从国外经验看我国医学生的医患沟通教育

本文结合国外医学生医患沟通教育的经验及国内医学生医患沟通教育的现状,对我国医学生医患沟通教育的改革提出了建议,期望能够对医学院校的教学改革及人才培养有所参考.     

rt-PA联合必存静脉溶栓治疗急性期脑梗死42例

目的:探讨rt-PA联合必存对发病＜ 6 h的急性期脑梗死患者采用静脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效及并发症.方法:收集我科2008年1月至2010年8月对住院收治发病＜ 6 h的急性期脑梗死患者42例给予rt-PA(0.9 mg/kg,最大70 mg)静脉溶栓治疗.结果:急性期脑梗死6 h内静脉溶栓率为37.8%,未发生脑出血现象,但神经系统功能完全恢复仍需一段时间.溶栓患者20 d基本治愈61.9%,显著进步26.2%,进步7.1%,无变化2.4%,恶化2.4%.结论:6 h内给予rt-PA(0.9 mg/kg,最大70 mg)静脉溶栓治疗是安全有效的,由于溶栓时间窗狭窄及其适应证和禁忌证的限制,溶栓治疗的比例很小,我们必须提高对脑梗死的认识,一旦出现脑梗死症状,早期诊断,早期溶栓治疗,最大限度提高脑梗死患者的预后.     

从国外经验看我国医学生的医患沟通教育

基础医学机能学实验教学的重组是当前医学教育改革的一种趋势,全国各高等医学院校几乎都开展了这项工作.针对实验教学课程重组和改革中的具体问题,本文介绍了一些做法,探讨了解决问题的途径,目的在于共同促进实验课程的改革和实验教学质量的提高.     

An evaluation of leflunomide in the treatment of class Ⅴ lupus nephritis

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of leflunomide as induction and mainten-ance therapy for class Ⅴ lupus nephritis. Methods Sixteen patients with lupus nephritis (of which, three proven with Ⅴ +Ⅲ, six with Ⅴ+Ⅳ ), proven by renal biopsies, were included in this study. ALL patients rec-eived LEF plus prednisone treatment. For induction therapy, all patients were given an initial loading dose of LEF 60 mg daily for three days, followed by 20 mg daily for the whole induction treatment period. Prednisone was given starting from 0.8 mg per kilogram daily, then tapered four weeks later. After twenty-four weeks, the dosages of LEF and prednisone were 10 mg/d, 5～10 mg/d respectively during maintenance therapy. We asses-sed total remission rates in the end of twenty-four weeks, as well as the changes of system lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), urinary protein per twenty-four hours (24 h Upr), serum albumin, serum creatinine level, complement C3, complement C4, C reactive protein, serum titer of ANA and anti-dsDNA be-fore treatment, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 48 weeks after treatment respectively. Meanwhile, seven patients received repeated renal biopsies after completing induction therapy, so we compared pathological activity index (AI) and chroniciry index (CI) between pre-therapy and post-therapy at the same time. T and t' test were selected. Results Sixteen patients were followed-up. After 24 weeks induction therapy, the total remission rate was 75.0%; SLEDAI was significantly lower than pre-therapy [(15.4±3.5) vs (6.9±1.7), P<0.05]; 24 h Upr was also significantly lower than pre-therapy [(5.8±2.2) g vs (l.3±0.5) g, P<0.01 ]. Unfortunately, all seven patients performed repeated renal biopsies with class Ⅴ lupus nephritis again histologically, of which two were transformed other cater-ofies. Comparing with that of pre-therapy, AI was improved after therapy [(2.4±0.9) vs (1.7±0.8), P<0.05]. However, CI indicated no difference. Adverse events including major infection occurred in four patients. The adverse events happened at the 12 th week after treatment. Conclusion The efficacy of LEF plus corticoster-oids as induction and maintenance therapy for class Ⅴ lupus nephritis is remarkable and the tolerance of patients is good.     

