住院老年精神病人情况调查

由于人类平均寿命的延长，社会人口结构日趋老龄化，老年期精神疾病患者也随之增加［１，２］。为进一步了解住院老年精神病人的诊断和药物治疗状况，对当天住院的老年病人进行一次调查，现报告如下：资料调查对象１９９６年７月２８日在本院住院的６０岁以上患者。当天共...     

儿童病毒性脑炎的临床特征研究

目的：总结儿童病毒性脑炎的临床特征、实验室检查和辅助检查的特点,探讨儿童病毒性脑炎的早期诊断方法及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院神经科2012-01-2013-06收治的30例病毒性脑炎患儿的临床资料、实验室检查及辅助检查结果。结果30例患儿以发热、意识障碍、头痛、呕吐为主要临床表现,其中发热27例（90.0％）,意识障碍22例（73.3％）,昏迷1例,头痛22例（73.3％）,呕吐21例（70.0％）;阳性12例（40.0％）,颈抵抗可疑阳性5例（16.7％）;双侧巴宾斯基征阳性12例（40.0％）,单侧巴宾斯基征阳性3例（10.0％）;布鲁津斯征均为阴性;2例（6.7％）凯尔尼格征阳性;血液肠道病毒学检查（柯萨奇、埃科病毒及EB病毒抗体IgM、IgG）,抗体[IgM 和（或）IgG]均为阳性,但脑脊液病毒学抗原检查仅7例阳性;脑电图（EEG ）和磁共振成像（M RI）检查,7例（23.3％）EEG异常,2例（6.7％）M RI异常。经抗病毒、降颅压等治疗,随访6～12个月,1例昏迷,1例小脑共济失调,余28例完全康复,未见后遗症。结论儿童病毒性脑炎多数发病较急,临床表现多样,以发热、意识障碍、头痛、呕吐为主,血液中病毒抗体阳性率高,但脑脊液病原学阳性率较低。对症治疗后大部分预后良好。     

