, with both variable penetrance and expressivity. Recent investigations support that mutations in CYLD, the gene affected in familial cylindromatosis as well as in Brooke–Spiegler syndrome, are also responsible for multiple trichoepitheliomas. Objective The authors report the case of a 9‐year‐old African girl with multiple facial trichoepitheliomas in whom a mutation in the CYLD gene was hypothesised. Materials and methods After genomic DNA extraction from the peripheral blood, a molecular analysis of the CYLD gene was performed by PCR, DHPLC and automated sequencing. Results A novel heterozygous mutation in exon 18 of the CYLD gene (c.2449delT) was identified, with a deletion of one nucleotide resulting in a premature translational termination codon at amino acid position 831 on the affected allele (p.Cys817Valfs X15). Conclusions The predominating tumours define the classification of these three entities. Nevertheless, studies suggest that they can simply represent phenotypic variations of the same disease spectrum, sharing common genetic mutations. 相似文献
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MRI at 7 Tesla has been used to investigate the accumulation of manganese in the occipital cortex of common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) after administering four fractionated injections of 30 mg/kg MnCl2 · 4H2O in the tail vein. We found a statistically significant decrease in T1 in the primary (V1) and secondary (V2) areas of the visual cortex caused by an accumulation of manganese. The larger T1 shortening in V1 (ΔT1 = 640 ms) relative to V2 (ΔT1 = 490 ms) allowed us to robustly detect the V1/V2 border in vivo using heavily T1‐weighted MRI. Furthermore, the dorso‐medial (DM) and middle‐temporal (MT) areas of the visual pathway could be identified by their T1‐weighted enhancement. We showed by comparison to histological sections stained for cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity that the extent of V1 is accurately identified throughout the visual cortex by manganese‐enhanced MRI (MEMRI). This provides a means of visualizing functional cortical regions in vivo and could be used in longitudinal studies of phenomena such as cortical plasticity, and for non‐destructive localization of cortical regions to guide in the implementation of functional techniques. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献