枢椎前路椎弓根螺钉固定通道的安全因素分析

目的 探讨枢椎前路椎弓根螺钉通道的安全性和可行性,为经前路枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定提供理论依据.方法 对32具干燥枢椎标本行前路椎弓根螺钉置入,测量枢椎前路椎弓根螺钉的钉道长度.行加密薄层螺旋CT扫描和重建,然后在重建后的横断面和矢状面图像上运用软件测量枢椎前路椎弓根螺钉的外倾角度及尾倾角度.结果 枢椎椎弓根螺钉均位于椎弓根内.枢椎前路椎弓根螺钉的进钉点选择在枢椎椎体与上关节突之间凹陷的顶点,螺钉长度为(28.4±2.5)mm,外倾角度为(28.5±2.3)°,尾倾角度为(15.5±2.0)°.结论 枢椎前路椎弓根螺钉不仅具有可行性,而且可以避开横突孔、椎动脉沟、椎管等重要解剖结构,安全空间较大.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate feasibility and safety of anterior pedicle screw fixation tunnel in the axis so as to provide theoretic evidence for further clinical application.Methods Thirty-two dry axis specimens were used for anterior pedicle screw placement,and the length of pedicle crews tunnel was measured by a digital caliper.The extraversion angle and the downslope angle were determined by CT cross-sectional scanning and reconstruction.Results All the anterior pedicle screws were positioned well,with no perforation of the pedicle.The anchoring point was at the vertex between the vertebral body and the superior articular process,with axis pedicle length of(28.4 ± 2.5)mm,the extraversion angle of (28.5 ±2.3)°and the downslope angle of(15.5 ±2.0)°.Conclusions Anterior pedicle screw fixation tunnel is feasible in the axis and can keep away from some important anatomy structures including transverse foramen,vertebral artery groove and vertebral canal to provide large safety space.     

退变性脊柱畸形长节段固定术后发生近端交界性后凸的相关争论研究进展

<正>退变性脊柱畸形(degenerative spinal deformity,DSD)是指既往无脊柱畸形病史,骨骼发育成熟后,随着脊柱不对称性退变性改变,逐渐发展为冠状面/矢状面畸形的脊柱畸形^[1],以腰椎畸形多见,其常伴有腰椎侧方滑移、腰椎椎管狭窄及冠状面/矢状面失平衡等。由于人类预期寿命的延长和人口老龄化的加剧,退变性脊柱畸形正逐渐成为成人脊柱畸形(adult spinal deformity,ASD)中最常见的类型[2]。当患者保守治疗疗效不佳时,常需手术长节段固定恢复脊柱冠状面/矢状面平衡、解除神经压迫等症状,     

皮瓣和肌皮瓣一期修复创伤性软组织缺损

皮瓣移植是修复创伤性软组织缺损最有效的方法。采用带血管蒂的皮瓣移植或吻合血管的皮瓣移植术,可以一期修复多种复杂创伤创面,缩短疗程,减轻患者的经济负担,并有利于功能恢复。笔者自1990～1998年间,共行带血管蒂皮瓣移植术56例,吻合血管皮瓣移植24例,均一期修复创伤性组织缺损,获得良好效果。1　材料与方法1.1　病例资料　本组80例,男62例,女18例,年龄12～52岁。移植皮瓣类型:桡动脉皮瓣10例,尺动脉皮瓣12例,腹股沟皮瓣16例,膝内侧皮瓣5例,小腿内侧皮瓣6例,腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣5例,背阔肌肌皮瓣4例,胸大肌肌皮瓣2例,足背皮瓣6例,下腹部皮…     

下颈椎经关节螺钉联合侧块或椎弓根螺钉固定的效果

Objective To discuss the effect of transarticular screws combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws through posterior approach in the lower cervical spine. Methods From February 2003 to October 2007, 22 patients were treated using transarticular screws internal fixation combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws in Axis plating system and Vertex system. There were cervical fracture and dislocation in 13 patients, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 4, cervical canal stenosis associated with dentoid process fracture in 1, and cervical disc herniation associated with cervical stenosis in 4 patients. Lamina or facet bone grafting were used to achieve a long-term stability, with decompression and anterior approach or not. The starting point for screw insertion was located 1 mm medial to the midpoint of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was 40° caudally in the sagittal plane and 20° laterally in the axial plane. Results All screws insertion was successful. A total of 45 transarticular screws were inserted, with 2 in C4,5, 39 in C5,6 and 4 in C6,7. A total of 12 lateral mass screws were inserted, with 6 in C3 and 6 in C4. A total of 41 pedicle screws were inserted, with 4 in C2, 2 in C3 and 6 in C4, 21 in C7 and 8 in T1. There was no complication related to screw insertion, such as injury to the vertebral artery, nerve roots or spine cord. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 3 years and 8 months (mean 17 months). All cases got bone fusion. Only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all pa-tients. In the follow-up period, only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion The combined use of transarticular screws and lateral mass screws or pedicle screws fixation in the lower cervical spine can enlarge the advantages of strong stability,relatively simple, and reduce operating risk when performed appropriately.     

颈椎手术中椎动脉损伤的研究进展

尽管椎动脉损伤在颈椎手术中并不常见,但后果十分严重,可能导致诸如假性动脉瘤、迟发性出血、血栓形成、栓塞、脑缺血等并发症,严重者可能导致死亡。颈椎手术中椎动脉损伤的发生率为0．14％,其中前路颈椎手术为0．18％,Smith等报道的前路手术中椎动脉损伤的发生率为0．3％～0．5％。     

前路减压融合术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的研究进展

<正>颈椎后纵韧带骨化症（ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL）是颈椎后纵韧带异常增生骨化导致椎管容积减小,进而引起脊髓损害和四肢功能障碍的一种疾病,后纵韧带骨化也是脊髓型颈椎病的重要致病因素。依据韧带骨化范围和形态分为4种类型：(1)连续型;(2)局灶型;(3)节段型;(4)混合型。对于保守治疗无效、影响正常生活工作的患者,手术是主要治疗方式。     

颈椎后路经关节内固定技术的最新进展

创伤、肿瘤及医源性骨性结构破坏等因素均可引起颈椎不稳,往往需要颈椎后路的固定和融合。颈椎后路经关节内固定技术包括经寰枕关节螺钉、经寰枢关节螺钉及下颈椎经关节内固定技术等。经寰枢关节螺钉固定已被广泛研究,而经寰枕关节螺钉和下颈椎经关节内固定技术至今未见广泛应用。     

“互联网+”在脆性骨折评估与居家康复管理中的应用进展

综述“互联网+”在脆性骨折风险评估、骨质疏松症诊断及脆性骨折居家康复锻炼、脆性骨折预防中的应用,以期为后续相关研究和临床应用提供参考。     

枢椎棘突螺钉固定的研究进展

<正>经关节螺钉、椎弓根螺钉、椎板螺钉和峡部螺钉固定技术是目前主要的枢椎后路内固定方法。Magerl经关节螺钉固定技术是寰枢固定的经典方法,但具有较高的手术风险[1～4]。椎弓根螺钉、椎板螺钉和峡部螺钉固定可以解决绝大部分临床问题[5～10],但对于一些解剖变异,如椎动脉高位骑跨畸形、椎弓根过细、椎板薄等特殊情况则可能无法应     

肩胛骨骨折的手术治疗

我院于2001年12月～2004年4月通过手术治疗肩胛骨骨折患者56例,取得满意疗效,现报告如下。