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21.
Risha Ganguly Ashutosh Gupta Abhay K Pandey 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2022,28(26):3047-3062
Baicalin is a natural bioactive compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, which is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. A literature survey demonstrated the broad spectrum of health benefits of baicalin such as antio xidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, renal protective, and neuroprotective properties. Baicalin is hydrolyzed to its metabolite baicalein by the action of gut microbiota, which is further recon verted to baicalin via phase 2 metabolism in the liver. Many studies have suggested that baicalin exhibits therapeutic potential against several types of hepatic disorders including hepatic fibrosis, xenobiotic-induced liver injury, fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, cholestasis, ulcerative colitis, hepatocellular and colorectal cancer. During in vitro and in vivo examinations, it has been observed that baicalin showed a protective role against liver and gut-associated abno rmalities by modifying several signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B, transforming growth factor beta 1/SMAD3, sirtuin 1, p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase/Janus kinase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinaseβ/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase pathways. Furthermore, baicalin also regulates the expression of fibrotic genes such as smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, β-catenin, and inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1β, and attenuates the production of apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-9 and B-cell lymphoma 2. However, due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability, widespread therapeutic applications of baicalin still remain a challenge. This review summarized the hepatic and gastrointestinal protective attributes of baicalin with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interaction of baicalin with the gut microbiota. 相似文献
22.
Ashish Kumar Jha Gaurav Kumar Vishwa Mohan Dayal Abhay Ranjan Arya Suchismita 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2021,27(18):2090-2104
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of repeated waterborne outbreaks of acute hepatitis. Recently, several extrahepatic manifestations (EHMs) have been described in patients with HEV infection. Of these, neurological disorders are the most common EHM associated with HEV. The involvement of both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system can occur together or in isolation. Patients can present with normal liver function tests, which can often be misleading for physicians. There is a paucity of data on HEV-related neurological manifestations; and these data are mostly described as case reports and case series. In this review, we analyzed data of 163 reported cases of HEV-related neurological disorders. The mechanisms of pathogenesis, clinico-demographic profile, and outcomes of the HEV-related neurological disorders are described in this article. Nerve root and plexus disorder were found to be the most commonly reported disease, followed by meningoencephalitis. 相似文献
23.
Anticoagulation in the elderly 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This review will address the general approach to the management of the typical elderly patient requiring anticoagulation. Most of the data has been derived from studies of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Data from postmyocardial infarction trials have also been included. A practical clinical approach to anticoagulation in the elderly is described. Emphasis has been placed on maximizing the benefit and reducing the risk of anticoagulation in the rapidly expanding group of elderly patients aged ≥75 who are at the greatest risk of stroke and are likely to benefit the most from antithrombotic therapy. 相似文献
24.
Single alveolar walls subjected to length-tension studies in saline and Bicine (0.2 M) undergo a progressive decay in tissue tension (TTD). We have examined the effect of different solutions on this TTD and looked for corresponding changes in the ultrastructure. Lung parenchyma was dissected to single alveolar walls (30 X 30 X 150 microns) in phosphate-buffered saline (0.15 M). Transferred to a length-tension bath, the tissue was immersed in Bicine, saline, fortified Hank's solution, 0.25% Alcian blue in saline, or a sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, for variable periods. Cycled through a given extension with peak force measured over time, these same tissues were fixed in buffered glutaraldehyde/tannic acid and processed for electron microscopy. Single alveolar walls immersed in saline or Bicine showed a progressive TTD. Vacuoles or spaces appeared in the interstitium which with cellular disorganization progressed with the TTD. Seen within 0.3 h, the changes were well advanced at 0.6 h. In sodium dodecyl sulfate (70 mM), however, there was no TTD and structurally there was no interstitium, with only basement membranes and fibrous proteins remaining. In fortified Hank's solution or 0.25% Alcian blue the interstitial matrix, cell morphology and tissue tension were well preserved for 1 h. This study suggest that leaching of the interstitial matrix occurs in saline or Bicine, and an intact matrix is essential for the preservation of tissue tension. 相似文献
25.
