匹罗卡品致(癎)大鼠海马中表达生长抑素的中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

感觉神经束膜炎的临床研究进展

本文综合分析国外文献已报道的２１例感觉神经束膜炎患者的病因、可能的发病机制、临床表现、病理特征、诊断依据、鉴别诊断、治疗方案及疗效，介绍感觉神经束膜炎的临床研究进展。     

颞叶癫痫大鼠海马内谷氨酸脱羧酶蛋白表达的动态变化及其意义

目的:观察大鼠颞叶癫痫发生后海马谷氨酸脱羧酶(glutamicaciddecar-boxylase,GAD)亚型GAD67蛋白的动态变化,探讨其意义和可能机制。方法:112只雄性SD大鼠随机分为实验组(n=70)与对照组(n=42),实验组大鼠选用海人酸腹腔注射法建立颞叶癫痫模型,对照组大鼠腹腔注射无菌生理盐水。选取腹腔注射后3,6,12,24,48h,7,30d为研究的时间点,颞叶海马的CA1区、CA3区、齿状回为研究部位。腹腔给药后每天观察大鼠的行为学变化,大鼠处死前进行脑电图描记。免疫组织化学法检测GAD67蛋白的表达。结果:海人酸致痫后6h实验组大鼠海马齿状回、CA3,CA1区的GAD67蛋白表达分别为0.60±0.02,0.61±0.02,0.58±0.02,致痫后24h分别为0.33±0.03,0.32±0.03,0.31±0.02,均较对照组(0.23±0.02,0.21±0.02,0.20±0.02)增高(P<0.05或0.01),6h时增高显著。结论:颞叶癫痫大鼠海马GAD67蛋白表达的增高是癫痫发生后机体的内源性抗痫机制之一。     

匹罗卡品致痫大鼠的海马PV中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

目的探讨PV(parvalbumin,微清蛋白)中间神经元在颞叶癫痫的发生和痫性损伤后脑组织的自我修复中的作用。方法建立匹罗卡品致痫模型。免疫组化方法检测各时间点海马不同区域PV中间神经元的数目变化及其轴突出芽情况;结合FJB(Fluoro-Jade B)行免疫荧光双标特异性检测SE(status epilepticus,癫痫持续状态)后60 d海马不同区域PV中间神经元及其轴树突的变性情况。结果实验组海马门区及CA区域PV阳性神经元数目在SE后早期均无明显变化(P>0.05)。门区PV神经元在SE后15 d时数目下降(对照组17.1±2.67,实验组15.0±3.06,P<0.05),在SE后60 d明显下降(对照组16.6±2.75,实验组9.7±2.88,P<0.01)。海马CA1区PV中间神经元数目在SE后60 d明显增多(对照组4.1±0.86,实验组6.0±1.18,P<0.01),可见相应增多的PV阳性纤维。海马CA3区PV阳性神经元数目在SE后60d明显增多(对照组4.6±0.89,实验组6.1±1.64,P<0.01),并可见相应增多的PV阳性纤维。各亚区均未见明显亦被FJB标记的PV中间神...     

渗透泵强化对流释放给药治疗恶性脑胶质瘤的裸小鼠模型

目的 探寻渗透泵强化对流释放给药治疗脑肿瘤的裸小鼠模型,为新药的临床前期应用提供良好的实验动物模型.方法 14只裸小鼠基底节区种植4×105个人胶质瘤U87细胞,并安置渗透泵强化对流释放给药系统.裸小鼠按体重和活体荧光信号强度分为二组:治疗组(n=7)的泵内注入1 00μl(1μg)的DTATEGF,对照组(n=7)泵内注入100μl(1 μg)的无关毒素DT.观察动物的生长特征,Kaplan- Meier生存曲线分析和脑内肿瘤的病理学特征.结果 实验动物没有与渗透泵及外科手术相关的病残和病死发生.动物对渗透泵给药系统耐受好,无抓搔及渗透泵脱位,伤口无感染及裂开等情况.Kaplan - Meier生存曲线显示治疗组动物的中位生存期较对照组明显延长,差异有显著性.(治疗组126天vs.对照组68天,P =0.0002).治疗组中有两只小鼠生存期超过180天.病理学检测裸小鼠脑内种植生长的肿瘤与人类胶质母细胞瘤的病理特征极为相似.结论 该裸小鼠实验动物模型简便、实用、可靠,适用于新的药物包括单克隆抗体、靶向小分子、肿瘤疫苗等通过强化对流投递治疗脑内恶性肿瘤的临床前期应用.     

护理风险管理在外科中的应用研究

目的 探讨护理风险管理(RM)在外科中的临床应用效果.方法 选择2012-1013年我院外科患者80例设为观察组,选择2011-1012年外科患者80例设为对照组,对照组接受的为传统的常规护理管理,观察组则接受护理风险管理,评估护理风险管理效果.结果 观察组护理综合评分及病历书写评分、患者满意度明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组护理差错、纠纷发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 护理风险管理在外科中的临床应用效果确切,值得应用.     

匹罗卡品致(癎)大鼠海马中表达生长抑素的中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

枫香脂鲜料干燥方式的研究

目的:研究并选定枫香脂鲜料的干燥方式。方法:对枫香脂鲜料分别采用60℃烘干法、阴干法、冷冻干燥法、加辅料分散干燥法、蒸馏干燥法5种方法进行干燥,基于水蒸气蒸馏-气质联用(SD-GC-MS)技术,比较不同干燥方法制备样品中挥发性成分的差异,结合《中华人民共和国药典》2015年版标准中对枫香脂质量标准的要求,对不同干燥方法制备的样品质量进行评价。结果:蒸馏干燥样品中挥发性成分种类最多;不同干燥方法制备的样品挥发性成分组成存在较大差异,蒸馏干燥方法样品符合《中华人民共和国药典》2015年版质量标准要求。结论:提示蒸馏干燥方法工艺稳定,易于大生产,值得深入研究和进一步推广。     

隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床治疗及疗效附12例分析

目的:回顾性分析12例隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床资料、治疗及预后。方法:动态观察12例隐球菌性脑膜炎患者的临床表现,使用二性霉素B、氟康唑、氟胞嘧啶及鞘注二性霉素B的临床疗效及转归,以及药物的不良反应和处理措施。结果:患者均取得良好的疗效,均治愈。二性霉素B的总量在2．36～10．5g,其不良反应多、严重。结论:使用二性霉素B静滴及鞘注,联合氟康唑和／或氟胞嘧啶效果确切,使用二性霉素B须个体化,加强对症支持疗法是成功不可缺少的重要措施。     

11例颅内静脉血栓形成的临床诊断及治疗转归分析

目的 总结分析颅内静脉血栓形成的临床表现、影像学特征及治疗方法,为该疾病的诊断和治疗提供参考. 方法 对自2002年至2007年湘雅医院神经内科收治的11例颅内静脉血栓形成患者的临床表现、实验室资料、影像学特征、治疗经过及预后进行回顾性分析. 结果 10例患者临床表现为非特异性的头痛,其次为呕吐、肢体偏瘫、脑膜刺激征、抽搐等.确诊前有2例曾分别诊断为脑出血、蛛网膜下腔出血.11例患者均行头颅CT和(或)MRI,8例行MRV检查,1例行DSA,明确诊断为静脉血栓形成者10例.所有患者均行降颅压治疗,10例患者进行抗凝/抗血小板治疗,9例好转,1例加重,1例死亡. 结论 颅内静脉血栓形成l临床表现缺乏特异性,误诊率高,确诊有赖于影像学检查,早期抗凝治疗是一种安全有效的方法.