不同流式细胞分析系统对外周血淋巴细胞亚群分析结果的影响

目的 探讨部分临床实验室FCM淋巴细胞亚群分析参考范围应用的合理性及不同生产厂家的流式细胞仪和试剂组合对淋巴细胞亚群分析结果的影响.方法 根据国内临床实验室常用的3个流式细胞仪型号(Beckman Coulter Epics XL、Beckman Coulter Cytomics FC500、BD FACS Calibur),分别选取3家北京地区临床流式细胞室(A、B、c室),按照各室的实际检测方案分别测定50份健康人静脉血标本,以验证各室淋巴细胞亚群分析参考范围是否合理.调查3家实验室室内全血质控品使用情况,并将商品化全血质控品分发各室,按照各自的实际实验方案在20个工作日内与常规标本平行处理、检测和分析.针对不同生产厂家的试剂,在同一流式细胞仪(型号为Beckman Coulter Epics XL)上用a、b、c、d 4种不同的试剂组合对20份患者标本进行检测,其中试剂组合a为美国Beckman Coulter公司同厂配套试剂和仪器,试剂组合b、c、d的检测结果分别与试剂组合a比较,计算b、c、d试剂组合偏倚>10%的概率.采用相同试剂和溶血素(美国Beckman Coulter公司)对24份患者标本进行前处理,分别在2台不同厂家和型号的流式细胞仪(型号为Beckman Coulter Epics XL和BD FACS Calibur)上检测,比较相同试剂处理标本后不同仪器对淋巴细胞亚群分析结果的影响.采用同厂配套试剂和仪器,比较Beckman Coulter Epics XL和BD FACS Calibur两个流式细胞检测系统对20份患者标本检测结果的影响.结果 A室的自然杀伤(NK)细胞及CD+4 T淋巴细胞/CD+8 T淋巴细胞(T4/T8),B、c两室的T4均有大于10%的结果落在相应的参考范围之外,超出相应参考范围的概率分别为16%(9/50)、24%(12/50)、22%(11/50)、12%(6/50).3家实验室20个工作日内的室内质控均在参考范围内.与试剂组合a比较,试剂组合b、c的所有项目偏倚均较大,其中偏倚>10%的概率最低为试剂组合b的T8,为70%(14/20);最高为试剂组合b、c的T淋巴细胞(T3)、T4,均达到100%(20/20).试剂组合d的T3、T8和B淋巴细胞(B)偏倚较大,偏倚>10%的概率分别为35%(7/20)、85%(17/20)、75%(15/20).不同生产厂家的试剂、仪器处理和分析标本的结果,与采用同一生产厂家的试剂、仪器处理和分析的结果相比,T3、T4、T8、B、NK均存在较大偏倚,偏倚>10%的概率分别为71%(17/24)、80%(19/24)、38%(9/24)、33%(8/24)、92%(22/24).Beckman Coulter Epics XL和BD FACS Calibur两个流式细胞检测系统相比较,T8、NK和B的偏倚均较大,偏倚>10%的概率分别为55%(11/20)、70%(14/20)、55%(11/20).结论 流式细胞实验室需要建立自己的参考范围并定期验证,以便合理进行调整.建议定期采用全血质控品,并累计质控数据.各实验室应选择同厂配套试剂处理标本.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the appropriate setting up of normal reference ranges of lymphocyte subsets in some flow cytometry laboratories and to study the effects of different flow cytometers and various reagents by different manufacturers on the analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. Methods Three FCM labs (named A, B and C) in Beijing region were selected representing 3 commonly used flow cytometers (Beckman Coulter Epics XL, Beckman Coulter Cytomics FC500, BD FACS Calibur). 50 samples from healthy donors were distributed to 3 labs and tested according to individual lab's standard operating procedure to verify whether the normal reference ranges of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets established were appropriate. The application of internal quality control was also investigated. Commercial blood quality control reagents were given to the 3 FCM labs and tested within 20 working days paralleled with routine samples. In addition, 20 patients' samples were prepared using 4 different combinations of reagents ( a , b , c and d). The results from combination a, which used the Beckman Coulter reagents and instrument, were compared to the results from combination b, c and d, which used reagents from different manufacturers. Then the prepared samples were tested on Beckman Coulter Epics XL to evaluate the effects of different combinations of reagents on the results of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets analyzed by the same instrument. Furthermore, 24 patients' samples prepared by same reagents from Beckman Coulter company were tested on both Beckman Coulter Epics XL and BD FACS Calibur respectively to assess the effects of different instruments on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. 20 patients' samples prepared by same reagents and instruments were analyzed by Beckman Coulter Epics XL analytic system and BD FACS Calibur analytic system respectively to assess the effects of the two analytic systems on the lymphocyte subsets. Results Over 10% of the results for NK and T4/T8 in lab A as well as T4 in labs B and C fell outside of their normal reference ranges. The probabilities exceeding corresponding normal reference ranges were 16% ( 9/50 ), 24% ( 12/50 ), 22% (11/50) and 12% ( 6/50 ), respectively. The results using internal blood quality control in 3 FCM labs within 20 working days were all within the reference ranges of the quality control provided by the kit. The biases from b and c reagent combinations were substantial compared with that of reagent a combination. Among the biases from b and c reagent combinations, the lowest probability of bias exceeding 10% was T8 of combination b, which had probability of 70% (14/20). The highest probabilities of hias exceeding 10% were T3 and T4 of b and c reagent combinations, which reached 100% (20/20) . Furthermore, the biases of T3, T8 and B of d reagent combination compared with that of reagent a combination were also substantial. The probabilities of bias exceeding 10% were 35% (7/20) ,85% (17/20) and 75% (15/20), respectively. Comparing the results of samples prepared and analyzed by reagents and instruments from different manufacturers to that of samples prepared and analyzed by the same company's reagents and instruments showed that there were great discrepancies in T3, T4 , T8 , B and NK. The probabilities of bias exceeding 10% were 71% ( 17/24), 80% (19/24) ,38% (9/24), 33% (8/24) and 92% (22/24), respectively. The biases of T8, NK and B were substantial when compared the results from Beckman Coulter Epics XL analytic systems and BD FACS Calibur analytic systems. The probabilities of bias exceeding 10% were 55% (11/20 ), 70% ( 14/20 ) and 55% (11/20), respectively. Conclusions FCM labs should set up their own normal reference range for peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. The normal reference range should be verified periodically. It is important to apply internal blood quality control regularly and accumulate the quality control results. The reagents and instrument for preparing peripheral blood samples should be from the same manufacturers.     

荧光定量PCR检测梅毒螺旋体方法的建立及初步应用

目的采用二聚体蝎型探针技术建立一种高敏感性和特异性的检测梅毒螺旋体(TP)的荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法。方法根据TP特异性外膜蛋白Gpd的基因序列设计引物和荧光探针,采用基因工程技术构建可用于TP定量的标准品,优化荧光定量PCR的反应体系和反应条件,建立检测TP的二聚体蝎型探针定量PCR。采用本研究建立方法和商品化荧光定量PCR试剂盒检测40例临床标本,对比分析检测结果的统计学差异。结果成功构建了TP重组质粒标准品和TP的二聚体蝎型探针定量PCR,该方法线性范围为101~108 copy/mL,灵敏度为10copy/mL,特异性和敏感性均为100.0%;二聚体蝎型探针定量PCR对疑似梅毒病例阳性检出率显著高于目前商品化Taqman荧光定量PCR试剂盒(82.5%vs 62.5%,P0.05)。结论成功建立了二聚体蝎型探针荧光定量PCR快速检测TP的方法,为临床上TP的早期诊断和防控奠定了基础。     

爱心倾注精神病人——记324医院精神科主管护师许枫叶

许枫叶同志是中国人民解放军第324医院精神病科主管护师。30年来,她一直默默无闻的辛勤耕耘在精神病科,尽管常年与逻辑思维混乱、自制能力失控、言行超常越轨、喜怒反复无常的病人打交道,她却凭着对精神病人     

