水厂原水与出厂水有机污染物的分析比较

目的 比较原水及出厂水的有机物种类。方法 采用GDX树脂富集，对G市两个水厂的原水及出厂水的有机污染进行色谱-质谱联机分析。结果 不样共分析鉴定出48个有机化合物，种类包括邻苯二甲酸酯、酚类、杂环、萜类及芳基化合物等。原水及出厂水中所含有机物的种类相似。自来水处理前、后所含的主要污染物均是邻苯二甲酸酯及酚类，环状化合物所占比例很大（85%-94%）。结论 出厂水仍含有多种与原水相同的有机物。     

核磷蛋白与恶性血液病

核磷蛋白（nucleophosmin，NPM）又名B23、N038、Numatrin，是一种多功能的核仁磷酸化蛋白，广泛表达于各组织细胞，穿梭于胞核与胞质参与核糖体的装配、前rRNA的加工剪切、DNA复制、中心体复制、细胞分裂等生命活动。近年来，对于其生物学功能的研究颇受关注。自从Stein首先报道了NPM-ALK基因是CD30^＋（ki-1）间变性大细胞淋巴瘤（ALCL）的典型特征后，NPM作为分子遗传标志物与疾病诊断、预后的关系越来越引起研究者的关注。1994年，Morris和Shiota克隆出NPM-ALK融合基因后，人们发现NPM变异对于肿瘤尤其是恶性血液病的发生、发展和预后起着重要的作用。     

小儿重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭的护理

肺炎是小儿常见病之一，重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭若不及时抢救、护理，常是患儿死亡的重要原因。护理质量的好坏直接关系到患儿安危。因此，积极有效地护理是抢救治疗本病的重要环节。     

慢性镉染毒及联合辐射对大鼠的基因毒性作用

目的 探讨慢性镉染毒及联合辐射对大鼠的基因毒性.方法 雄性SD大鼠分设空白对照组、0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1低剂量镉染毒组、0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1高剂量镉染毒组、单纯照射组、低剂量镉染毒+照射组和高剂量镉染毒+照射组.腹腔注射镉染毒连续8周,1次/d,然后给予2 Gy γ照射.于照射后第10天或受照即日后继续染镉4周,心脏取血,采用多核细胞法检测外周血淋巴细胞微核率和hprt基因突变率,同时检测外周血白细胞数量变化和血镉含量.结果 大鼠低剂量镉染毒8周和12周组未观察到外周血细胞损伤,而辐射诱导的微核率(F=26.74,P<0.01和F=14.13,P＜0.05)和hprt基因突变率(F=6.60,P＜0.05)显著降低;高剂量镉染毒8周和12周组与空白对照组比较,外周血白细胞数显著增高(F=8.74,P＜0.01和F=13.11,P=0.000),淋巴细胞微核率(F=26.74,P＜0.05和F=14.13,P=0.000)和hprt基因突变率(F=6.60,P＜0.05和F=12.83,P＜0.05)明显增加,而高剂量镉染毒+照射组的基因毒性又显著高于单纯高剂量镉染毒组或单纯照射组,表现出联合毒性效应.结论 慢性、低剂量镉染毒诱导外周血淋巴细胞对辐射产生适应性效应,血镉浓度增加到613～678 μg/L时能刺激白细胞显著增加并与辐射联合作用加重对淋巴细胞的基因毒性.

Abstract：

objective To investigate the effects of chronic cadmium exposure and cadmium exposure combined with γ-ray irradiation on the peripheral lymphocytes and their genotoxicity on hprt gene.Methods Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups:①normal control group,②lowdose cadmium exposure group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks,③high-dose cadmium exposure group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks,④pure irradiation group exposed to whole-body γ-ray irradiation at the dose of 2 Gy for one time,⑤low-dose cadmium exposure combined with irradiation group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks and then whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation,and ⑥high-dose cadmium exposure combined with whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks and then whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation.Ten days after the irradiation cardiac blood samples were collected from some of the rats to culture the peripheral lymphocytes to detect the micronucleus rate and hprt mutant frequency of lymphocytes bv multinucleated cell assay.The other rats underwent continuous Cd exposure for 4 weeks after γ-ray irradiation and then cardiac blood samples were collected to detect the micronucleus rate and hprt mutant frequencv of lymphocytes.Meanwhile,the amount of white blood cells(WBC)was counted and the blood cadmium concentration was measured by ICP-MS.Results The numbers of WBC in the peripheral blood at different time points of the high dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group(F=8.74.P<0.01 and F=13.11,P=0.000).The micronucleus rate at difierent time points of the pure irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the control group( F = 26. 74 ,P =0. 000 and F = 14. 13, P = 0. 000). The micronucleus rates of the high-dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the control group( F = 26. 74 ,P <0. 05 and F = 14. 13 ,P = 0. 000 ). The micronucleus rates of the low-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly lower than those of the pure irradiation group( F = 26. 74, P < 0. 01 and F = 14. 13, P < 0. 05 ). The micronucleus rates of the highdose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the pure irradiation group ( F =26.74,P =0. 000 and F = 14. 13 ,P =0. 000). The hprt mutation rates at different time points of the pure irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group( F = 6.60, P < 0. 01 and F = 12.83 ,P = 0. 001 ). The hprt mutation rates of the high-dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( F = 6. 60, P < 0. 05 and F = 12.83, P < 0.05 ), but not significantly different from those of the pure irradiation group. However, the hprt mutation rates of the high-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the pure irradiation ( F = 12. 83, P =0. 000) and high-dose cadmium group( F = 6.60,P < 0.05 and F = 12. 83, P < 0.05 ). The hprt mutation rates of the low-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly lower than those of the pure irradiation ( F = 6. 60, P < 0. 05 ) , but not significantly different from those of the control group. Conclusions Chronic exposure to low dose cadmium induces the adaptive response of lymphocytes to radiation. The cadmium in blood at the level of 613-678 μg/L induces leukocytosis and chronic exposure to high dose cadmium combined with irradiation leads to increased genotoxicity of lymphocytes.     