Elvis Cami Travis Tagami Gilbert Raff Michael J. Gallagher Austin Fan Adam Hafeez Stacy J. Willner Priscilla Sigua Arce Julie George Abhay Bilolikar Kavitha Chinnaiyan Robert D. Safian 《Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography》2021,15(2):114-120
BackgroundValues of fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) decline from the ostium to the terminal vessel, irrespective of stenosis severity. The purpose of this study is to determine if the site of measurement of FFRCT impacts assessment of ischemia and its diagnostic performance relative to invasive FFR (FFRINV).Methods1484 patients underwent FFRCT; 1910 vessels were stratified by stenosis severity (normal; <25%, 25–50%, 50–70%, and >70% stenosis). The rates of positive FFRCT (≤0.8) were determined by measuring FFRCT from the terminal vessel and from distal-to-the-lesion. Reclassification rates from positive to negative FFRCT were calculated. Diagnostic performance of FFRCT relative to FFRINV was evaluated in 182 vessels using linear regression, Bland Altman analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsPositive FFRCT was identified in 24.9% of vessels using terminal vessel FFRCT and 10.1% using FFRCT distal-to-the-lesion (p ?< ?0.001). FFRCT obtained distal-to-the-lesion resulted in reclassification of 59.6% of positive terminal FFRCT to negative FFRCT. Relative to FFRINV, there were improvements in specificity (50% to 86%, p ?< ?0.001), diagnostic accuracy (65% to 88%, p ?< ?0.001), positive predictive value (50% to 78%, p ?< ?0.001), and area-under-the-curve (AUC, 0.83 to 0.91, p ?< ?0.001) when FFRCT was measured distal-to-the-lesion.ConclusionFFRCT values from the terminal vessel should not be used to assess lesion-specific ischemia due to high rates of false positive results. FFRCT measured distal-to-the-lesion improves the diagnostic performance of FFRCT relative to FFRINV, ensures that FFRCT values are due to lesion-specific ischemia, and could reduce the rate of unnecessary invasive procedures. 相似文献
26.
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - To compare the intraoperative utility of bur and saw and to examine the pattern of lingual split during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of mandible. This study... 相似文献
27.
28.
Douglas A. Luke Bobbi J. Carothers Amar Dhand Ryan A. Bell Sarah Moreland‐Russell Cathy C. Sarli Bradley A. Evanoff 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2015,8(2):143-149
The importance of transdisciplinary collaboration is growing, though not much is known about how to measure collaboration patterns. The purpose of this paper is to present multiple ways of mapping and evaluating the growth of cross‐disciplinary partnerships over time. Social network analysis was used to examine the impact of a Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) on collaboration patterns. Grant submissions from 2007 through 2010 and publications from 2007 through 2011 of Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences (ICTS) members were examined. A Cohort Model examining the first‐year ICTS members demonstrated an overall increase in collaborations on grants and publications, as well as an increase in cross‐discipline collaboration as compared to within‐discipline. A Growth Model that included additional members over time demonstrated the same pattern for grant submissions, but a decrease in cross‐discipline collaboration as compared to within‐discipline collaboration for publications. ICTS members generally became more cross‐disciplinary in their collaborations during the CTSA. The exception of publications for the Growth Model may be due to the time lag between funding and publication, as well as pressure for younger scientists to publish in their own fields. Network analysis serves as a valuable tool for evaluating changes in scientific collaboration. 相似文献
29.
Enver Turan Yavuz Ye?ilova Hacer Altun Sürücü Nurittin Ardic Nebiye Doni Mustafa Aksoy Abdullah Yesilova Steve Oghumu Sanjay Varikuti Abhay R. Satoskar 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》2015,93(3):559-563
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant public health problem with increasing incidence, especially in extreme circumstances. In this study, we compared the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 685 Syrian CL patients afflicted by the Syrian conflict and 685 Turkish CL patients in 2012. Patient age, gender, duration of disease, lesion size, type, and localization were evaluated. The duration of CL disease in Syrian CL patients (4.5 ± 4.3 weeks) was shorter than that of Turkish CL patients (11.9 ± 9.7 weeks). The number of lesions was greater in Syrian patients (2.46 ± 2.43) than in Turkish patients (1.93 ± 1.47). Lesion sizes were comparable between both groups (Syrian, 11.2 ± 8.7 mm; Turkish, 10.7 ± 7.7 mm). In Syrian CL patients, nodular type lesions were the most common (325 patients, 49.1%), whereas, in Turkish CL patients, ulcer type lesions were the most common (352 patients, 51.5%). Our results indicate variations in the clinicoepidemiological features of CL between Turkish and Syrian patients within Sanliurfa province. This highlights the impact of social unrest and environmental conditions on the epidemiology of CL within this region. Approaches to prevention, control, and treatment of CL in these areas should take into consideration the emerging changes in clinicoepidemiological parameters of the disease. 相似文献
30.
Chandrakant M. Bokade Abhishek D. Madhura Abhay S. Bagul Subhash B. Thakre 《Nigerian medical journal》2015,56(4):287-291