国产利福平注射液经纤维支气管镜治疗支气管结核合并肺不张疗效观察

目的：讨论经纤支镜注射利福平注射液介入治疗支气管结核的疗效方法：对60例支气管结核合并肺不张分别纤维支气管镜注入国产利福平注射液,异烟肼＋阿米卡星,直接口服化疗药物3组治疗结果进行对比分析。结果：经纤支镜注射利福平注射液介入治疗支气管结核较纤维支气管镜注入异烟肼＋阿米卡星和直接口服化疗药物有显著差异。结论：通过纤维支气管镜于病灶处直接注入国产利福平注射液治疗支气管结核并肺不张,对减少毁损肺的产生,提高病人的生存质量有积极的意义。     

Study of drug control over postoperative hemorrhage after selective caesarean section

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of carbetocin and oxytocin in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after selective caesarean section. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen pregnant women who were going to deliver by caesarean section were randomly divided into two paralleled and controlled groups, of which the oxytocin group(group A) contained 105 women and the carbetocin group(group B) 111 women. 20 IU of oxytocin was administrated during operation for both groups, 10 IU directly into uterus and 10 IU intravenously. When the operation was over, 20 IU of oxytocin was dripped for group A lasting for 8 hours, while for group B 100μg of carbetocin was immediately injected intravenously for 1 minute. Blood loss as well as hemoglobin alteration was measured for the comparison of the effect of the two drugs. Blood biochemical indicators were introduced for the evaluation of the safety of carbetocin including the function of liver and kidney and the fasting glucose.Results: No significant difference was revealed between the two groups concerning the postpartum hemorrhage within 24 hours, the postpartum hemorrhage incidence and the changes of hemoglobin. There was no significant difference in the change of liver and kidney function, fasting glucose and electrolyte changes as well.Conclusions: Carbetocin has a similar effect and safety of oxytocin in controlling the blood loss of selective caesarean section.     

不同清甲剂量131I对中低危分化型甲状腺癌患者治疗后临床反应和免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨不同清甲剂量¹³¹I对中低危分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid carcinoma, DTC)患者治疗效果和免疫功能的影响。方法 选取2019年10月至2020年9月四川省肿瘤医院收治的已行甲状腺全切除术和颈部淋巴清扫术,且术后采用¹³¹I清甲治疗的54例DTC患者为研究对象。根据¹³¹I清甲剂量大小分为小剂量治疗组(1.11GBq, 21例)和大剂量治疗组(3.70GBq, 33例),比较两组间清甲治疗效果和免疫功能变化差异。结果 治疗后6个月左右,两组间治疗后反应完全比率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.006,P=0.936);清甲治疗后5～7天与治疗前比较,免疫功能均有降低(P<0.001),大剂量组比小剂量组的免疫功能降低幅度更大(P<0.05);治疗后6个月左右,两组间免疫细胞百分比值(Treg细胞除外)基本恢复到治疗前水平(P>0.05)。结论 对于中低风险DTC患者而言,大剂量和小剂量清甲治疗后反应完全率接近,而小剂量治疗组在短期内对免...     

白细胞介素-1β和白细胞介素-6对妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A表达的影响

目的探讨炎性因子白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)对人冠状动脉平滑肌细胞(human coronary artery smooth muscle cell,HCASMC)表达妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A(pregnancy-associated plasma pro-tein-A,PAPP-A)的影响。方法应用20μg/L的IL-1β、10μg/L的IL-6各自刺激HCASMC,共同培养0、2、4、8、243、6 h后收集细胞。应用不同浓度的IL-1β(0、5、20、40μg/L)I、L-6(0、5、10、50μg/L)刺激HCASMC,共同培养6 h后收集细胞。应用实时定量聚合酶链反应的方法检测细胞内PAPP-A基因的表达量。结果在同剂量IL-1βI、L-6刺激下,PAPP-A的表达量在2 h时就开始发生上调,8 h达高峰,而后开始下降;在不同剂量IL-1βI、L-6刺激下,PAPP-A的表达量在实验剂量范围内随着剂量的加大呈上升趋势(IL-1β:r=0.972,P=0.000;IL-6:r=0.941,P=0.000)。结论炎性因子IL-1βI、L-6能促进HCASMC中斑块稳定相关标记物PAPP-A的表达,可能是炎症在急性冠状动脉综合征发生发展中的重要作用机制之一。     

临床药师基于结构变动度对DRG超支病例用药合理性分析与研究

目的:结合疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)对医疗机构住院费用超出支付标准的病例进行分析,为促进临床合理用药和住院费用精细化管控提供参考。方法:利用三级甲等综合性医院病案信息系统,基于结构变动度分析法对2021年1～6月住院总费用超出估算支付标准的DRG组别进行费用组成、影响因素及变动情况分析,进一步借助处方医嘱点评手段,对筛选病例开展用药合理性评价。结果:不同DRG组别之间的住院费用结构存在明显差异,通过结构变动贡献率指标可筛选药品费用变动大的超支病例开展处方医嘱点评,同时,临床药师发现超支病例存在不同程度用药问题,主要包括：围手术期预防选用抗菌药物不适宜及用药疗程过长、无适应证用药、用法用量不适宜、肠外营养疗程过长、未首选指南推荐用药等。结论:通过剖析DRG产出的标准化数据,利用结构变动贡献率可“靶标”用药问题,为DRG背景下住院费用精准管控提供新的切入点。