从国外经验看我国医学生的医患沟通教育

本文结合国外医学生医患沟通教育的经验及国内医学生医患沟通教育的现状,对我国医学生医患沟通教育的改革提出了建议,期望能够对医学院校的教学改革及人才培养有所参考.     

纤维支气管镜肺灌洗联合机械正压通气对重症肺不张患者的治疗研究

目的:研究纤维支气管镜肺灌洗联合机械正压通气对重症肺不张患者的治疗可行性及治疗效果。方法:对31例重症肺不张患者在综合治疗的基础上行机械通气和纤维支气管镜肺灌洗,监测患者生命体征、动脉血气分析,对治疗前后各项指标及临床情况进行对比分析。术后继续持续气道正压机械通气治疗,治疗后第3天复查胸部CT,对病情严重患者进行二次灌洗。结果:术中10%患者会出现血压升高,脉氧短暂轻度下降,心率增快,但所有患者都能顺利完成治疗。治疗前后各项生命体征基本平稳,多数指标变化不大,氧合指标有明显改善,复查胸部CT显示肺复张率达90%。结论:纤维支气管镜肺灌洗联合机械正压通气治疗重症肺不张是安全有效的方法。     

磁共振血管成像联合颈动脉超声检查在脑血管狭窄诊断中的应用价值

目的 评价磁共振血管成像(MRA)联合颈动脉超声检查诊断脑血管狭窄的准确性.方法 选取86例疑似脑血管狭窄而行MRA、颈动脉超声及数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查者.以DSA检查结果为金标准,判断MRA联合颈动脉超声诊断脑血管狭窄的准确性.结果 以DSA检查结果为金标准,MRA联合颈动脉超声诊断脑血管狭窄的敏感度为82.9%,特异度为75.0%,准确度为82.6%.而且Kappa检验显示,MRA联合颈动脉超声检查结果与DSA检查结果存在一致性,Kappa值为0.64(P＜0.01).结论 DSA检查具有创伤性,风险较大且费用高,不适宜作为脑血管狭窄的首选检查方法.MRA联合颈动脉超声作为一种无创检查,其对脑血管狭窄诊断的准确度高,可作为脑血管狭窄首选的筛查方法.     

从国外经验看我国医学生的医患沟通教育

本文结合国外医学生医患沟通教育的经验及国内医学生医患沟通教育的现状,对我国医学生医患沟通教育的改革提出了建议,期望能够对医学院校的教学改革及人才培养有所参考.     

脑梗死与慢性脑供血不足危险因素差异性研究

目的 研究脑梗死与慢性脑供血不足(CCCI)危险因素的差异性.方法 176例住院患者,其中脑梗死患者101例,慢性脑供血不足者75例.测定两组患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平,明确患者原发性高血压、Ⅱ型糖尿病诊断.采用非条件多因素二元Logistic回归统计方法,分析上述各危险因素中能够预测脑梗死或慢性脑供血不足两种不同转归的因素.结果 在脑梗死或慢性脑供血不足患者中,上述各危险因素中仅高同型半胱氨酸血症一项差异有统计学意义(OR=5.426,P＜0.001),其他危险因素之间差异无统计学意义.结论 高同型半胱氨酸血症是脑梗死或慢性脑供血不足两种不同转归的预测因素,血同型半胱氨酸水平升高者并发脑梗死的几率高于慢性脑供血不足;而高血压病、Ⅱ型糖尿病及血脂异常三者并发脑梗死或慢性脑供血不足的几率没有差异.     

银杏叶提取物对帕金森病大鼠多巴胺能神经元的保护作用

目的:探讨银杏叶提取物(GBE)对帕金森病(PD)大鼠黑质细胞保护的可能性.方法:通过帕金森病大鼠模型,采用TUNEL法、Nissle's染色、HE染色、旋转行为观察的方法,与对照组比较,观察模型成功后GBE治疗1,7,14d大鼠旋转行为及黑质病理变化.结果:GBE组黑质凋亡细胞数、旋转圈数均较PD组减少,而尼氏细胞数...