载锆改性沸石对水中氟的吸附性能及动态除氟效果

[目的]对沸石进行负载锆的改性,用于高氟水除氟,评价其除氟效果。[方法]用0.5mol/L的盐酸活化,10%氧氯化锆溶液对人造沸石进行改性,用模拟高氟水样进行静态吸附和动态除氟实验。[结果]动力学研究结果表明:吸附速度快,150min达到吸附平衡,吸附速率可用拟二级动力学方程描述。平衡吸附数据符合Langmuir吸附等温线,饱和吸附量为6.96mg/g,吸附平衡常数为0.548L/mg。动态除氟在pH5～7范围均有较好的除氟效果,穿透点前(出水氟浓度﹤1.0mg/L)的除氟容量在1.2～2.2mg/g,在pH=5时除氟最佳。水质硬度对动态除氟的影响不大。[结论]载锆改性沸石除氟容量大,除氟后的水质满足国家饮用水卫生标准对氟的要求(氟浓度﹤1.0mg/L)。     

集体运动激励在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者中的应用

目的探讨集体运动激励对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)稳定期患者焦虑和抑郁情绪及生活质量的影响。方法选取COPD稳定期患者93例,按照随机数字表法分为干预组47例和对照组46例。对照组行常规护理及运动疗法,干预组在此基础上实施集体运动激励方法。干预前和干预后12周采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(hamilton depression scale,HAMD)评定患者的焦虑和抑郁情绪;采用健康状况调查问卷(short form-36health survey,SF-36)评定患者的生活质量。结果干预后,干预组患者HAMA和HAMD评分低于对照组,SF-36评分高于对照组患者,两组比较,均P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论集体运动激励可有效地改善COPD稳定期患者的焦虑和抑郁情绪及生活质量。     

不纯泊松分布法在6 MV X射线局部照射剂量估算中的应用

目的从离体和活体两方面探索不纯泊松分布法估算6MV X射线局部受照射剂量和受照射份额的适用性。方法2、4Gy6MV X射线离体照射健康人外周血，受照射份额为20％、50％和80％模拟局部照射；选择2、3Gy6MV X射线局部放射治疗的肿瘤病人，观察首次放射治疗前、后24h外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变，采用不纯泊松分布法，估算受照射剂量和份额。结果2Gv离体照射50％、80％份额和4Gy照射20％、50％、80％份额的淋巴细胞双着丝粒 环(dic r)畸变呈过分散分布，受照射剂量和份额估算值与实际值基本吻合。单次2Gy盆腔照射、受照射局部红骨髓比例大于20％或3Gy全颅照射放射治疗病人的外周血淋巴细胞dic r畸变呈过分散分布，估算的受照射份额与受照射局部红骨髓比例相接近，较大剂量3Gy放疗时估算的受照射剂量较为准确。患者局部放射治疗后与放射治疗前离体模拟的实验结果都显示较好的一致性。结论采用不纯泊松分布法可以比较准确的估算离体和活体局部受照射剂量和份额，适用于照射剂量较高和照射份额不是太小的低LET射线，受照射局部红骨髓占全身的比例可大致反映局部照射的份额。     

低剂量S186对大鼠和犬体内锶的促排效果

低剂量Ｓ１８６对大鼠和犬体内的锶具有促排效果。大鼠静注８５＋８９Ｓｒ后，肌注不同剂量Ｓ１８６（２０，５０，１００，２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ），观察２ｄ内尿中８５＋８９Ｓｒ排出量和整体、骨骼中蓄积量。当Ｓ１８６剂量为５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时，大鼠尿中８５＋８９Ｓｒ排出量比对照组增加８５％，整体和骨骼中蓄积量显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｓ１８６伍用中－６（鸡内金），促排效果进一步提高。犬口服氯化锶５０ｍｇ，用药组于０．５ｈ后肌注Ｓ１８６０．５ｇ，２４ｈ后再次肌注０．５ｇ，分别收集各犬２４ｈ尿，共４ｄ，采用ＰＥ－３０３０原子吸收分光光度仪测定尿锶排出量，可见用药犬尿锶排出量比对照犬增加。     

白云山泉水水质情况调查

目的：了解广州市白云山景区泉水水质状况。方法：按照生活饮用水标准检验法GB5750—85和饮用天然矿泉水检验方法GB／T8538，对白云山泉水进行分析检测。结果：3处的pH值均曾现弱酸性，铁、锰、铜、锌、砷、铬、铅、镍、硫酸盐、氯化物、氟化物、溶解性固体以及高锰酸盐指数等指标检测值均较低，符合生活饮用水卫生标准。3个采样点中有1个采样点的亚硝酸盐氮检测值超过饮用天然矿泉水标准。结论：几处泉水在煮沸后均可饮用。