The athletic heart syndrome

The cardiovascular system adapts to exercise. With conditioning, the heart modifies its physiologic and morphologic structure. When those changes occur in athletes seeking clearance for sports participation, they comprise the athletic heart syndrome. With detraining, many of those modifications normalize, which is a diagnostic feature of the athletic heart syndrome. It is important for practitioners who care for athletes to be cognizant of those adaptations and to differentiate them from pathologic changes that may warrant restriction from sports participation or place the athlete at risk for sudden cardiac death.     

Understanding and Treating Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition

<正>Quadriceps muscle weakness and dysfunction are common consequences of knee joint injury or effusion.[1-7] Deficits in quadriceps muscle function have been reported following various knee joint pathologies including anterior     

Designing an intervention: therapeutic showering in labor

Therapeutic showering is a nonpharmacologic comfort measure used during labor but is not tested empirically. The purpose of this article was to report the systematic development of therapeutic showering during labor using best available evidence so that nurses in practice and research can further test and refine this nursing intervention.