Fractures in the maxillofacial region: A four year retrospective study

Introduction: The incidence of maxillofacial injuries is on the rise due to motor vehicle accidents and increased incidence of violence in recent times. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence, aetiology, the pattern of fractures, their management with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and complications, if any.     

Setting and meeting priorities in Indigenous health research in Australia and its application in the Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal Health

Priority setting is about making decisions. Key issues faced during priority setting processes include identifying who makes these decisions, who sets the criteria, and who benefits. The paper reviews the literature and history around priority setting in research, particularly in Aboriginal health research. We explore these issues through a case study of the Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal Health (CRCAH)'s experience in setting and meeting priorities.     

Evaluation of Posterior Capsular Opacification following Phacoemulsification,Extracapsular and Small Incision Cataract Surgery

Background

Posterior capsular opacification is the most common complication of modern cataract surgery.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted on 150 patients (150 eyes) out of which 50 eyes each underwent cataract surgery by extracapsular cataract extraction, small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification technique. On postoperative follow up posterior capsular opacification and Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminium Garnet laser capsulotomy rate was evaluated.

Result

Posterior capsular opacification rate was significantly less (p=0.03) in eyes which had undergone phacoemulsification as compared to extracapsular cataract extraction. However capsulotomy rate was not statistically significant after comparison of the three surgical techniques of cataract surgery.

Conclusion

Posterior capsular opacification following cataract surgery can be minimized by the use of small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification.Key Words: Posterior capsular opacification, Capsulorrhexis, Hydrodissection     

Study of single donor platelet (SDP) preparation by Baxter CS 3000 plus and Haemonetics MCS plus

Background : In plateletpheresis blood is withdrawn from a donor in anticoagulant solution and separated into components. Platelets are retained and the remaining components are returned to the individual.     

Study of Single Donor Platelet (SDP) Preparation by Baxter CS 3000 plus and Haemonetics MCS plus

Background

In plateletpheresis blood is withdrawn from a donor in anticoagulant solution and separated into components. Platelets are retained and the remaining components are returned to the individual.

Methods

The present study was aimed to compare the platelet yield and collection efficiency of Baxter CS 3000 plus and Haemonetics MCS plus cell separators and to study adverse donor reactions. Donors were selected as per the set criteria for single donor platelet (SDP) preparation. Donors'' samples for pre donation and post donation platelet count were collected in EDTA and for product counts in the sample pouch attached with apheresis kits. The results were obtained by haematology analyzer. Platelet yield and collection efficiency were calculated.

Result

Results were tabulated for both the cell separators and analyzed. Platelet yield was marginally better with Baxter CS 3000 plus but collection efficiency was better with the Haemonetics MCS plus. Residual white cells were more in single donor platelet concentrate preparation by MCS plus. Adverse donor reactions were similar with both cell separators, in form of mild citrate toxicity and mild to moderate pain at phlebotomy site.

Conclusion

Findings of the present study along with other factors such as less priming time for kit, portability of cell separator, better patient comfort owing to single arm venous access and lesser cost suggest that Haemonetics MCS plus is a better choice as compared to Baxter CS 3000 plus cell separator.Key Words: Plateletpheresis, Single donor platelet (SDP)     

青海省达日县棘球蚴病流行病学调查

目的 分析青海省果洛藏族自治州达日县棘球蚴病的流行分布现状,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。 方法 于2007年8～9月对达日县6个乡各2～3个自然村的3周岁以上常驻牧民分别用B超、间接红细胞凝集试验（IHA）和间接ELISA法（重组Ag B和Em 18抗原）检查两型棘球蚴病患病和感染情况。并调查当地啮齿类动物、牦牛、绵羊和野犬的感染情况,对采集的棘球绦虫和棘球蚴用PCR-RFLP方法进行虫种鉴定,并确定其基因型。收集牧民的家犬粪便,用双抗体夹心法检测粪抗原阳性率。 结果 共调查牧民1 723人,B超查出棘球蚴病患者236例（占13.7%）,其中囊型和泡型棘球蚴病患病率分别为5.5%（95/1 723）和8.2%（141/1 723）。男、女性棘球蚴病患病率分别为11.6%和16.0%（χ ²=7.0,P＜0.05）。家犬粪抗原阳性率为11.3%（31/275）。剖检9只无主犬,其中5只棘球绦虫感染阳性,对检获的虫体经PCR-RFLP鉴定,1只犬感染细粒棘球绦虫,基因型为G1,4只犬感染多房棘球绦虫。牦牛、绵羊的细粒棘球蚴感染率分别为26.4%（14/53）和5/16,对从牦牛、绵羊检获的细粒棘球蚴经PCR-RFLP鉴定,基因型均为G1。捕获高原鼠兔239只,石渠棘球绦虫感染率为11.3%（27/239）。 结论 达日县存在细粒棘球绦虫、多房棘球绦虫和石渠棘球绦虫的分布,泡型和囊型棘球蚴病在人群中严重流行,犬是细粒棘球绦虫和多房棘球绦虫主要传染源。     

Comparative study of blood cross matching using conventional tube and gel method

Background: Conventionally tube method is used for compatibility and cross matching in transfusion medicine.